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1.
通过对沙溪矿区含矿与不含矿斑岩中斜长石斑晶的粒度统计，计算出平均矿物粒度（Ｓ）、矿物分布密度（Ｄ）及矿物分布均匀度（Ｈ）；再根据晶体大小分布理论（ＣＳＤ），计算出斜长石的晶体生长速率、成核密度及成核速率等岩浆结晶动力学参数；发现含矿斑岩较无矿斑岩有高的成核密度和成核速率，而晶体生长速率则较低；指出成分相近的斑岩在岩浆结晶动力学特征上的极细差别可能造成岩体含矿性明显不同。 相似文献
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对沙溪斑岩铜（金）矿矿区有关岩体斑晶矿物的显微特征和矿物化学研究显示：含矿斑岩成岩物质主要源于地幔，但在岩浆上侵过程中受到壳源组分混染，其暗色矿物富Ｍｇ、Ｔｉ、；无矿斑岩以壳源为主，暗色矿物富Ｆｅ；含矿班岩与无矿斑岩结晶动力学环境亦有所差别。 相似文献
4.
准噶尔盆地老山沟火山岩晶体粒度分布及其结晶动力学意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
摘 要 阐述了火山岩晶体粒度分布的基本原理和研究方法分析了老山沟火山岩斜长石、
辉石、橄榄石、铁钛氧化物的晶体粒度分布。前3种矿物在中间粒度处发生了有意义的弯折
原因是岩浆上升时过冷度增大。估算了岩浆房中斜长石、橄榄石的成核速率、结晶时间及上
升过程中处于结晶带的时间。研究表明在岩浆的演化过程中晶体的分离和累积作用及岩
浆的混合和对围岩的同化作用可以忽略。 相似文献
5.
甲玛超大型铜多金属矿床位于冈底斯成矿带东段,矿体主要包括矽卡岩型、斑岩型、角岩型和独立金矿体4种类型。矿床中酸性侵入体中广泛发育岩浆黑云母,部分岩体较发育角闪石。本文在全面开展矿区地质调查和详细的钻孔岩芯编录的基础上,对含矿二长花岗斑岩和含矿花岗闪长斑岩中的岩浆黑云母以及含矿花岗闪长斑岩中的角闪石开展了矿物学及矿物化学研究,以揭示其成岩成矿意义。研究结果表明,二长花岗斑岩和花岗闪长斑岩中的岩浆黑云母为镁质黑云母,具有富镁高钛、高铝低硅、富钾贫钠的特点。与花岗闪长斑岩相比,二长花岗斑岩中的岩浆黑云母具有较低的TiO2、FeOT、MgO、MnO、Na2O、BaO含量,较高的Al2O3和SiO2含量。花岗闪长斑岩中的角闪石属于阳起石,具有高硅低铝钛、富镁钙贫钠钾等特征。黑云母和角闪石温度计计算结果显示,含矿二长花岗斑岩中黑云母结晶温度为740.1~783.8℃,平均为762.4℃;含矿花岗闪长斑岩中黑云母结晶温度为750.3~766.9℃,平均为757.2℃;含矿花岗闪长斑岩中角闪石结晶温度为654.1~698.9℃,平均为680.3℃。黑云母和角闪石矿物化学特征指示,二长花岗斑岩和花岗闪长斑岩为造山带钙碱性岩系、Ⅰ型花岗岩,具有壳幔混源的特征。二长花岗斑岩和花岗闪长斑岩具有较高的氧逸度（NNO以上）及水含量,有利于铜、钼等成矿物质进入成矿流体中。 相似文献
6.
确定岩石中矿物成核速度,成核密度,晶体生长速度和结晶时间的CSD理论及应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
结晶岩类的热力学研究是岩石学研究的重要内容之一。本文介绍了结晶岩石中矿物
结晶过程，包括矿物成核密度、成核速度、晶体生长速度、结晶时间与晶体大小分布的关系即CSD理论以及岩浆冷却、喷发、混合，接触变质、区域变质等过程各自具有的CSD特征;并对CSD理
论、方法及其地质应用进行了评价:指出复杂的自然过程对CSD的影响，在定向构造发育较好的
岩石巾由二维晶体测定转向三维计算的改进方法以及GSD所具有的重要的年代学意义。 相似文献
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江西岩背含锡斑岩主要造岩矿物标型特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
江西会昌岩背Ｊ３－Ｋ１时期形成的火山穹窿由火山岩，次火山岩和侵入岩组成，大型斑岩型锡矿床赋存于含黄玉花岗斑岩与（次）流纹斑岩内外接触带上，成矿岩体花岗斑岩和花岗岩富Ｓｉ富Ｆ，其钾长石均为Ａｌ／Ｓｉ有序的低微斜长石，黑云母为含Ｌｉ富Ｆ的铁叶云母或黑鳞云母，具低Ｍｇ／ΣＦｅ（ＭＦ）值，所含岩浆晚期阶段结晶的黄玉，其成分接近于氟黄玉端元，并具有较短的ｂ轴，不同于玻利维亚Ｓｎ－Ｂ型，本区为Ｓｎ－Ｆ型，这是 相似文献
9.
陕南光石沟伟晶岩型铀矿床中长石矿物化学初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以光石沟伟晶岩型铀矿床中相关伟晶岩中的长石为研究对象,开展系统的矿物化学电子探针研究,结果显示其中的斜长石都属于更长石、钠长石,碱性长石均为透长石,运用二长石温度计计算出了四种类型伟晶岩的结晶温度。通过研究,认为4种类型伟晶岩具有岩浆演化关系,从不含矿黑云母伟晶岩-含矿黑云母伟晶岩-二云母伟晶岩-白云母伟晶岩,随着伟晶岩岩浆演化程度的增高,成岩结晶温度不断降低,岩浆逐渐向酸性演化,同时由于黑云母等富氟矿物的产出,导致晶质铀矿的沉淀而富集成矿。 相似文献
10.
岩石的晶体粒度分布(CSD)和结晶作用的动力学与力学(Ⅱ Makaopuhi熔岩湖) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
已把晶体粒度分布(CSD)理论用于夏威夷Kilauea火山Makaopuhi熔岩湖的岩心标本,采用稳态晶体布居平衡方程式: n=n~0exp(-L/Gr)测定了斜长石和Fe—Ti氧化物粒度分布范围并计算和分析了布居密度(n)ln(n)与晶体粒度(L)曲线的斜率确定参数Gr,即平均晶体生长速度(G)和平均晶体生长时间(r)的乘积;截距为J/G,J为成核速率。已知温度—深度分布为实际生长时间(r)提供了估计值,使我们可以确定与任何动力学模式无关的成核与生长速率。斜长石生长速率象斜长石成核速率那样(33.9～1.6×10~(-3)/cm~3)随结晶度增高而降低(9.9～5.4×10~(-11)cm/s)。铁铁矿生长与成核速率也随结晶度升高而降低(分别为4.9～3.4×10~(-10)cm/s和15—2.2×10~(-3)/cm~3s,J=7.6×10~(-2)/cm~3/s)。把布居密度函数矩用来检查结晶速率随时间的变化。初步结果暗示在接近50%结晶作用之后总晶体体积和时间近似呈线性关系;为了确定整个结晶史,对晶体<50%的物质必须有完整的一套样品,计算的结晶速率和实验数据对比说明熔岩湖的结晶作用发生于过冷却值极小的条件下。这种解释与以前提出岩浆冷却的热模型是一致的,该模型的热耗是通过保持平衡冷却的潜热产量平衡的。 相似文献
11.
Katharine V. Cashman 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1993,113(1):126-142
Rock textures commonly preserve a record of the near-surface crystallization history of volcanic rocks. Under conditions of simple cooling without convection or mixing, textures will reflect sample cooling rate, the temperature at which crystallization was initiated, and the distribution of mineral phase precipitation across the crystallization interval. Compilation of plagioclase size and number density data on natural (dike, sill and lava lake) and experimental samples suggests that (1) growth and nucleation rates of plagioclase in natural basaltic samples are a predictable function of cooling rate, and (2) the observed crystallization rate dependence on cooling rate is similar to that observed in experiments initiated at subliquidus temperatures. Comparison of natural and experimental samples thus suggests that most basalts crystallize under conditions of heterogeneous nucleation, with the number density of preexisting nucleii partially controlling textural responses to cooling rate changes. Time scales of crystallization and cooling in magmatic systems are intimately linked through a balance between heat removal from the system and heat evolved through crystallization. Evaluation of textural data in the context of recent numerical models of crystallization in simple (one- and two-component systems) provides new insight into regularities in the crystallization behavior of basaltic magmas. For example, the rate of change in crystal size (and number density, as dictated by mass balance) has been used as a measure of the relative importance of time scales of crystallization and cooling in numerical models of crystallizing systems. In natural samples, plagioclase size scales with the length scale of cooling such that a logarithmic plot of grain size as a function of normalized distance across the dike has a slope that appears approximately independent of dike width (solidification time). Comparison with available textural data for other phenocryst phases suggests that the same may be true for pyroxene and magnetite crystallization, with each phase having a characteristic slope probably controlled by the thermodynamic properties of the crystallizing phase. Measured crystal size distributions are unimodal and show maximum frequencies in the smaller size classes; distributions broaden and the grain size at peak frequency increases with increasing crystallization times (decreasing cooling rates). In contrast, partially crystallized Makaopuhi lava lake samples have crystal size distributions that decrease exponentially with increasing crystal size. Measured size distributions in dikes can be explained by late stage modification of Makaopuhi-type distributions through loss of small crystals, possibly the consequence of growth without nucleation. Finally, this compilation of the textural response of basaltic magmas to changes in cooling rate suggests that empirical calibrations of crystallization rate dependence on cooling rate from natural samples provide a reasonable model for plagioclase crystallization in near-surface basaltic systems. Predicted growth rates will be slow and relatively constant (10-10–10-11 cm/s) for crystallization times expected in most shallow volcanic systems (<1000 years). 相似文献
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P. Armienti M. T. Pareschi F. Innocenti M. Pompilio 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1994,115(4):402-414
The size distributions of crystals of olivine, plagioclase and oxides of the 1991/93 eruption at Mt. Etna (Italy) are analyzed. The simultaneous collection of this information for different minerals gives precious insight into the cooling history of lavas. Three distinct episodes are detectable: a storage of the magma in a deep reservoir, characterized by nearly constant and low nucleation and growth rates (near to equilibrium); an ascent phase, with an ever increasing nucleation rate related to volatile exsolution; and finally a quenching phase. In addition to geochemical and geophysical evidence, the similarity of the crystal size distributions of the present eruption with those of previous ones of this century makes it possible to exclude that crystal size distributions of Etnean lavas are due to mixing of different populations. This strongly suggests that the main features of the volcano feeding system have not changed despite observed variations in the magma output rates. 相似文献
13.
An Origin for Harrisitic and Granular Olivine in the Rum Layered Suite, NW Scotland: a Crystal Size Distribution Study 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
O'Driscoll Brian; Donaldson Colin H.; Troll Valentin R.; Jerram Dougal A.; Emeleus C. Henry 《Journal of Petrology》2007,48(2):253-270
Dendritic crystal morphologies occur in a number of igneousrocks and are thought to originate from the rapid growth ofcrystals, yet many examples of dendritic morphologies are foundin plutonic igneous rocks where cooling rates should be low.Results from crystal size distribution (CSD) measurements onharrisitic olivines from Rum, Scotland, combined with estimatedolivine growth rates, suggest that the characteristic skeletalhopper and branching olivines of harrisitic cumulates that areup to centimetres long, may have exceptionally short crystalgrowth times (several hours to several hundreds of days). This,together with very low calculated nucleation densities for harrisiticolivine, supports the interpretation of harrisite being a disequilibriumtexture, developed in response to supersaturation of the magmain olivine. We propose that this supersaturation arose throughundercooling of thin picrite sheets emplaced along the Rum magmachamber floor, beneath cooler resident magma. It is envisagedthat the picrite sheets were largely free of suspended olivinecrystals. Coupled with the olivine-enriched composition of themelt and the increasing cooling rate, this allowed homogeneousnucleation of olivine to set in at deeper undercooling and greaterolivine supersaturation than if there had been plentiful suspendedolivines to act as heterogeneous nuclei. The enhanced supersaturationcaused rapid growth of olivine once nucleation began, with skeletaland dendritic shapes. It is suggested that the observed, interlayeredsequences of harrisite and cumulus peridotite found throughoutthe Rum Layered Suite are a result of multiple episodes of harrisitecrystallization resulting from picrite emplacement that alternatedwith periods of crystal growth and accumulation in the mainbody of magma at lesser degrees of undercooling. KEY WORDS: crystal size distribution; harrisite; crystal growth rates; Rum Layered Suite 相似文献
14.
定量化火成岩结构分析将传统的定性或半定量化的岩相学研究提高到了与岩石地球化学分析相比拟的定量化程度,实现了诸如晶体粒度分布、晶体空间分布、晶体定向程度分析和二面角测量等方面的定量化研究。集中介绍了以上4种国际上应用广泛的定量化火成岩结构分析方法,包括各种研究方法的基本理论公式、岩浆动力学意义和实现方式。详细介绍了定量化火成岩结构分析中处于核心地位的晶体粒度分布理论,概括了二维岩石薄片法、三维连续剖面法和X射线层析技术,在定量化火成岩结构分析中的应用原理和现状。对晶体粒度分布分析中数据的封闭性和有效性检验进行了简要论述。综合阐述了晶体成核生长,晶体的聚集、分离和分解,岩浆混合,压滤、压熔和岩浆流动,结构的调整和平衡等一些基本的岩浆动力学过程中晶体粒度分布特征的表现。结合一些已发表的晶体粒度分布和晶体空间分布数据,简要概括了重要的基本定量化火成岩结构参数所表达的封闭和开放岩浆体系的特征,以及参数间协变关系所反映的岩浆固结动力学过程。最后给出了二维岩石光薄片分析法的基本流程和注意事项,认为今后定量化火成岩结构分析和地球化学分析结合在一起的综合方法,将成为研究成岩成矿动力学过程的重要手段,也将会逐步扩展到岩浆相关矿床中成岩成矿机制分析和成矿预测的方向。 相似文献
15.
西藏雄梅铜矿区含矿斑岩与非含矿斑岩成因对比研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
西藏雄梅铜矿床是近年来在班公湖_怒江成矿带中段新发现的一处斑岩铜矿床,该矿床的发现使得班公湖_怒江成矿带真正具备了"带"的概念,大大地拓宽了找矿远景。文章通过对雄梅铜矿区斑岩体的LA_ICP_MS锆石U_Pb定年,发现矿区存在2套斑岩:一套是前人测定的年龄为106.7 Ma的含矿斑岩;另一套是本文测定的非含矿斑岩,3个年龄分别是(121.8±2.3)Ma(MSWD=0.32)、(122.8±2.1)Ma(MSWD=1.16)、(121.5±2.5)Ma(MSWD=0.54)。两套斑岩的岩性虽然都是花岗闪长斑岩,但非含矿斑岩比含矿斑岩含有更多的钾长石,矿化强度大大减弱。岩石地球化学分析结果表明,两套斑岩虽然都富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)Rb、Ba、Th、U、K、Pb,亏损高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、Ta、Ti,具有碰撞后岩浆作用的共同特征,但在岩浆源区和成因上显示出明显的差异。含矿斑岩和非含矿斑岩均属于强过铝质S型花岗岩,然而前者源区组成为杂砂岩,后者源区则以泥质岩为主。岩浆分异过程中,含矿斑岩受斜长石和钾长石的分离结晶控制,非含矿斑岩则受钾长石和黑云母的分离结晶控制。 相似文献
16.
O. LEXA P. &#;TÍPSKÁ K. SCHULMANN L. BARATOUX A. KRÖNER 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2005,23(8):649-666
A structural, metamorphic and geochronological study of the Staré Město belt implies the existence of two distinct metamorphic events of similar peak P–T conditions (700–800 °C, 8–10 kbar) during the Cambro‐Ordovician and the Carboniferous tectonometamorphic events. The hypothesis of two distinct periods of metamorphism was suggested on the basis of structural discordance between an undoubtedly Carboniferous granodiorite sill intrusion and earlier Cambro‐Ordovician fabrics of a banded amphibolite complex. The analysis of crystal size distribution (CSD) shows high nucleation density (N0) and low average growth rate (Gt) for Carboniferous mylonitic metagabbros and mylonitic granodiorites. The parameter N0 decreases whereas the quantity Gt increases towards higher temperatures progressively approaching the values obtained from the Cambro‐Ordovician banded amphibolite complex. The spatial distribution of amphibole and plagioclase shows intense mechanical mixing for lower‐temperature mylonitic metagabbros. In high‐temperature mylonites a strong aggregate distribution is developed. Cambro‐Ordovician amphibolites unaffected by Carboniferous deformation show a regular to anticlustered spatial distribution resulting from heterogeneous nucleation of individual phases. This pattern, together with CSD, was subsequently modified by the grain growth and textural equilibration controlled by diffusive mass transfer during Carboniferous metamorphism. The differences between the observed textures of the amphibolites are interpreted to be a consequence of the different durations of the Carboniferous and Cambro‐Ordovician thermal events. 相似文献
17.
Abstract: The North granitic body of the Miyako pluton is located in the Northern Kitakami belt, Northeast Japan. The formation of the scheelite–chalcopyrite–magnetite–bearing aplitic veins and scheelite–chalcopyrite–magnetite–bearing Yamaguchi skarn deposit was closely associated with the formation of the Miyako plutons. Petrographic facies of the North granitic body vary from quartz diorite in marginal zone (zone A), to tonalite and granodiorite (zone B), and to granite (zone C) in the central. The large numbers of aplitic veins distributed around the Yamaguchi mining area are divided into two groups: barren and scheelite–mag–netite–chalcopyrite–bearing aplitic veins. The latter cut massive clinopyroxene skarns of the Yamaguchi deposit, and are composed of plagioclase, K‐feldspar and titanite. Some plagioclase crystals have dusty cores with irregularly shaped K‐feldspar flakes, and clear rims of albite. Textures of plagioclase in the mineralized aplitic veins are different from the idiomorphic textures with sharp plagioclase crystal boundaries that occur in the North granitic body and barren aplitic veins. These textural data suggest that the mineralized aplitic veins were formed from hydrothermal fluid. Changes in the contents of major and minor (Rb, Sr, Sc, Co, Th, U) elements in the North Miyako granitic body are similar to those of zoned plutons formed by typical magmatic differentiation processes. On the other hand, concentrations of REE, especially middle to heavy REE, of granitic rocks in zone C and barren aplitic veins are significantly lower than those of granitic rocks in zones A and B. The hypothetical chondrite‐normalized REE patterns, calculated assuming fractional crystallization from zone B granitic melt, suggest that REE concentrations of the residual melt increased with the degree of fractional crystallization, and changed into a pattern with enriched LREE and strongly negative Eu anomaly. However, the REE patterns of granitic rocks in zone C are different from the hypothetical patterns. Moreover, the REE patterns of magnetite–scheelite–chalcopyrite aplitic veins are quite different from those of granitic rocks. The Cu contents of granitic rocks in the North Miyako body increase from zone A (5–26 ppm) to zone B (10–26 ppm), and then clearly decrease to zone C (5–7 ppm) and drastically increase to the barren aplitic veins (39–235 ppm). Concentrations of Cu in the mineralized aplitic veins are also higher than those of the granitic rocks in zone C. The decrease in REE and Cu contents of granitic rocks from zone B to zone C is not a result of simple magmatic fractional differentiation. Fluid inclusions in quartz from mineralized aplitic veins contain 3.3 wt% NaCl equivalent and 5.8 wt% CO2. It was also demonstrated experimentally that the removal of MREE and HREE by fluid from melt enabled the formation of complexes of REE and ligands of OH‐ and CO32‐. Based on the possibility that the melt of the granitic rocks of zone C and the mineralized aplitic veins coexisted with CO2‐bearing fluid, it is thought that REE were extracted from the melt to the CO2‐bearing fluid, and that the REE in the mineralized aplitic veins were transported by the CO2‐bearing fluid. It is likely that the low HREE and Cu contents of the granitic rocks in zone C could have been caused by the removal of those elements from the granitic melt by the fluid coexisting with the melt. The expelled materials could have been the sources of scheelite–magnetite–chalcopyrite–bearing aplitic veins and copper mineralization of the Yamaguchi Cu‐W skarn deposit. 相似文献
18.
晶体粒度分布（CSD）是定量化分析火成岩和变质岩结构的重要手段。在变质岩中测量的CSD提供了有关变质过程中晶体成核和生长速率、生长时间的定量信息。文章选取内蒙古霍各乞二号矿床含矿富石榴石岩样品中石榴子石晶体为研究对象，在GIS软件和R语言的支持下，应用空间点模式分析、CSD分析、空间最邻近分析、空间多距离分析、Fry分析等综合方法，探讨了晶体空间数据和点空间数据表征的微结构变化特征，将CSD曲线分段变化记录的信息与地质演化历史联系起来。分段的CSD曲线记录了变质事件的叠加。不同形式的晶体粒度分布直接反映了区域变质岩与接触变质岩演化历史的差异。由于接触变质作用的高温阶段持续时间较短，因此产生的CSD曲线是线性的，不受退火的影响。而区域变质作用涉及长时间升温及其之后的冷却阶段，所以最初的线性CSD后来被退火改造为钟形曲线。含矿富石榴石岩样品的核密度和CSD分析结果显示了两个晶体群密度。分析认为一类晶体群可能与造山过程中的区域变质活动有关，另一类晶体群可能与大面积区域变质期后发生在特定位置的岩体侵入迅速升温的接触热变质事件有关。 相似文献