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1.
本文研究了不同浓度Cu2+(0、1、2、4、8、12μmol/L)对菹草无菌苗多胺(PAs)及活性氧代谢的影响.结果表明,随着Cu2+处理浓度的升高:(1)菹草无菌苗植株的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性逐渐上升,过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性则表现为先升后降;(2)超氧阴离子(O2.-)产生速率逐渐增大,过氧化氢(H2O2)和丙二醛(MDA)有所积累,可溶性蛋白含量降低;(3)游离态多胺含量与多胺总含量的变化一致,均表现为腐胺(Put)含量先升后降,亚精胺(Spd)含量逐渐降低,精胺(Spm)含量逐渐上升;游离态多胺(Spd+Spm)/Put的比值在高浓度Cu2+胁迫时迅速上升;结合态Put和Spm的含量变化与游离态的变化一致,而结合态Spd的含量与对照相比均略有上升;束缚态Put和Spd含量先升后降,而Spm含量则逐渐降低;(4)精氨酸脱羧酶(ADC)、多胺氧化酶(PAO)和二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性均表现为先升后降,而鸟氨酸脱羧酶(ODC)活性变化不明显.可见,Cu2+对菹草无菌苗造成了明显的氧化胁迫,抗氧化酶活性的升高,Spm含量的升高,Put向Spd和Spm的转化以及不同状态多胺之间的转化,在菹草无菌苗抵抗Cu2+胁迫过程中发挥着重要的作用. 相似文献
2.
本文以组织培养技术培养的菹草无菌苗为实验材料,研究了2 mmol/L外源鸟氨酸(L-Orn)对40μmol/L镉(Cd)胁迫下菹草体内Cd含量、光合色素水平、超氧阴离子(O·-2)产生速率、过氧化氢(H2O2)、丙二醛(MDA)与可溶性蛋白含量以及脯氨酸和多胺代谢的影响.结果显示:(1)在单一Cd胁迫下,菹草体内的Cd大量积累,达到335.00μg/g,并诱导了明显的氧化胁迫,具体表现为O·-2产生速率以及H2O2和MDA含量显著升高,可溶性蛋白以及光合色素含量明显下降.外源L-Orn的添加很大程度上抑制了菹草体内Cd的积累,Cd含量降至232.50μg/g,并降低了活性氧(ROS)水平,减轻了膜脂过氧化程度,减缓了光合色素和可溶性蛋白的分解.(2)在单一Cd胁迫下,伴随着吡咯啉-5-羧酸合成酶(P5CS)活性的增加和脯氨酸脱氢酶(ProDH)活性的下降,菹草体内的脯氨酸含量轻微增加,仅为对照组的1.91倍,而外源L-Orn显著增强了P5CS和δ-鸟氨酸转氨酶(OAT)的活性,使脯氨酸含量大幅度升高,为对照组的8.36倍.(3)单一Cd胁迫分别通过激活精氨酸脱羧酶(ADC)、鸟氨酸脱羧酶(ODC)和多胺氧化酶(PAO)的活性,使腐胺(Put)的含量增加,亚精胺(Spd)和精胺(Spm)含量减少.而施用外源L-Orn后,ADC和ODC的活性进一步增强,Put的含量大幅增加,并促进Put向Spd和Spm的转化,同时PAO的活性下降,使Spd和Spm含量增加,从而使总多胺含量增加.由此可见,外施L-Orn可通过抑制Cd的进入和参与调节脯氨酸以及多胺代谢,抑制ROS的积累、膜脂过氧化、光合色素以及蛋白质的分解,一定程度上增强菹草对Cd胁迫的抗性. 相似文献
3.
采用营养液水培的方法,研究不同镍(Ni)添加浓度(0、0.05、0.10、0.15、0.20 mmol/L)对水鳖(Hydrocharis dubia)叶片中Ni元素积累、营养元素(Ca、Mg、K、Fe和Mn)含量、氧化胁迫和抗氧化系统的影响.结果显示:(1)叶片中Ni含量以浓度依赖的方式增加;(2)叶片中营养元素含量(Ca、Mg、K、Fe、Mn)也受影响,其中Ca、Mg含量随Ni浓度增加而显著上升;K含量随Ni浓度增加有所升高,但不显著;Mn含量虽在较大Ni浓度时有所下降,但处理组始终高于对照组;而Fe含量则随Ni浓度增加而下降;(3)Ni胁迫诱导了明显的氧化胁迫,主要表现为:O·-2产生速率以及过氧化氢和丙二醛含量显著升高,可溶性蛋白以及光合色素含量明显下降;(4)随着Ni浓度的升高,过氧化物酶活性逐渐升高,过氧化氢酶活性呈下降趋势,超氧化物歧化酶活性在Ni添加浓度为0.05 mmol/L时出现短暂升高随后下降;维生素E和黄酮含量随Ni浓度增加呈缓慢上升趋势;还原型谷胱甘肽未发生明显变化,非蛋白巯基和植物络合素含量均表现为先升后降的趋势;总抗氧化能力随Ni浓度升高先增强后减弱.由此可见,Ni添加引起水鳖叶片中Ni元素的累积和营养元素含量变化,同时产生明显的氧化胁迫,打破了抗氧化系统的平衡. 相似文献
4.
对Cr6+胁迫条件下不同pH处理对菹草无菌苗元素、光合色素、活性氧、丙二醛、抗氧化酶、脯氨酸(Pro)及多胺(PAs)含量的影响进行研究,以探讨不同pH处理影响水生植物Cr6+毒害效应的机制.结果表明:(1)偏酸性pH处理加剧菹草对铬的蓄积,而pH为7.0时Cr6+胁迫所造成的矿质元素失衡有所减弱;(2)Cr6+胁迫下pH为6.0~8.0的处理延缓了菹草的失绿症状,促进了光合色素的合成;(3)Cr6+胁迫下菹草超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶的活性在pH为6.0和7.0的处理组诱导程度最小;(4)Cr6+胁迫下pH为6.0和7.0处理的菹草Pro含量显著提高;(5)pH为4.0和5.0的处理使腐胺(Put)含量显著提高,而pH为6.0和7.0的处理则促进亚精胺(Spd)含量及游离态(Spd+Spm)/Put比值上升,精胺(Spm)含量总体趋势为随pH值升高而逐步上升,仅在pH为4.0和5.0的处理组中低于Cr6+胁迫对照组.因此,pH条件可影响菹草对铬及营养元素的积累,抗氧化酶、Pro、PAs代谢等生理生化过程,导致铬毒性效应差异.在pH为6.0~7.0的范围内,菹草能调节抗氧化酶系统,较有效地清除体内活性氧,提高机体中Pro、PAs含量及游离态(Spd+Spm)/Put比值,减轻膜系统脂质过氧化,维持机体内矿质元素平衡,致使毒性效应达到最小程度. 相似文献
5.
外源ASA对菹草(Potamogeton crispus)抗Cd2+毒害的实验分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
实验以高等水生沉水植物菹草为材料,研究在不同浓度Cd^2 毒害条件下外施乙酰水杨酸(ASA)对菹草叶中叶绿素含量、可容性蛋白含量、O2^v产生速率、保护酶——超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响结果表明,施用ASA可以显著提高叶绿素和可溶性蛋白的含量,增强保护酶的活性,降低O2^v产生速率、从而减轻了重金属Cd^2 胁迫对植物体造成的伤害． 相似文献
6.
以组织培养的菹草无菌苗为实验材料,研究了外源Ca(NO3)2的添加对汞(Hg)胁迫下菹草体内Hg积累、矿质元素、光合色素、活性氧、丙二醛(MDA)、维生素C(VC)、维生素E(VE)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)以及多胺(PAs)代谢产生的影响效应机制.结果表明:(1)Hg胁迫下,菹草体内Hg大量积累,达165.79μg/g(FW),并伴随矿质元素P、K、Fe、Mg和Na含量的明显降低.外源Ca(NO3)2的添加很大程度上可抑制菹草体内Hg积累,使其降至110.15μg/g(FW),并减轻Hg胁迫所造成的元素失衡;(2)Hg胁迫使菹草体内光合色素含量及叶绿素a/b值大幅降低,并诱导积累大量超氧阴离子、过氧化氢及MDA,同时VC、VE和GSH含量显著提升.外源Ca(NO3)2的添加则减缓了菹草体内光合色素的分解,降低活性氧水平,减轻了膜脂过氧化程度,更使VC、VE及GSH含量在一定程度上恢复到正常水平;(3)Hg胁迫下,伴随着多胺氧化酶、二胺氧化酶和精氨酸脱羧酶活性的显著提升以及鸟氨酸脱羧酶活性的降低,导致菹草体内腐胺(Put)、精胺(Spm)含量明显降低,亚精胺(Spd)含量及游离态(Spd+Spm)/Put比值轻微增加.而外源Ca(NO3)2添加后,菹草通过调节体内PAs代谢酶活性,改变了Hg胁迫下PAs含量变化,主要表现为Put、Spm含量回升显著,游离态(Spd+Spm)/Put比值进一步升高.综上所述,外源Ca的添加可抑制Hg的吸收并参与调节多胺代谢,通过内源多胺含量的改变抑制了植物体内活性氧的积累、膜脂过氧化、光合色素及抗氧化物质的分解,增强菹草无菌苗对重金属Hg的耐受力,对减轻植物Hg胁迫有重要作用. 相似文献
7.
以菹草(Potamogeton crispus L.)无菌苗为实验材料,研究其在不同浓度汞(Hg2+)的胁迫下,光合色素含量、叶绿体自发荧光强度、ATP酶活性及相关矿质营养元素(Ca、Mg、Na、K、Fe)的含量变化以及可溶性蛋白含量的变化,以探讨Hg2+胁迫对菹草无菌苗光合系统及相关生理指标变化的影响.研究表明:随着Hg2+浓度的增加,各种光合色素的含量均呈现下降的趋势,叶绿体自发荧光强度逐渐减弱;Na/K逐渐增大,Na+ K+-ATP酶活性逐渐降低,Ca2+ Mg2+-ATP酶活性呈先升后降趋势;可溶性蛋白含量先升后降.结果表明,菹草无菌苗在Hg2+胁迫下,光合及其它正常的生理过程遭到破坏,功能紊乱. 相似文献
8.
以植物组织培养技术培养的水花生愈伤组织为实验材料,研究了过量Zn2+(0、0.2、0.4、0.8、1.6 mmol/L)对水花生愈伤组织的氧化损伤及多胺代谢的影响.结果表明,随着Zn2+浓度增加:(1)水花生愈伤组织的超氧阴离子产生速率和硫代巴比妥酸反应物水平显著提升,超氧化物歧化酶活性明显抑制,叶绿素a含量显著降低;(2)精氨酸脱羧酶和鸟氨酸脱羧酶活性均升高,多胺氧化酶和二胺氧化酶活性在低Zn2+浓度处升高、高Zn2+浓度处降低;(3)总腐胺和总精胺含量在低Zn2+浓度处降低、高Zn2+浓度处增加,总亚精胺含量仅在Zn2+浓度为1.6 mmol/L时有显著增加;(4)游离态腐胺含量变化与总腐胺含量相似,游离态亚精胺含量在高Zn2+浓度时下降,游离态精胺含量仅在Zn2+浓度为0.2 mmol/L时略有下降;(5)结合态腐胺和精胺在Zn2+浓度为0.2 mmol/L时下降而在其余处理组中上升,结合态亚精胺含量各处理组中均增加;(6)束缚态腐胺和亚精胺含量均下降.可见,过量Zn2+胁迫导致水花生愈伤组织氧化性损伤,并扰乱其多胺代谢平衡;束缚态多胺向结合态多胺的转化是过量Zn2+胁迫下水花生愈伤组织多胺代谢变化的一个显著特征;以结合态为代表的内源性多胺积累对水花生愈伤组织抵抗过量Zn2+胁迫具有重要意义. 相似文献
9.
10.
为了解东平湖菹草(Potamogeton crispus)腐烂分解对水体温室气体溶存浓度和界面扩散通量的影响,于2016年5-7月在东平湖菹草腐烂期采集上覆水和沉积物柱样,测定上覆水和孔隙水中温室气体(N_2O、CH_4和CO_2)的溶存浓度,采用Fick第一定律和双层模型计算沉积物-水-气界面扩散通量,同时分析上覆水和沉积物的理化性质,并采用网袋分解法于现场进行菹草腐烂分解试验,以探究东平湖菹草腐烂过程中温室气体溶存和扩散的主要影响因子及其主要来源.结果表明,菹草腐烂符合二次指数模型,分为快速衰减和慢速分解两个阶段;菹草腐烂过程中上覆水pH和亚硝态氮浓度表现为先降低后升高,而溶解氧、氨氮、硝态氮和可溶性正磷酸盐浓度则为先升高后下降,沉积物中铵态氮含量表现为先升高后降低,硝态氮为先降低后显著升高,有机质和p H呈降低-升高-降低的波动变化;上覆水中各温室气体浓度和水气界面扩散通量均表现为CO_2 CH_4 N_2O,其扩散通量分别为5862.9±5441.4、31.15±41.3和0.15±0.57μmol/(m~2·h),整体表现为大气温室气体的"源",并以碳排放为主;上覆水中N_2O浓度和水-气界面扩散通量均先降低后升高,孔隙水中N_2O浓度在快速和慢速分解阶段分别出现极大值(22.7和55.6 nmol/L),而其沉积物-水界面通量前期持续增加至腐烂结束后迅速降低;上覆水和孔隙水中CH_4浓度及其各界面通量均表现为前期略有降低后持续升高;上覆水中CO_2浓度和水-气界面通量表现为持续升高后降低并趋于稳定,而孔隙水中CO_2呈波动变化,在菹草腐烂初期向孔隙水扩散,后期向上覆水扩散.水温是影响上覆水中温室气体浓度和水-气界面通量的主要因素;沉积物是水体N_2O和CH_4的主要来源,孔隙水中浓度是控制其沉积物-水界面扩散的重要因素;而上覆水中CO_2呈现多源性,但以上覆水中有机物质的矿化为主. 相似文献
11.
Sébastien Nomade Giovanni Muttoni Hervé Guillou Eric Robin Giancarlo Scardia 《Quaternary Geochronology》2011,6(5):453-457
The Ceprano calvarium, found in 1994 in Italy and attributed to Homo cepranensis, is one of the most celebrated hominin remains of Europe. It was considered at least 700 ka-old until a recent investigation incorporating magnetostratigraphy and K-Ar ages from the literature assigned to the calvarium an age of ∼450 (+50, −100) ka. Here we pin down the age of the Ceprano calvarium to 353 ± 4 ka (±1σ external) by means of new 40Ar/39Ar dating on K-feldspars retrieved from the sediments that hosted the skull. In absence of evidence of reworking, this refined age sinks the conviction that H. cepranensis belonged to human evolution at the Brunhes–Matuyama boundary (c.a. 781 ka). Our refined age indicates that H. cepranensis lived in central Italy probably during the cold period of marine isotope stage (MIS) 10, and that despite his archaic morphology and lack of Neanderthal traits, he was contemporaneous with more advanced species such as H. heidelbergensis. 相似文献
12.
微囊藻水华的资源化利用:吸附重金属离子Cu2+、Cd2+和Ni2+的实验研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为将捞取的微囊藻水华资源化,用作重金属生物吸附剂,本文研究了在不同金属离子浓度和不同pH条件下微囊藻水华对重金属Cu2+、Cd2+和Ni2+的吸附效果.研究结果显示,重金属离子浓度分别为20.00、60.00、100.00和140.00μg/ml时,150 mg干重微囊藻水华对Cu2+的去除率分别为67.79%、37.47%、35.93%和34.70%,对Cd2+的去除率分别为73.31%、65.87%、60.09%和42.37%,对Ni2+的去除率分别为47.89%、31.87%、28.46%和21.61%.在较低的重金属浓度(20.00μg/ml)下,微囊藻对3种重金属的去除率最高.但从单位微囊藻生物量吸附重金属量来看,金属离子初始浓度越高,吸附重金属的总量越高;在相同金属浓度下,微囊藻水华对3种金属的吸附效率:Cd2+ > Cu2+ > Ni2+.微囊藻吸附Cu2+的最适pH为5.0,Cd2+和Ni2+均为6.0,20.00μg/ml浓度时去除率分别达到了71.90%、85.67%和55.43%.微囊藻裂解释放的可溶性物质对重金属吸附影响不大.研究结果显示微囊藻水华可作为重金属吸附剂有效地运用于重金属污水处理. 相似文献
13.
Marvin Lanphere Duane Champion Leone Melluso Vincenzo Morra Annamaria Perrotta Claudio Scarpati Dario Tedesco Andrew Calvert 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2007,69(3):259-263
The Italian volcano, Vesuvius, erupted explosively in AD 79. Sanidine from pumice collected at Casti Amanti in Pompeii and Villa Poppea in Oplontis yielded a weighted-mean 40Ar/39Ar age of 1925±66 years in 2004 (1σ uncertainty) from incremental-heating experiments of eight aliquants of sanidine. This is the calendar age of the eruption. Our results together with the work of Renne et al. (1997) and Renne and Min (1998) demonstrate the validity of the 40Ar/39Ar method to reconstruct the recent eruptive history of young, active volcanoes. 相似文献
14.
During the 22nd Chinese Antarctic Research Expedition (CHINARE-22), the atmospheric gas samples above the oceanic surface
and near the surface were collected on the track for the scientific ship “Xuelong” and on Millor Peninsula of eastern Antarctica, respectively, using the Tedlar gas bags. Every day the sampling times were
10:00 and 22:00 (local time), respectively. In the laboratory, high-precision measurement of the isotopic compositions for
N2O in these gas samples was conducted using Thermo Finnigan MAT-253 Isotopic Mass Spectrometer with a fully automated interface
for the pre-GC concentration (PreCon) of trace gases. The temporal and spatial variations of δ
15N and δ
18O in atmospheric N2O were analyzed. The mean δ
15N and δ
18O-N2O values above the oceanic surface were (7.21±0.50)‰ and (44.52±0.52)‰, respectively. From 30°N to Antarctica, the δ
15N (6.05‰–7.88‰) linearly increased with the rate of about 0.01‰ with the latitude while the δ
18O (43.05‰–48.78‰) showed a large fluctuation. The δ
15N negatively correlated with air temperature and N2O concentration, and slightly positively correlated with δ
18O. The summertime variations of δ
15N and δ
18O-N2O appeared the same trend on Millor Peninsula of eastern Antarctica. They significantly positively correlated with each other
and negatively with N2O concentration. The δ
15N and δ
18O-N2O at different sites averaged (7.42±0.35)‰ and (44.69±0.49)‰, respectively, slightly higher than those above the oceanic surface,
significantly higher than those of atmospheric N2O in the low-latitude regions of Northern Hemisphere. The predominant factors affecting the spatial variations of δ
15N and δ
18O values were also discussed. The isotopic data given in this study can help to investigate the global and regional N2O budgets.
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40676005 and 40406001) 相似文献
15.
一秋龄性成熟中华绒螫蟹的生物学──1.外部形态特征及性腺变化 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
极大螺旋藻藻体ＳＯＤ聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶电泳呈现４条同工酶带,Ｈ２Ｏ２明显抑制该酶活性,ＫＣＮ对酶活性无影响,确认为Ｆｅ－ＳＯＤ。经硫酸铵分部盐析,离子交换柱层析及凝胶过滤,纯化到电泳单斑点均一程度。纯化的Ｆｅ－ＳＯＤ分子量为３９．３ＫＤ,亚基分子量为２０ＫＤ,金属元素分析表明,每个亚基含０．５５个Ｆｅ原子。该酶在紫外区最大吸收峰值为２７５．８ｎｍ,该酶氨基酸组成与蓝,绿藻和高等植物的Ｆｅ－ＳＯＤ相 相似文献
16.
17.
The secular variations (SV) ing
1
0
of geomagnetic field, caused by the interaction between the geomagnetic field and the radial fluid-flow of the outer-core,
are discussed with both statistical and analytic methods. When the value ofg
1
0
s
2
0
is relatively high compared with other terms, SV ing
1
0
is characterized by exponential change. When the effect of non-dipole field is notable, SV ing
1
0
shows complex features. Especially when the value of g
1
0
is close to zero, SV ing
1
0
is completely determined by the random process of non-dipole fields.
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 49429405) and by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. 相似文献
18.
Based on the waveform data of 5,076 local earthquakes recorded at 25 stations in Xinjiang during the period from 2009 to 2014 and the observation reports provided by the Xinjiang Digital Seismic Network,a data set of 19,140 attenuation factors t*is obtained by fitting the high-frequency attenuation of S-wave spectra with a genetic algorithm. The spatial distribution of Q_S is determined by inverting the t*data with seismic tomography. The results show that the average Q0 in eastern Tianshan is 520,and there is a significant correlation between the Q_S value distribution or attenuation characteristics it disclosed and the surface structure of the study area. The Q_S value is lower in the intersection area of the mountain basin which is located on the north and south sides of the Tianshan Mountains,and the high Q_S distribution is more concentrated inside the Tianshan orogenic belt. The M≥6. 0 earthquakes have been basically located in the Low-Q_S region since 1900. 24 high heat flow points in eastern Tianshan are located at the north and south of Tianshan Mountains where low Q_S exists,indicating a negative correlation. In addition,there is a positive correlation between the velocity structure and the attenuation structure in the study area,which reflects the consistency of the 2-D attenuation structure with the velocity structure and the two-dimensional density structure. 相似文献
19.
Jianlin Zhu Guangming Zeng 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2006,21(2):143-149
Detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) and power spectrum density are applied to verify the presence of temporal scaling behavior and long-range persistence (LRP) of weekly hydrogen ion deposition (WHD), NO3- and SO42- deposition series in National Atmospheric Deposition Program, USA, for the period 1978–2001. The results show a common scaling behavior for all sites analyzed. Two distinct scaling regions are identified by DFA1, one corresponding to 1 month to 1 year and the other to 1 year to 5 years. The WHD series obey power-law in two temporal regimes respectively with mean DFA1 scaling exponents α
1≈0.68 and α
2≈0.45, implying the presence of LRP in the acid deposition series and there is a tendency for a large deposition event to be followed by another large event, and vice versa. For DFA2–DFA4, however, the annual crossover, which divides the temporal scale into two regimes, disappears gradually with the order q of DFAq increasing, and the two scaling regimes turn to share the same scaling exponent close to α
1. The result indicates that the scaling behavior exits in the two regimes with the same scaling exponent α
1, and LRP prevails during the examined 1-month to 5-years scale. NO3- and SO42- deposition evolve the same way as WHD does, implying the pollutants involving in acid deposition may share some prominent mechanism controlling their evolutions. We ascribe the long-range power-law scaling of acid deposition evolutions to the self-organized critical behavior of atmosphere under pollution stress and it should be considered in the trend prediction of acid deposition as an important factor. 相似文献
20.
利用天山中东段地区25个数字地震台站记录到的2009~2014年底5076个近震波形资料以及新疆地震台网提供的观测报告,采用遗传算法对S波位移谱的高频衰减进行拟合,得到19140条衰减算子t~*数据。根据这些t*数据,反演得到该区地壳Q_s值分布。结果表明,天山中东段地区平均Q_0值为520,其Q_s值分布及其所揭示的衰减变化特征与研究区的地表构造明显相关。天山南北两侧的山区盆地交汇部位Q_s值较低,而高Q_s值较为集中地分布于天山造山带内部。1900年以来天山中东段地区6级以上强震大多位于低Q_s值区域,该区24个高热流点也大多位于上述天山南北两侧的低Q_s值区域,热流值与衰减值呈负相关;此外,研究区的速度结构与衰减结构也呈一定的正相关,反映了二维衰减结构特征与速度结构、二维密度结构的一致性。 相似文献