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本文总结了影响动态GPS（RTK）精度的原因及解决方法。分析研究表明,动态GPS（RTK）测量平面精度可达到一级导线测量的要求,高程精度可达到等外水准的要求。 相似文献
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本文通过在1∶1万航测外业基础测绘中应用已建区域精化似大地水准面模型测量像控点工作,从控制点使用数量、分布和达到的预期精度方面进行了试验。认为,一个大型的GPS网中使用3个点位可靠的B级点来约束GPS网平差,并配合精化似大地水准面插值模型取得的控制点坐标和高程,完全能够满足1∶10000甚至更大比例尺地形测量精度要求。为确保GPS网点拟合高程的可靠性,可适当用GPS联测国家水准点以检查GPS网点的高程拟合外符合精度。原有的国家三角点成果,由于测量年代悠久、历史原因和受当时的技术设备条件限制,其可靠程度和精度已不能用来检测和衡量GPS网点的平面和高程外符合精度。使用B级点来约束GPS网平差,并配合精化似大地水准面插值模型取得控制点坐标和高程,可以缩短工作周期,减少人员设备投入,降低成本消耗。 相似文献
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近几年来,随着国民经济的快速增长,我国基础设施建设不断加大投入,公路建设得到突飞猛进的发展,尤其是大批的现代高等级公路建设项目陆续上马。这些现代的高等级公路勘测相对于以往的传统公路勘测,具有线路更长、精度要求更高、时间要求更紧,数据要求共享等一系列特点,需要我们加大公路勘测设计和施工建设方面的科技含量,提高公路作业的现代化水平。在经典测量中,控制网的优化十分重要,它直接影响到最后成果的精度。GPS出现后,控制图的结构概念起了重大变化,原来的一些控制网方案的优化已不再适用,如何分析和讨论GPS网观测方案优化问题,便出现在测量工作者面前,本文就GPS网的布设作一简要分析。简述了GPS测量技术的发展状态,及GPS工程网的布设,介绍了GPS测量所具有特点,GPS测量在公路中的应用,最后对GPS测量作出了展望。 相似文献
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在实际生产过程中,很多生产单位选购了不同品牌的GPS接收机,在不同品牌接收机联合作业时,如何选择平差软件困扰着技术人员。为帮助工程人员应对日常GPS测量数据平差处理和选择相应处理软件,本文作者通过介绍GPS测量数据处理的一般流程,然后利用具体工程案例,对比分析了4种GPS平差软件(包括两款国内软件和两款国外软件)在软件性能、数学模型、基线处理和网平差结果方面的优劣。经对比,国产GPS平差软件更能符合我国相应测量规范的格式要求。应对不同等级控制网,在短基线处理时,各种GPS平差软件处理结果均能达到相应精度要求;在中长基线处理时,Pinnacle和HDS2003的误差模型和改正模型较多,解算精度较高,而Solution的自动化程度相对较低,但在基线处理中有一定优势。 相似文献
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卫星定位技术在当今测绘已无处不在,平面控制测量需要用到GPS静态测量模式,GPS动态测量模式则主要应用于工程测量、大比例尺数字化测图等领域。连续运行参考站CORS是近年来发展起来的区域性GPS处理系统,它让测绘工作变的高效便捷,极大地提高了测绘的经济效益和社会效益。随着测绘技术的更新发展,GPS将应用在更多的测绘领域。 相似文献
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利用FG5绝对重力仪进行南极长城站绝对重力测定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在南极地区进行重力测量是建立高程基准的基础,2005年,在南极长城站进行了绝对重力测量,观测仪器采用FG5绝对重力仪,经固体潮改正、海潮改正、极移改正及气压改正等,精度达±3×10-8m s-2,并同时利用2台LCR相对重力仪进行了重力垂直梯度测量和水平梯度测量。长城站绝对重力测量的实施,对于新一代卫星重力计划如CHAMP、GRACE和GOCE的地面校准及建立南极地区的高精度、高分辨率的大地水准面模型提供了基础数据。 相似文献
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本文介绍了庄—盖线40公里处至盖州段61公里处的高速公路测量工程的特点,利用先进的测量仪器和测量方法,对该段高速公路的前期设计阶段所做的GPS网的布设、施测过程、精度进行了评定。 相似文献
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本文以某工业园区项目的 GPS水准测量数据,利用地质统计学中的Ordinary Kriging方法,进行了GPS高程异常拟合的不同方案试验研究,结果发现普通克立格方法合理拟合方案下的估计精度可满足测量规范要求,推荐应用于GPS高程异常拟合工程。 相似文献
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Digital photogrammetry and kinematic GPS applied to the monitoring of Vulcano Island, Aeolian Arc, Italy 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Digital photogrammetry and kinematic global positioning system (GPS) techniques are investigated and compared over a volcanic area as operational approaches to map the topography and monitor surface displacements. The use of terrestrial and airborne GPS to support the photogrammetric survey allowed for operational and processing time reduction without loss of accuracy. A digital elevation model (DEM) is obtained from the processing of the high-resolution digital imagery survey, which provides detailed information over a large area. The internal accuracy of the derived DEM has been verified by the comparison of two sets of data obtained from imagery acquired in different epochs; the observed root-mean-square error of residuals ranges from a few centimetres to 15 cm depending on the morphological features. Kinematic and pseudo-kinematic GPS surveys are performed to derive accurate 3-D coordinates at monumented benchmarks and accurate elevation profiles along footpaths. The average repeatability of the GPS measurements on benchmarks is 1 cm for measurement durations of 2–3 min. The standard deviation of interpolated vertical coordinates obtained at the crossings of kinematic GPS profiles is 4.3 cm. The high quality of these GPS coordinates justifies their use also for the validation of the photogrammetric DEM. A comparison of 6000 common points provides a standard deviation of residuals of 18 cm. The results show that the deformation pattern of a volcanic area can be rapidly and accurately monitored even in the absence of geodetic benchmarks. The integration of aerial photogrammetry with GPS kinematic surveys may be considered as an optimal approach for deriving high-resolution mapping products to be used in support of studies of volcanic dynamics. 相似文献
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F. Bocchio 《Geophysical Journal International》1983,72(2):453-459
Summary. It is shown that disturbing masses can be found which can give locally rise in the external gravity field of a spherically symmetric earth to singularities both in geodetic and in gravity space coordinates; in this connection the concept of absolute geodetic singularities is introduced. It is also shown that the previous results hold independently of the mass of the disturbing body and for densities of the disturbing mass which can be lower than the mean Earth density. The connection between the geodetic singularity problem and the study and design of gravity gradient compensators for orbital experiments is put into light. 相似文献
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本文叙述了作者 1 996年参加“北极追踪”科学考察队进行首次北极测绘科学考察期间 ,使用 GPS全球定位观测系统 ,沿雷索柳特 ( Resolute)—夸那 ( Qaanaaq)—卡波郁科 ( Kap Yok)—尤里科 ( Eureke)—北极点 ( North Pole)—尤里科—雷索柳特的考察路线 ,进行了冰海考察路线导航、寻找北极点、夸那及雷索柳特定点观测。事后采用高精度 GPS数据处理科研软件 GAMIT对采集得到的数据进行了处理、分析 ,得到了观测点的地心及大地坐标和各点到北京的空间基线长。结果表明 ,利用 GPS定位系统在北极地区进行大规模范围内、高精度监测地壳运动和环境动态变化是完全可行的。 相似文献
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Elastic finite element models are applied to investigate the effects of topography and medium heterogeneities on the surface deformation and the gravity field produced by volcanic pressure sources. Changes in the gravity field cannot be interpreted only in terms of gain of mass disregarding the ground deformation of the rocks surrounding the source. Contributions to gravity changes depend also on surface and subsurface mass redistribution driven by dilation of the volcanic source. Both ground deformation and gravity changes were firstly evaluated by solving a coupled axisymmetric problem to estimate the effects of topography and medium heterogeneities. Numerical results show significant discrepancies in the ground deformation and gravity field compared to those predicted by analytical solutions, which disregard topography, elastic heterogeneities and density subsurface structures. With this in mind, we reviewed the expected gravity changes accompanying the 1993–1997 inflation phase on Mt Etna by setting up a fully 3-D finite element model in which we used the real topography, to include the geometry, and seismic tomography, to infer the crustal heterogeneities. The inflation phase was clearly detected by different geodetic techniques (EDM, GPS, SAR and levelling data) that showed a uniform expansion of the overall volcano edifice. When the gravity data are integrated with ground deformation data and a coupled FEM modelling was solved, a mass intrusion could have occurred at depth to justify both ground deformation and gravity observations. 相似文献
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《极地研究》1990,1(1):49-57
It is the main task of the antarctic surveying expedition to establish the surveying system. In three times of the antarctic surveying research expeditions, a complete and accurate surveying system has been established in the Chinese Great Wall Station area. The surveying system includes geodetic coordinate system, elevation system and gravity reference system. In this paper, the surveying methods and the mathematical models for establishing these systems are discussed, and the accuracy of results is analysed. 相似文献
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F. Bocchio 《Geophysical Journal International》1982,68(3):643-652
Summary. An inverse geodetic singularity problem is considered for a non-homogeneous spherical planet. The singularity condition is expressed in terms of the density distribution and of the geometrical parameters of the configuration; the condition for the density distribution is deduced which gives rise to singularities of parabolic type in the external gravity field of the planet. The structure of the gravity field in the neighbourhood of the singularities is investigated in detail together with the behaviour of the gradients of the disturbances in the geodetic coordinates. 相似文献
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Tidal gravity in Britain: tidal loading and the spatial distribution of the marine tide 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
T. F. Baker 《Geophysical Journal International》1980,62(2):249-267
Summary. Tidal gravity measurements have been made at six sites in Britain with two nulled LaCoste and Romberg Earth tide gravitymeters. The M 2 observations from these and two further sites are compared with calculations of the tidal loading from the seas around the British Isles and the major oceans. Models of the M 2 marine tides are convolved with Green's functions for appropriate radially stratified Earth models. The differences between the M 2 observations and the theoretical calculations are less than 0.6 μ gals and it is shown that these differences contain further information concerning the errors in the marine tide models. The M 2 marine tides on the north-west European continental shelf are reasonably well known and this allows a useful test of the feasibility of using tidal gravity measurements for the inverse ocean tide problem in areas where the ocean tides are less well known. The differential gravity loading signal between pairs of gravity stations is shown to be important for considerations of the uniqueness and accuracy of the inverse problem. M 2 tidal gravity loading maps for the British Isles and Europe have been produced which are of use in making corrections to various geodetic measurements. 相似文献
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为了研究南极现代地壳运动,中国在西南极菲尔德斯海峡地区布设了形变监测网,并用ＤＩ－２０测距仪和ＧＰＳ定位仪对该网进行了监测。同时,中国也参加了ＳＣＡＲ组织的全南极ＧＰＳ联测。本文讨论了将形变参数纳入误差方程的水平形变数据处理方法,并对刚体平移、旋转、均匀应变几种典型形变模型在测边网平差中的运用进行了讨论。通过对经典自由网与秩亏自由网的基准分析,提出对形变参数以及其它附加参数和点位参数分别给定参考基准的方法。相应于上述方法,编制了一系列数据处理程序并将之应用于对西南极菲尔德斯海峡形变监测网的数据分析。本文还利用监测网应变分析原理,对ＧＰＳ监测数据进行了讨论和分析,结果表明,菲尔德斯断裂地区存在微小的断裂剪切运动,但位移量不大。 相似文献