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英国、欧洲和澳大利亚的海洋科技计划 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
1 英国海洋科学技术发展战略 英国自然环境研究委员会(NERC)海洋科学技术委员会(MSTB)2000年提出今后5年～10年海洋科学技术发展战略,包括海洋资源可持续利用和海洋环境预报两方面的科技计划。 1.1 海洋资源可持续利用 相似文献
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《海洋开发与管理》2006,23(6):F0003-F0003
厦门市位于台湾海峡西岸、福建省南部,全市海域面积390km2,海岸线长度234km,海岸曲折,湾中有湾,湾中有岛,自然条件优越,海洋资源丰富,拥有活化石美称的厦门文昌鱼、国家一级保护动物中华白海豚等珍稀和经济价值高的海洋物种60余种。海洋是厦门最大的优势。几年来,厦门市海洋与渔业局全面落实科学发展现,坚持以海洋资源可持续利用为目标,全面实施海洋功能区划,开展用海结构调整,加快海洋资源资产化管理步伐,实施海洋资源有效保护和科学利用并举措施,大力发展海洋经济,促进了海洋资源的可持续利用和海洋生态环境的有效保护。探索建立了“立法… 相似文献
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实施科技兴海战略,发展海洋高新技术产业,这既是发展海洋经济的重要途径,也是科技兴海的重要目标。要以高新科技为支撑,合理开发和利用海洋资源,切实保护海洋生态环境,实现海洋资源环境的可持续利用和海洋高新技术产业的协调发展。 相似文献
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实施科技兴海战略,发展海洋高新技术产业,这既是发展海洋经济的重要途径,也是科技兴海的重要目标。要以高新科技为支撑,合理开发和利用海洋资源,切实保护海洋生态环境,实现海洋资源环境的可持续利用和海洋高新技术产业的协调发展。一、海洋科技发展的现状与问题海洋是宁波的一大特色,也是宁波的一大优势。宁波的海域面积大于陆域面积,拥有港、渔、景、涂四大海洋资源优势。发展海洋高新技术产业,是开发海洋资源,发展海洋经济的重要途径。“九五”期间是宁波市海洋经济发展的最快时期,海洋资源开发步伐加快,科学研究进一步深入,… 相似文献
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一、海洋资源与海洋资源环境,海洋资源是指存在于海洋及海底地壳中,人类必须付出代价才能够得到的物质与能量的总和。按照海洋资源的自然属性,可以把海洋资源分为海洋生物资源、海水化学资源、海底矿产资源、海洋空间资源、海洋再生能源。按照海洋资源的形成方式,可以把海洋资源分为可再生资源和非再生资源。从理论上来说,海洋可再生资源是可持续利用的海洋资源,海洋非再生资源的可持续利用难度比较大,是难以长久的,除非寻找到替代品。而再生海洋资源又可分为两类：第一类海洋资源的流动或转化基本上与人类目前的利用水平无关,它们主要包括海洋再生能源、海水化学资源; 相似文献
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举国瞩目的《中华人民共和国海域使用管理法》已于２００２年１月１日正式实施了，这不仅是我国海洋立法史上的重要里程碑，而且对我省海洋经济持续、快速、健康发展，保障海洋资源的可持续利用必将产生巨大的影响和作用。河北是我国沿海省市之一，拥有海岸线４８７km，海岸带总面积１１３７９．８８km２，潮间带１１６７．９km２，浅海６４５５．６km２，海岛１３２个，面积８．４３km２，构成了我省极其丰富的海洋资源。河北省海洋资源具有以下特点：第一，位于环渤海经济圈的中心地带，南北相邻海洋科技力量雄厚、海洋经济发达的山东和辽… 相似文献
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The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level. 相似文献
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We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances
using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium
partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and
in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority
accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative
abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability. 相似文献
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We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the
Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of
rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the
transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic
regime of the sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
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V. A. Ivanov S. P. Lyubartseva N. Mikhailova N. B. Shapiro 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(6):509-524
We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an
ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics
is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of
a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic
elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as
a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water
area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the
shelf zone and open sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
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Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry
dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly
goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with
the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then
passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state. 相似文献
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Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m3 from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m3 on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area. 相似文献
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The methodology and the first results of the computations of the volumes, masses, and growth rates of the sedimentary body of the buried Black Sea basin are presented. Their temporal evolution reflects the regional paleogeodynamics, in particular, the reorientation of the vector of the relative movement of the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and the related intensification of their collision in the late Miocene-Pliocene. 相似文献
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E. L. Vinogradova 《Oceanology》2008,48(4):483-492
The spatiotemporal variability of the hydrochemical composition of the riverine runoff in nearmouth areas is presented using the example of selected rivers of the Arctic Basin. The temporal dynamics of the riverine nutrient runoff are mainly determined by the seasonal and interseasonal variations in the drainage basins. The spatial variations in the chemical composition of riverine waters in the near-mouth areas are mainly caused by the dynamics of the water flow and the river bed relief and, to a lesser degree, by biochemical processes. It is shown that the variations in the nutrient composition of the waters in near-mouth areas are comparable in magnitude to those at the river-sea geochemical barriers. 相似文献
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I. E. Timchenko A. A. Primalenny V. D. Yarin E. F. Vasechkina E. M. Igumnova 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(4):367-378
We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of
the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption
(fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by
the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with
application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem,
which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge,
water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.).
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
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Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Analysis of the temporal variations of the virtual heights of the sporadic E layer (h?ES) determined from ionograms with increased accuracy (1... 相似文献