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基于ESDA-GIS的新疆县域经济时空差异研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
区域经济差异历来是国内外学者关注的热点问题。从时空角度出发,本文利用新疆1978-2004年县域人均GDP数据,采用变差系数、ESDA全局和局部空间自相关分析方法与GIS技术相结合,对新疆县域经济总体发展差异和局部空间异质性的演变特征进行了实证研究。变差系数分析显示新疆县际经济差异并不沿着"倒U字"型的轨迹变化,1978-2004年县域间的经济差距先减少,而后缓慢扩大。通过新疆各县人均GDP的空间自相关系数(Moran’sI)的计算,我们发现改革开放以来新疆经济发展的空间集聚效应增强,集聚区域间的经济差距不断拉大。对不同年度新疆各县人均GDP的局域空间自相关分析进一步揭示出北疆中、西部、南疆西、北部逐渐形成"HH"和"LL"两种类型空间集聚。实践证明空间分析方法是传统经济差异量度方法的一种有益补充,使我们更加深入理解区域经济的空间格局及其变化规律。 相似文献
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山东省区域经济发展状况GIS评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文利用山东省2003年-2009年县市人均生产总值等经济数据,借助SuperMap的GIS空间分析功能进行山东省区域经济发展状况分析。方法上将单纯的统计数据与实际地理位置相关联。结果表明:山东省近7年间县域人均收入分布明显不均匀,呈现不利于经济长期持续发展的单峰分布状态;区域间的人均生产总值差距逐渐增加;人均生产总值与地理区位、资源分布和交通线路的分布有较大相关性。 相似文献
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City lights, fishing boats, and oil fields are the major sources of nighttime lights, therefore the nighttime light images provide a unique source to map human beings and their activities from outer space. While most of the scholars focused on application of nighttime light remote sensing in urbanization and regional development, the actual fields are much wider. This paper summarized the applications of nighttime light remote sensing into fields such as the estimation of socioeconomic parameters, monitoring urbanization, evaluation of important events, analyzing light pollution, fishery, etc. For estimation of socioeconomic parameters, the most promising progress is that Gross Domestic Product and its growth rate have been estimated with statistical data and nighttime light data using econometric models. For monitoring urbanization, urban area and its dynamics can be extracted using different classification methods, and spatial analysis has been employed to map urban agglomeration. As sharp changes of nighttime light are associated with important socioeconomic events, the images have been used to evaluate humanitarian disasters, especially in the current Syrian and Iraqi wars. Light pollution is another hotspot of nighttime light application, as the night light is related to some diseases and abnormal behavior of animals, and the nighttime light images can provide light pollution information on large scales so that it is much easier to analyze the effects of light pollutions. In each field, we listed typical cases of the applications. At last, future studies of nighttime light remote sensing have been predicted. 相似文献
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A global inventory of coral reef stressors based on satellite observed nighttime lights 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this article, we present a satellite-based approach to gather information about the threat to coral reefs worldwide. Three chosen reef stressors – development, gas flaring and heavily lit fishing boat activity – are analysed using nighttime lights data derived from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) produced at the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, National Geophysical Data Center (NOAA/NGDC). Nighttime lights represent a direct threat to coral reef ecosystems and are an excellent proxy measure for associated human-caused stressors. A lights proximity index (LPI) is calculated, measuring the distance of coral reef sites to each of the stressors and incorporating the stressor's intensity. Colourized maps visualize the results on a global scale. Area rankings clarify the effects of artificial night lighting on coral reefs on a regional scale. The results should be very useful for reef managers and for state administrations to implement coral reef conservation projects and for the scientific world to conduct further research. 相似文献
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基于GIS的甘肃省区域经济时空差异研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
区域经济差异研究一直是区域经济学、发展经济学研究的核心问题之一,也是世界各国经济发展过程中的一个普遍性问题。一直受到各国学术界和政府决策部门的普遍关注。地处中国西北地区的甘肃省,经济社会发展较为落后,省内区域经济差异问题突出。深入分析甘肃省区域经济差异演变规律及其原因对于探索落后地区经济协调发展道路具有重要的理论和实践意义。本文在总结前人研究成果的基础上,采用一系列定量测度指标,运用GIS和空间统计分析方法,研究了2000-2006年间甘肃省区域经济差异及其演变规律。基于ESDA全局和局部空间自相关分析,在GIS软件和GeoDA空间统计软件的支持下,利用甘肃省2000-2006年各市、州和县域人均GDP数据,对甘肃省县域经济的总体和局部空间差异进行了实证分析。 相似文献
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为提高空间数据增量更新中拓扑冲突的检测效率,针对道路网数据,首先分析了增量要素进行更新时可能产生的拓扑冲突的类型和特点,运用规则格网进行邻近区域的表达;然后使用5元组模型描述增量要素与邻近区域要素间的拓扑关系,与设定的拓扑冲突表达进行比较,判断是否存在拓扑冲突。实验结果表明,本方法对于道路网数据增量更新中的拓扑冲突的类型区分准确全面,检测效率较高,具有很好的实用性和可靠性。 相似文献
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基于夜间灯光数据的南京城镇用地提取 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对多时相夜间灯光影像无法直接对比的问题,该文提出了一种基于不变目标进行不同年份不同卫星夜间灯光数据的校正方法。在系统校正多时相夜间灯光数据的基础上,应用支持向量机分类算法提取城镇用地信息,并分析1992—2013年南京城镇扩张动态变化规律。结果表明:该数据校正方法可以有效减少年际夜间灯光影像之间的异常差异,提高不同年份数据间的连续性和可比较性;支持向量机分类算法提取的4个样区城镇用地信息总体精度和Kappa系数平均值分别为88.35%和0.56,能够准确反映区域城镇发展的实际情况;1992—2013年南京城镇经历先缓慢后快速的扩张过程,主城区在1992年城镇基础上往四周扩张,并沿长江及南北交通走廊发展。 相似文献
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基于DMSP-OLS和MODIS数据的宁夏城市化与生态环境耦合协调分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
科学认识城市化与生态环境耦合协调机制,对推动黄河流域及黄河所经地区生态保护和高质量发展具有重要意义。本文以宁夏回族自治区为例,采用长时间序列DMSP-OLS夜间灯光数据建立了适用于宁夏的城市夜间灯光指数（UNLI）,并利用MOD09A1、MOD11A2提出了一种面向大区域尺度的遥感生态指数（RSEI）构建方法。在此基础上,采用耦合协调度模型（CCDM）,探讨分析了2000—2012年宁夏5个地级市城市化与生态环境耦合协调发展过程。结果表明：①基于DMSP-OLS数据建立的宁夏城市夜间灯光指数与人均GDP,以及第一、二、三产业GDP相关性显著（p<0.001）,能够较好地反映宁夏城市化水平。②基于MOD09A1、MOD11A2建立的遥感生态指数能够较好地反映宁夏生态环境质量时空变化特征。③宁夏城市化与生态环境耦合协调度呈稳定上升趋势,整体处于基本协调-生态环境滞后的转型阶段。研究结果对沿黄城市生态保护和高质量发展具有重要参考价值。 相似文献
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针对现有的检测方法无法适应增量更新中冲突检测的问题,以居民地要素为例,首先分析了增量更新中拓扑冲突发生的区域性特点;然后在检测区域建立规则格网索引,用格子集表达的区域来表示更新对象的邻近区域,将位于邻近区域内的空间对象作为拓扑冲突判断的候选集;最后通过计算更新对象与对应候选集内的空间对象间的拓扑关系并与冲突规则进行匹配来判断拓扑语义冲突。实验表明,该方法将检测区域限定在利用索引格子集表达的更新居民地对象的邻近区域内,不仅能够检测出增量更新过程中的拓扑冲突,而且具有较高的效率,能够应用于更新数据的质量检测。 相似文献
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各民族、各国家的区域范围在不同的发展时期大小不一。本文提出了基于Silverlight的区域变迁演示系统设计,以江东六十四屯区域演变为例,基于Silverlight,Bing Maps,Sql Server,Visual Studio.NET等关键技术与软件平台,将历史、地理知识与测绘地理信息高度结合,设计出表现力丰富、交互能力强的区域变迁演示系统,实现让单一的历史地图以生动活泼的新面貌向世人展示等功能。 相似文献
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分析福建省区域经济发展的差异,对提高经济发展水平具有重要意义。本文以福建省9个地市为研究单元,以2003—2017年人均GDP为基础数据,采用ArcGIS10.1和Geoda软件进行区域经济发展差异研究。通过计算和分析各市人均GDP的空间自相关系数Moran’s I和变异系数C.V,福建省各地市与其自身相邻近的地市之间存在着正空间自相关关系,并且福建省区域经济发展差异在增大。GIS技术用于分析区域经济空间差异性具有自身的优势,已成为区域经济研究领域的方向和趋势之一。 相似文献
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Christopher Macdonald Hewitt 《Transactions in GIS》2019,23(4):823-840
In 1066, English and Norman forces engaged in a decisive battle near Hastings. The battlefield itself provides an example of the way in which physical geography can contribute to our understanding of historical events. According to historical accounts, the rolling landscape of the Hastings battle site was unquestionably an important factor in understanding the conflict. Yet surprisingly few analyses of the local terrain exist to test this proposition. In part, this is because historians of the battle have largely affirmed that the current battle site bears little or no physical resemblance to that present in 1066, and thus is unsuitable for contemporary analysis that might shed light on the outcome of the battle itself. By applying advanced geographical analysis using the RUSLE model, this study demonstrates that there is in fact considerable evidence to suggest that a limited amount of sediment was removed, hence the battlefield has in fact changed very little since the battle. This finding is significant, insofar as it opens the door to new research on the Battle of Hastings which may shed additional light on the events that occurred there and the factors that influenced the outcome of this key conflict in British history. 相似文献
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选取1996年～2004年9年间陕西省县域农民人均纯收入作为研究对象,采用GIS空间分析方法对其空间分异规律进行研究。结果表明,农民收入水平呈现明显的空间正相关,并且相关性不断提高,地域分异十分明显。 相似文献
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一种基于地理探测器的城镇扩展影响机理分析法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
城市化是全球范围内普遍存在的重要现象,尤其发展中国家和地区正经历着快速城市化的过程。快速城市化导致了城市地区的大规模扩张,从而加重了土地资源的压力,带来了一系列的环境和社会问题。定量分析城镇扩展的空间驱动力能更好地辅助城市规划与管理。本文提出了一种量化城镇扩展的指数——城镇扩展密度,并通过地理探测器方法分析了1990—2000年北京市城镇扩展的时空特征及形成机理。研究表明:北京市城镇扩展沿交通干线呈线性扩张,其城镇扩展受到社会经济和地理的共同影响和制约作用,城镇固定资产投资对城镇扩展影响力最大,区域条件次之。这些发现可以为城镇扩展模拟和预测提供更好的改进空间。 相似文献
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固定相位时长的信号灯控制由于无法根据实时路况进行自适应调节,对交通拥堵现象的改善程度有限。为了模拟根据实时路况进行信号灯相位自适应调节,以Webster算法为基础,融合虚拟仿真和计算机视觉技术,构建信号灯配时优化与自反馈闭环系统。首先,构建基于Unity3D的道路交通仿真场景,模拟车辆启停、行驶及信号灯控制;然后,利用OpenCV库处理采集的车流视频,统计通车流量并计算最佳信号周期和确定通车相位;最后,将配时计算结果作用于仿真场景,实现信号灯相位的实时调整与优化循环。仿真实验结果表明,信号灯自适应配时优化与闭环反馈能较大幅度减少车辆等待时间,有效缓解交通拥堵状况。 相似文献
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Minho Kim 《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(1):69-78
Outdoor light at night (LAN) would be a public concern potentially associated with adverse health outcomes mainly in developed countries, but it might also be an environmental health issue in developing countries. However, there have been few studies reporting the spatial and temporal aspects of LAN level changes incorporated with population exposure in such nations. Therefore, we analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns of outdoor LAN exposure changes across the Republic of Korea (ROK), a developing country in Asia, between 1995 and 2010. In addition, we incorporated the population and its demographic characteristics of light exposure in this research. We utilized Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Operational Linescan System (OLS) observations as a spatial proxy of LAN and the ROK census data. This research observed 57.6% (≈57,800 km2) of land areas in the country to experience increases in outdoor artificial illumination at nights. The highest levels of LAN were found to affect about 58% of the total ROK population with major impacts on young and middle-aged people in recent years. Taking this research into account, it would require taking appropriate measures in controlling and abating outdoor artificial lights at night for both developing and developed countries. We anticipate that those efforts could prevent adverse health outcomes, for example, female breast cancer, potentially associated with LAN exposure. 相似文献
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Nighttime light imagery is a powerful tool to study urbanization because it can provide a uniform metric, lit area, to delimit urban extents. However, lit area is much larger than actual urban area, so thresholds of digital number (DN) values are usually needed to reduce the lit area. The threshold varies greatly among different regions, but at present it is still not very clear what factors impact the changes of the threshold. In this study, urban extent by province for China is mapped using official statistical data and four intercalibrated and geometrically corrected nighttime light images between 2004 and 2010. Lit area in the imagery for most provinces is at least 94% greater than the official amount of urban area. Regression analyses show a significant correlation between optimal thresholds and GDP per capita, and larger thresholds more commonly indicate higher economic level. Size and environmental condition may explain a province’s threshold that is disproportionate to GDP. Findings indicate one threshold DN is not appropriate for multiple (adjacent) province urban extent mapping, and optimal thresholds for one year may be notably different than the next. Province-level derived thresholds are not appropriate for other geographic levels. Brightness of nighttime lights is an advantage over imagery that relies on daylight reflection, and decreases in brightness indicate faster growth in the horizontal direction than the vertical. A province’s optimal threshold does not always maintain an increase with population and economic growth. In the economically developed eastern provinces, urban population densities decreased (and this is seen in the brightness data), while urban population increased. 相似文献