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敦煌伊塘湖沉积物有机碳同位素揭示的末次盛冰期以来湖面变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对甘肃敦煌伊塘湖沉积物进行了野外钻探采样,采用光释光测年技术确定了沉积物的年代,测定了总有机碳含量(TOC)、碳氮比(TOC/TN)和有机质稳定碳同位素组成(δ13℃org)等环境代用指标.结果表明,23ka至今,湖区沉积物δ13℃org在-27.84‰～-22.86‰之间变化,可与TOC对比.干旱气候条件下湖泊沉积物的δ13℃org变化主要受到沉水植物和挺水植物含量变化的控制,生长于较深水的沉水植物δ13Corg值偏正,而生长于较浅水的挺水植物δ13℃org值偏负;另外,部分时期有外源陆生植物产生的有机质输入,影响沉积物的碳同位素值.总体上,干旱区湖相沉积物δ13Crg值可指示湖水面的变化、间接指示气候干湿变化.δ13Corg变化的时间序列显示出明显的冰期-间冰期变化,从末次盛冰期到全新世暖期可将伊塘湖的环境演化分为4个阶段:23～ 13ka是一个气候不稳定时期,整体呈冷干并且湖面水位偏低,但后期有转暖的趋势;13～9ka为冰期向全新世暖期的过渡阶段;9～5ka整体湖面水位偏高、气候暖湿,含有短时间的干事件;5ka至今有变干的趋势.23ka以来,伊塘湖区的湖泊环境演化受全球大气环流与水汽输送路径控制. 相似文献
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江汉平原江陵剖面有机碳含量、碳同位素和磁化率的古气候意义 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
湖泊中的有机碳及其同位素与磁化率指标广泛应用于古气候的重建,但由于各地自然条件的差异,其气候意义具有一定的区域性.对江汉平原江陵剖面沉积物中磁化率参数、总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)及其碳同位素δ(13C)值影响因素与环境气候关系的研究结果表明:沉积物总有机碳(TOC)的变化与总氮(TN)呈正相关关系,而总有机碳(TOC)与同位素δ(13C)、磁化率值则呈负相关关系,其组合可以很好地反映江汉平原地区的环境演变.在暖湿期,沉积物中总有机碳、总氮较高,有机质的δ(13C)值偏负,磁化率偏低;反之,在凉干期,沉积物中总有机碳、总氮较低,有机质的δ(13C)值偏正,磁化率偏高.江汉平原地区6 000 a PB以来的古气候演化经历了3个阶段:即冷干-暖湿-凉干的变化过程. 相似文献
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湖泊沉积物中碳酸盐碳、氧和有机质碳同位素组成受湖泊环境介质的控制,可以有效地指示环境演化过程。通过对中国东北和西部青藏高原、新疆现代湖泊表层沉积物的碳酸盐的碳、氧同位素组成(δ13C、δ18O)、有机碳同位素组成(δ13Corg),以及有机质含量(TOC)、C/N分析研究,发现当湖泊中以浮游植物来源有机母质为主时,其δ13Corg为-30‰~-23‰;以硅藻为主的藻类来源时,δ13Corg为-30‰~-16‰;以挺水植物来源,δ13Corg为-30‰~-24‰;沉水植物来源,δ13Corg为-24‰~-16‰;以水生植物和陆生植物来源为主时,δ13Corg为-30‰~-20‰;当以陆生植物来源为主时,其δ13Corg为-26‰~-24‰。当西北地区半封闭湖泊表层沉积物中碳酸盐含量大于30%时,湖泊表现出δ13C、δ18O之间较好的正相关性,TOC主要以内源有机质来源为主。 相似文献
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新疆干旱区柴窝堡湖沉积记录的150年来气候环境特征 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1
通过乌鲁木齐附近柴窝堡湖钻孔岩芯的粒度、有机质含量、化学元素以及同位素等多项分析,开展了研究区近150年来的气候环境演化研究.通过沉积记录与器测气象资料比较,认为沉积物的有机质含量反映了流域降水的变化,而有机质碳同位素的变化则与温度相关.在运用有序样品最优聚类分析对沉积物地球化学元素序列进行阶段划分的基础上,综合粒度、有机质含量以及同位素等多环境代用指标的分析,恢复了不同阶段的气候环境信息.结果表明,1860～1910A.D.,各环境指标显示当时湖泊水位较高,湖水较深,显示偏冷、偏湿的气候环境特征.1910～1950A.D.,粒度、地球化学元素、有机质、磁化率等指标波动明显,虽然有机碳同位素值有所升高,但仍然总体偏负,显示该阶段湖泊环境总体上波动强烈,气候不稳定.其中约1920A.D.左右,粒度显示突然变化,有机碳同位索、烧失量、元素含量等也均发生了显著的波动,指示明显气候环境事件的存在.1950A.D.以来,钻孔岩芯的磁化率升高,重金属元素含量以及总磷含量呈现明显富集,而有机质及其碳同位素变化却与器测温度和降水变化一致,指示了近期气候和人类活动对湖泊环境的影响. 相似文献
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中国西北干旱区湖泊沉积物中有机质碳同位素组成的环境意义--以民勤盆地三角城古湖泊为例 总被引：25，自引：14，他引：11
通过对中国西北干旱区石羊河流域民勤盆地三角城古湖泊沉积物有机质碳同位素组成(δ13Corg)分析,表明末次冰期与全新世时气候和植被有明显的差异,末次冰期δ13Corg总体偏轻(-30‰～-25‰),而全新世碳同位素组成则有较大的变化,在早全新世碳同位素组成有多次短期快速变重(-10‰左右)的变化,中全新世碳同位素组成总体偏重(-20‰～-10‰),晚全新世碳同位素组成偏轻(-25‰左右)。分析表明湖泊沉积物有机质碳同位素组成反映了陆生C3植物和湖泊内源水生植物变化的关系,末次冰期以来西北干旱区C4植物不发育,偏重的有机质碳同位素值与C4植物无关。从沉积物中有机质组分、元素等分析表明,末次冰期时主要以河流相沉积为主,湖泊中有机质主要来源于上游祁连山的陆生C3植物,有机碳含量较低,表明当时的上游的陆生植被不繁盛,区域气候较干冷;从全新世开始,三角城古湖泊开始形成,沉积物中碳同位素组成偏重的有机质主要来源于湖泊中的沉水植物,此时湖泊水体较大,湖泊生产力较高。而沉积物中有机质碳同位素组成偏轻时期的有机质主要来源于挺水植物、陆生C3植物,较低的有机碳含量说明该时期陆生植被不发育,气候较干冷,湖泊水体较小 相似文献
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日本大沼湖沉积物碳氮比值、有机碳同位素特征及其近400年的古气候环境意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对日本大沼湖沉积物样品总有机碳含量(TOC)及其稳定同位素、总氮含量(TN)和C/N值的测定,结合沉积岩芯火山灰和1℃年代,分析了大沼湖沉积物中有机质的来源,探讨了沉积物有机碳同位素的主要影响因素.结果表明:大沼湖沉积物中有机质主要来源于自生藻类,受陆源输入的影响较小;沉积物δ13C值指示了夏季温度的变化.过去400年来,大沼湖地区存在1660～ 1730年和1780～ 1860年两个明显的冷期,与邻近地区冰芯、树轮和湖泊沉积物记录的冷期基本一致,分别对应于Maunder和Dalton太阳黑子极小期. 相似文献
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渤海东海海洋沉积物中碳氮稳定同位素标准物质研制 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
海洋沉积物中碳氮稳定同位素因其能够确定有机质的来源,有助于了解碳循环、气候变化、有机质迁移转化而备受关注,但其分析测试过程中尚缺乏海洋沉积物碳氮稳定同位素标准物质进行质量监控。本文依据ISO导则35和国家《一级标准物质技术规范》(JJG1006—1994),研制了三个海洋沉积物碳氮稳定同位素标准物质(MSCNI-1、MSCNI-2和MSCNI-3),候选物样品分别采自我国渤海锦州湾湿地、东海闽浙近岸和东海冲绳海槽,定值组分为总碳氮同位素(δ~(13)C-TC、δ~(15)N-TN)和有机碳氮同位素(δ~(13)C-C~(org)、δ~(15)N-N~(org)),定值方法采用元素分析-同位素比值质谱法(EA-IRMS)多家实验室协同定值。经检验,三个标准物质候选物均匀性良好,一年内定值组分均无显著变化,具有良好的稳定性;δ~(13)C和δ~(15)N的标准不确定度分别小于0.15%和0.24%,标准值和标准不确定度合理。该套标准物质是我国以海底沉积物为介质的基体型碳氮稳定同位素标准物质,定值方法准确可靠,可供海洋、地质及环境等相关领域实验室用于仪器校准、方法评价和质量监控等。 相似文献
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通过对达则错沉积岩心有机质碳同位素（δ13C）和碳氮比（C/N）的分析,结合岩心浮游生物记录、营养盐记录以及温度和降水记录,探讨了过去一千年达则错沉积物有机质δ13C的气候环境指示意义.结果表明,达则错沉积物有机质主要以湖泊自生的水生生物碎屑混合物为主;过去一千年,达则错在受人类活动显著影响之前,气候变化是影响沉积物有机质δ13C形成的主要因素,在1050~1200 AD和1450~1650 AD气候寒冷干燥时段有机质δ13C值显著偏重,反之则相反;过去150年,湖泊沉积物有机质δ13C显著偏重,主要受人类活动导致湖泊营养盐浓度变化影响.本研究还表明对于营养结构较为单一,且西藏拟溞为绝对优势动物物种的半对流型湖泊,应用C/N值判断湖泊有机质来源是不可靠的,需要综合湖泊地理背景谨慎判断. 相似文献
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巢湖富营养化过程的沉积记录 总被引：33，自引：3，他引：30
土地利用和人类活动加剧所导致的营养元素输入的增加是引起湖泊富营养化趋势增强的重要原因。巢湖沉积钻孔柱状样中总有机碳和总氮自20世纪70年代以来呈明显升高趋势,分别增加了2.5、2.9倍。由柱状样中的TOC/TN比值、TARHC、OEP判断得出,19世纪末到20世纪40年代中期TOC是陆源和内源两种来源并重;20世纪40年代中期到20世纪70年代初期以陆源为主,并可能存在石油污染;20世纪70年代以来沉积物有机质中藻类来源的有机质占主要地位。巢湖沉积柱状样的研究表明20世纪70年代以来巢湖富营养化开始恶化。 相似文献
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Lacustrine sediments can provide potential information about environmental changes in the past. On the basis of high-resolution multi-proxy analysis including carbon and nitrogen contents of organic matter, C/N ratios, inorganic carbon contents, and carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of carbonate, together with precise 137Cs dating, the environmental evolution of Lake Chenghai, Yunnan Province, during the past 100 years has been investigated. It is shown that the carbonate in Lake Chenghai is authigenic, and the organic matter is mainly derived from aquatic plants and algae, instead of terrestrial-source materials. The environmental evolution of Lake Chenghai can be diverged into three periods with the contrasting characteristics during the past 100 years. Before 1940, the stable carbon and oxygen isotope values, the poor correlation between them and the lower carbon and nitrogen contents of organic matter suggested that Lake Chenghai was open, and the lake water was oligotrophic during that period. During 1940-1993, the negative δ13C values and the gradual increase of carbon and nitrogen contents of organic matter and C/N ratios indicated that the eutrophication was aggravated. The closeness of Lake Chenghai and human activities may be responsible for this eutrophication. After 1993, notable increases in carbon and oxygen isotopic values of carbonate, carbon and nitrogen contents of organic matter, C/N ratios and inorganic carbon contents demonstrated that the increase of lacustrine productivity and the serious eutrophication were resulted from strong human activities. Therefore, the multi-proxy in Lake Chenghai sediments has reliably recorded the natural environmental evolution and the impacts from human activities. 相似文献
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哈素海沉积物中氮和有机质的分布特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
针对哈素海富营养化日趋严重的现实,系统开展了湖泊沉积物中不同形态氮及有机质的空间分布和污染特征研究。结果表明,表层沉积物中TN、Org N、NH+4 N及有机质的水平分布均表现经向分异特征,Org N的分布特征主导了TN的水平分布格局,有机质与TN具有强相关性。沉积柱芯中TN随深度增加而递减,有机质和Org N与TN的垂向分布相似,尽管 NH+4 N的垂直变化分异较大,但仍表现于表层富集的特点。Org N为表层沉积物和沉积柱芯中氮的主导形态,NH+4 N为无机氮的主导形态,成岩过程中,沉积物中TN只有极少部分在发生矿化。沉积物中有机质主要来源于湖中芦苇等大型挺水植物及陆源输入。哈素海表层沉积物的氮污染对底栖生物已经产生了严重的生态毒性效应,对底栖生物群落及整个水生生态系统构成了严重威胁。 相似文献
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长江中下游不同类型湖泊沉积物营养盐 蓄积变化过程及其原因分析* 总被引：7，自引：10，他引：7
在长江中下游的洪湖、太湖、巢湖采集了沉积柱样,测定了总有机碳、总氮、磷,并采用210 Pb和137 Cs定年。洪湖1950年以来沉积物中营养元素急剧增加,巢湖在20世纪70年代以来营养元素开始增加,而在太湖中则为80年代。结果表明草型湖中有机质增加比藻型湖迅速,洪湖湖泊沉积物有机质迅速增加与围垦活动开始时间一致。沉积物中总磷的变化不如总有机碳、总氮的变化规律性明显。洪湖两钻孔总磷背景值为0.7~0.8g/kg,太湖钻孔其总磷本底为0.6g/kg,梅梁湾大量钻孔表明总磷本底在0.5g/kg;巢湖的则更低。对比湖泊类型来看,目前为藻型湖的沉积本底磷偏低,而目前为草型湖的沉积本底磷偏高,这可能与不同生态类型湖泊营养元素的生物地球化学循环与积累的方式有关。 相似文献
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长江中下游典型湖泊近代环境变化研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
选择长江中下游的典型湖泊洪湖、巢湖、石臼湖和太湖,采集了沉积柱样,测定了总有机碳、总氮、总磷,并采用210Pb和137Cs定年以研究湖泊近代环境演变。根据洪湖137Cs蓄积峰得到过去50 a里洪湖沉积速率经历了一个由慢到快再变慢的过程,1963~1986年之间沉积速率最大,达0.174 cm/a,这可能是因为当时湖区大规模开垦有关。巢湖钻孔核素的研究发现20世纪70年代以来随着深度的减少,巢湖钻孔中沉积通量在增加,可能与流域内水土流失逐步加重有关。对营养盐的分析表明,洪湖50年代以来沉积物中营养元素急剧增加,巢湖70年代以来营养元素开始增加,在太湖中体现为80年代,石臼湖中则为近百年来营养元素开始快速增加。从营养盐增加的幅度来看,草型湖的洪湖、石臼湖要大于藻型的巢湖以及太湖藻型区域。本文尝试利用总有机碳、总磷获取了湖泊环境变化的速率。研究表明总有机碳和总磷的变化速率存在波动性,这可能与湖泊的自我调节有关。而总有机碳的变化速率在最近时间阶段内基本呈正值,对于洪湖来说在80年代初,石臼湖在1970年左右,太湖在80年代初,巢湖在60年代。总有机碳、总磷变化速率的振荡幅度与周期也许对理解当今湖泊处于何种位置,由此采取何种湖泊管理手段提供重要认识。 相似文献
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Application of allochthonous organic carbon and phosphorus forms in the interpretation of past environmental conditions 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Changwei Lü Jiang He Huimin Sun Hongxi Xue Ying Liang Saruli Bai Ying Sun Lili Shen Qingyun Fan 《Environmental Geology》2008,55(6):1279-1289
Organic matter in sediments, for instance, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, can be used to reconstruct the paleoecological
and pollution history of lakes and their catchment basins. In this paper, the contents of allochthonous organic carbon (allochthonous
OC) and autochthonous organic carbon (autochthonous OC) in sediment cores taken from Wuliangsuhai Lake and Daihai Lake in
northern China are quantified by using a binary model, and phosphorus forms in the sediment cores from the two lakes are extracted
by sequential extraction techniques. The results indicate that the palaeoenvironment and paleoclimate of Daihai Lake and
its catchment basin in the recent 250 years can be well reconstructed based on the content of allochthonous OC. The climate
was relatively humid and warm in the period of 1865–2005, while relatively dry and cold in the period of 1765–1865. The sedimentary
information of allochthonous OC in the 22–42-cm portion of the sediment cores in Daihai Lake corresponds to the final cold
fluctuation of the Little Ice Age that occurred since the Middle Holocene. The difference of phosphorus forms in the sediment
cores between the two lakes indicates that phosphorus input to the lakes and the correlation between phosphorus forms and
distribution and the changes of environment are influenced by the eutrophication mechanisms and environmental conditions of
the two lakes. 相似文献
17.
SHAN JIANG XIAODONG LIU JING SUN LINXI YUAN LIGUANG SUN YUHONG WANG 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2011,40(3):468-480
Jiang, S., Liu, X., Sun, J., Yuan, L., Sun, L. & Wang, Y. 2011: A multi‐proxy sediment record of late Holocene and recent climate change from a lake near Ny‐Ålesund, Svalbard. Boreas, Vol. 40, pp. 468–480. 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2010.00198.x. ISSN 0300‐9483 The Arctic constitutes a unique and important environment with a significant role in the dynamics and evolution of the earth system. Arctic lake sediments, which accumulate slowly over time, contain abundant information about the biological communities that lived within the water body, as well as in the surrounding catchment. In this study, we collected a sediment core from Ny‐Ålesund, Svalbard, performed multi‐proxy analyses on sediment pigments, mineral magnetic susceptibility, various sediment quality (i. e. organic matter content, CaCO3 content, carbon and nitrogen isotope), and diatom composition, and reconstructed the history of ecosystem responses to environmental variations, especially regarding aquatic productivity and lake catchment surface processes. Ny‐Ålesund has undergone distinct ecological and climatic changes. During the Little Ice Age, the cold climate was unfavourable for the growth of lake algae, and therefore the lake primary productivity declined. After about AD 1890 and during the 20th century, the warming climate and reduced ice cover led to rapid lithological change and growth of lake algae, enhanced lake primary productivity, and increased input of nutrients derived from increased chemical weathering into the lake. The lake ecosystem on Ny‐Ålesund has had rapid responses to climatic and environmental changes in the Arctic. 相似文献
18.
YONGBO WANG ENLOU ZHANG WEIWEI SUN JIE CHANG XINGQI LIU ZHENYU NI DONGLIANG NING 《第四纪科学杂志》2019,34(6):463-474
A continuous sediment record since 12.3 cal ka bp from Lake Wuxu (south‐eastern Tibetan Plateau) was investigated in terms of the Holocene evolution of the Indian Summer Monsoon. The molar C/N ratio and stable C isotope were used to identify the source of the organic matter as well as climate conditions. The evolution of Lake Wuxu was summarized wihtin two periods. During the first period (early to mid‐Holocene), the lake received increased fluvially transported materials, reflecting variation in the summer monsoon with solar insolation. The lake level declined and water residence time increased because of reduced river discharge during the second period (late Holocene) corresponding to a weakening of the summer monsoon. The organic material revealed a major contribution from lake primary productivity, which showed identical patterns with a high‐resolution isotope record from Dongge Cave, as well as total solar irradiance. Our record from Lake Wuxu indicates that the Holocene evolution of the Indian Summer Monsoon has been driven by the solar forcing at decadal/centennial to millennial time scales. Furthermore, an abrupt decline in the monsoon was detected at around 4.0 cal ka bp , which is probably caused by an increased frequency of EI Nino‐Southern Oscillation events. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
Xiangchao Chen Muhua Feng Fan Ke Jizheng Pan Fan Fan Yarui Wang Wenchao Li 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2018,24(1):55-77
The source, quantity and quality of sedimentary organic matter (SOM) were investigated in the surface sediments of Lake Fuxian, a deep oligotrophic lacustrine system in China. Granulometry, biochemical organic composition, bulk organic proxies and their stable isotopes were determined in the surface sediments (0–4 cm). The values of δ13C, δ15N and atomic ratio of total organic carbon to total nitrogen (TOC/TN) indicated that the sediments in the large partial lake were influenced by autochthonous organic matter. The concentrations of TOC, protein (PRT) and total hydrolysable amino acids may be mainly modulated by phytodetritus sinking from euphotic zones since they correlated significantly with chlorins. Otherwise, the lack of correlation between chlorins concentrations and carbohydrate (CHO) and lipid (LIP) indicated that the latter may have an additional terrestrial source. The highest sediment quantity was found in the deepest station NC owing to its fine sediment. Stations near northwestern shore accumulated more SOM than other littoral stations, which was in accordance with sewage discharge strength. Degradation quality indices, such as chlorin index, degradation index, PRT/CHO, and LIP/CHO, were in general agreement in showing the degraded status of SOM in Lake Fuxian. No clear spatial patterns were found in sediment degradation quality, which may be influenced by bottom oxygen concentration in the deep stations. 相似文献
20.
Multi-parameter studies (stable isotopes in carbonate and organic matter, pigment,organic carbon and nitrogen contents) from a 660-yr continuous sediment core from Lake Cheng-hai, a closed, eutropic lake in southern China, provide information on lake historical eutrophi-cation. During the last 660 years, great changes have taken place in productivity and eutrophi-cation of Lake Chenghai in response to human activities. In 1690, the productivity of the lakebegan to increase as Lake Chenghai became closed from agriculture in the lake‘‘ s watershed. In 1942, Lake Chenghai evolved to eutrophic state, marked by an increase in organic carbon, ni-trogen, CaC03, pigment contents and obvious negative values of stable isotopes, which is more or less simultaneous with the large-scale population immigration during the period. In 1984, in-tensive human activities induced modern lacustrine productivity and eutrophic level. Human-in-duced trophic changes during the past few decades have affected the Lake Chenghai ecosystem tosuch an extent that it has never experienced before in the last 660 years. 相似文献