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利用湖北省内黄石等11个国家气象站2005—2007年自动观测、人工观测同期分钟雨量数据,分别逐年滑动提取5、10、15、20、30、45、60、90、120、150、180 min这11个短历时的最大雨量值及开始时间。从时间偏差、雨量偏差、设定时间偏差范围三方面分析两种观测下的短历时雨量差异,并利用分析结果建立了自动观测、人工观测短历时雨量关系方程。结果表明:(1)从自动观测、人工观测分钟数据中提取短历时雨量时,对降水过程判断基本一致,选取同一降水过程,各降水历时70%以上样本数据的开始时间偏差基本在0~10 min。(2)各历时自动观测、人工观测短历时雨量提取结果比较吻合,两者雨量偏差范围在±10%以内的情况占样本总数的68.6%,且自动较人工观测短历时雨量偏大的情况居多,占样本总数的60.9%。(3)设定时间偏差范围为0~5 min,自动观测、人工观测短历时雨量提取结果非常吻合。将时间偏差缩小到0~2 min,吻合度进一步提高。(4)分别建立了11个降水历时自动观测、人工观测短历时雨量关系方程,两套数据相关系数达到0.92以上,自动观测、人工观测短历时雨量变化非常一致。 相似文献
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利用全国627个基准、基本站2005年自动与人工雨量业务观测资料, 分析了业务上自动与人工观测的降雨量的差异以及引起差异的原因, 并分析了自动观测与人工观测的降雨量的相关性。结果表明:自动观测比人工观测的日降雨量平均偏高0.12 mm, 标准差为0.70 mm, 相对偏高1.42%。627个站中, 80%的站自动与人工观测的年降雨量差值在5%以内; 近4%的站年降雨量差值在10%以上。年降雨量相对差值较大的站, 其年降雨量均较小。空间采样差、20:00 (北京时) 定时观测中人工与自动观测时间的不一致以及其他突发事件均会导致自动与人工测量的日降雨量的差异, 甚至显著差异。由于观测仪器不同引起的降雨测量系统误差差别, 导致自动与人工观测降雨量的系统偏差。自动观测与人工观测的日降雨量呈线性相关, 相关系数为0.9988。 相似文献
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辽源市气象站现在已经发展为以遥测化的现代技术取代原始的人工观测方式的自动气象站,并已经进入了单轨运行阶段。遥测雨量传感器作为自动站的一个组成部分,于每年的5-9月进行雨量观测,它能实时地记录降水要素的变化情况; 相似文献
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通过对河池站2005年全年的气温、湿度、气压、风向、风速、雨量、地温七要素平行观测的月数据进行人工观测资料与自动观测资料对比分析,分析造成自动观测的数据与人工观测的数据差异的原因,得出自动站资料更真实、更具有代表性。 相似文献
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利用贵阳基准站2004—2020年17 a的自动翻斗雨量器、人工雨量筒、虹吸雨量计降水量资料,对3种观测方式的年、月、日降水量偏差程度及自动与虹吸自记观测小时降水量差值进行分析。结果表明：自动比人工、虹吸自记观测降水量偏大,偏差集中在±5%以内,人工与虹吸自记观测降水量偏差最小。日降水量≤10 mm的天数占总降水日数的75.2%,其中自动与人工雨量观测偏差超常的天数占6.8%;剩余日降水量＞10 mm的天数中自动与人工雨量观测偏差超常的天数占26.6%。自动与虹吸自记观测小时降水量偏差超常时的差值绝对值与小时降水量呈高度正相关。 相似文献
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通过对河池站2005年全年的气温、湿度、气压、风向、风速、雨量、地温七要素平行观测的月数据进行人工观测资料与自动观测资料对比分析，分析造成自动观测的数据与人工观测的数据差异的原因，得出自动站资料更真实、更具有代表性。 相似文献
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自动站观测与人工观测气象数据的对比 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
通过对揭西气象站2006～2007年自动站与人工平行观测项目,气温、地面温度、风、气压、湿度、雨量气象数据的对比,分析了自动站观测与人工观测气象数据的差异.结果表明,自动站与人工观测的气温月平均、年平均差值在±0.2 ℃之内;相对于传统的人工观测来说,自动站观测的相对湿度偏小,有一个偏干的现象;自动站雨量传感器经过调整和维护、运行正常情况下,月降雨量、年总降雨量可达到±4%的精度要求. 相似文献
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五华自动气象站与人工观测雨量数据的对比 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对五华2005年地面自动气象站与人工观测在平行观测期间的雨量数据进行差异分析,统计了2种观测之间的对比差值、百分误差.结果表明:自动观测与人工观测存在一定的差异,但差异都在仪器测量误差范围内.造成差异的原因是多方面的,包括测量原理的不同、降水的不均匀性、安装位置的不同和观测的时空差异等. 相似文献
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自动与人工2种雨量观测由于技术体制不同所获得的雨量数据存在差异。从理论和实践2个方面对2种观测方式的数据误差存在原因和2种方式体制差异进行比较分析,从中找出日常工作中正确的操作和维护方法,从而减少误差,保证2种观测方式所取得的观测数据具有代表性、准确性、比较性,为天气预报、气象信息、气候分析等提供可靠的依据。 相似文献
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The lack of uncertainty measures in operational satellite rainfall (SR) products leads to a situation where users of the SR products know that there are significant errors in the products, but they have no quantitative information about the distribution of these errors. The authors propose a semiparametric model to characterize the conditional distribution of actual rainfall (AR) given measures from SR products. The model consists of two components: a conditional gamma density given each SR, and a smooth functional relationship between the gamma parameters and SR. The model is developed for monthly rainfall, estimated from a satellite with sampling frequency once a day, averaged over an area of 512 × 512 km2 in the Mississippi River basin. The conditional distribution results are more informative than deterministic SR products since the whole conditional distribution enables users to take appropriate actions according to their own risk assessments and cost/benefit analyses. 相似文献
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Theoretical and Applied Climatology - Statistics of the total time, in minutes, that extreme rainfall rates are exceeded were computed from weighing raingage records at stations in several rainfall... 相似文献
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大暴雨过程中短时强降水机制分析 总被引：13，自引：5，他引：8
利用雷达径向速度、风暴相对径向速度和风廓线产品以及数值预报产品和雨量资料,分析了临沂2008年汛期中最大也是最后一场大暴雨过程中短时强降水发生机制。结果发现:在有利的大尺度环流背景形势下,中小尺度系统的生成是短时强降水产生的原因。分析还表明:低空西南气流的稳定维持利于降水过程持续,而高空气流的短波波动则造成降水强度的强弱波动变化;当高空气流由偏西风转为西南风,中低空西南气流和中高空西南气流同向叠加时,对流层中层西南急流建立并且向超低空传递,高空冷空气的加入和低层西南气流加强促使中小尺度系统生成,导致短时强降水。 相似文献
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Previous studies have indicated a connection between interannual variations of the Indian and North China summer rainfall. An atmospheric circulation wave pattern over the mid-latitude Asia plays an important role in the connection. The present study compares the influence of the above-normal and below-normal Indian summer rainfall on the North China summer rainfall variations. Composite analysis shows that the mid-latitude Asian atmospheric circulation and the North China rainfall anomalies during summer tend to be anti-symmetric in above-normal and below-normal Indian rainfall years. Analysis indicates that the Indian-North China summer rainfall relation tends to be stronger when larger Indian rainfall anomaly occurs during a higher mean rainfall period. The observed long-term change in the Indian-North China summer rainfall relationship cannot be explained by the impact of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The present study evaluates the Indian-North China summer rainfall relationship in climate models. Analysis shows that the Indian-North China summer rainfall relationship differs largely among different climate models and among different simulations of a specific model. The relationship also displays obvious temporal variations in both individual and ensemble mean model simulations. This suggests an important role of the atmospheric internal variability in the change of the Indian-North China summer rainfall relationship. 相似文献
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In this study,the effects of key ice microphysical processes on the pre-summer heavy rainfall over southern China during 3-8 June 2008 were investigated.A series of two-dimensional sensitivity cloud-resolving model simulations were forced with zonally uniform vertical velocity,zonal wind,horizontal temperature,and water vapor advection data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP)/Global Data Assimilation System(GDAS).The effects of key ice microphysical processes on the responses of rainfall to large-scale forcing were analyzed by comparing two sensitivity experiments with a control experiment.In one sensitivity experiment,ice crystal radius,associated with depositional growth of snow from cloud ice,was reduced from 100 μm in the control experiment to 50 μm,and in the other sensitivity experiment the efficiency of the growth of graupel from the accretion of snow was reduced to 50% from 100% in the control experiment.The results show that the domain-mean rainfall responses to these ice microphysical processes are stronger during the decay phase than during the onset and mature phases.During the decay phase,the increased mean rain rate resulting from the decrease in ice crystal radius is associated with the enhanced mean local atmospheric drying,the increased mean local hydrometeor loss,and the suppressed mean water vapor divergence.The increased mean rain rate caused by the reduction in accretion efficiency is related to the reduced mean water vapor divergence and the enhanced mean local hydrometeor loss. 相似文献
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Summary A Pearson Product Moment Correlation matrix for four years of daily rainfall from 96 sites on the island of Mallorca has been used to derive and map correlation fields and construct composite correlation fields for different parts of the island based on previously defined daily rainfall affinity areas. Significant variations in rainfall organisation over the island are revealed. These reflect the dominance of uplift and exposure by upland areas in the generation of rainfall, evidenced in strongly anisotropic correlation fields. Further anisotropy along lowland coasts normal to the relief trend indicate the role of local rainfall generation along sea-breeze fronts. Near isotropic fields for central island locations highlight the importance of local convection and local convergence between opposing sea breeze systems and inland convection. Linear correlation distance-decay trends are determined for the island and for the predetermined rainfall affinity areas, including estimates of distance-decay rates along field axes. A suite of exponential cone functions is derived to model the empirically observed fields, representing their typical bidimensional structure. Use of the fitted cones to model a typical rainfall day, where the rainfall distribution mimics quite closely the longer term average, yields quite good results and suggests that their use may be more appropriate than applying more conventional general interpolation techniques in the mapping of spatial rainfall distributions.With 14 Figures 相似文献