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1.
L. I. Fomenkova 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(1):84-88
The author illustrates the application of thermal infrared machinery to prospecting for mineral deposits in desert areas. The technique is presented with details pertaining to an oil field in Western Kazakhstan and a copper deposit in Southern Kazakhstan. Translated from: Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, geografiya, 1983, No. 5, pp. 60-64. 相似文献
2.
The authors propose a fully automated technique of map transformation using an iteration method to transform a map of disuniform density areas into a map of uniform density areas. The technique is illustrated with particular reference to maps of rural population density and total population density of Czechoslovakia. Translated from: Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, 1983, No. 2, pp. 56-63. 相似文献
3.
V. S. Tikunov 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(1):33-42
The example of manufacturing levels in Japan's prefectures is used to illustrate the multivariate design of thematic maps. The author maps the differences of the results obtained from the implementation of various models and shows how geographic content affects the reliability of modeling. Some general conclusions are offered regarding ways of measuring the reliability of mathematical-cartographic models. Translated from: Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, geografiya, 1983, No. 4, pp. 42-48. 相似文献
4.
The authors propose a technique for reconstructing precipitation sums for particular areas on the basis of satellite cloud photography. The method is illustrated with reference to six 5-degree squares in the Nonchernozem Region of the USSR for the month of July during the period 1971-80. Good agreement is found not only between the reconstructed precipitation sums and the actual precipitation during the study period, but also between the mean of the reconstructed July precipitation during the 10-year period and the actual long-term mean precipitation for that month. Translated from: Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, geografiya, 1983, No. 5, pp. 82-87. 相似文献
5.
Basic exogenic dynamic processes are analysed and discussed. Such processes are actively developed and intensively utilized in mountainous regions of the Baikal-Amur Mainline. Investigation of these regions, which call for reliance on aerospace methods is of considerable economic significance. Translated from: Kosmicheskiye Issledovaniya Prirodnykh Kompleksov Sibiri i Dal'nego Vostoka, Novosibirik, 1983, pp. 57-63. 相似文献
6.
Ye. P. Sorokina 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(2):165-176
Industry concentrated in cities is a major source of geochemical pollution. It is suggested that this technogenic impact on the environment can be measured by techniques developed in geochemistry. The specific nature of the pollutants can be identified and their levels of concentration (mostly in the soil) can be measured against normal background values. This allows areas of pollution to be classified and mapped in terms of the composition and concentration of pollutants from industrial emissions. Translated from: Voprosy geografii, Vol. 120, 1983, pp. 55-67, by Robert K. Holz and Warren Hamill, University of Texas, Austin. 相似文献
7.
K. A. Salishchev 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(1):4-12
The development of cartographic theory in Eastern Europe and its implications are discussed in depth by one of the most prominent Soviet geographers and cartographers. Professor Salishchev who heads the Department of Cartography at Moscow University, was the President of the International Cartographic Association. Translated from: Geodeziya i kartografiya, 1983, No. 10, pp. 51-56. 相似文献
8.
Vegetation signatures on aerial photographs and space imagery are used as indicators of soil moisture differences in a Siberian taiga landscape. The authors use remote sensing products to identify all major habitat types resulting from variable soil moisture regimes that were observed on the ground. These types are described, as are their interpretation keys and the effects of scale change on habitat discrimination. Translated from: Kosmicheskiye metody izucheniya prirodnoy sredy Sibiri i Dal'nego Vostoka, Novosibirsk, 1983, pp. 63-74. 相似文献
9.
T. A. Khlebnikova 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(1):43-48
The author feels that the present methods for the determination of relative orientation elements on aerial photographs are not generally effective. She has conducted an experimental investigation and obtained a high degree of accuracy in the determination of these elements using a new algorithm and successive approximation. The author presents a general solution to the problem of relative orientation where approximate values of unknowns are no longer needed. Translated from: Geodeziya i kartografiya, 1983, No. 11, pp. 29-32. 相似文献
10.
11.
K. A. Salishchev 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(2):118-124
The desire of cartographers in the West to construct a theory of cartography entirely on a communicative basis has suffered an obvious failure. The systematic replacement of theoretical “landmarks” has begun. In this process, several trends have become evident: the desire to eliminate the most vulnerable areas of the communicative theory of cartography, the intention to channel this theory into the path of cognitive cartography, attempts to find new theoretical foundations for cartography, etc. The paper analyzes these phenomena, their positive, or, conversely, unacceptable tendencies. Translated from: Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, geografiya, 1983, No. 6, pp. 11-18. 相似文献
12.
Rigorous equations in compact symbolic matrix notation are introduced to transform coordinates and velocities between ITRF
frames and modern GPS-based geocentric geodetic datums. The theory is general but, after neglecting higher than second-order
terms, it is shown that the equations revert to the formulation currently applied in most major continental datums. We discuss
several examples: the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83), the European Terrestrial Reference System of 1989 (ETRS89), the Geodetic Datum of Australia of 1994 (GDA94), and the South American Geocentric Reference System (SIRGAS).
Electronic Publication 相似文献
13.
A. M. Borovikov 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(2):128-145
The author tries to demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of remote sensing in geology. Separate procedures, stages and conditions of image processing are discussed. According to the author, by minimizing errors and interference, understanding the mechanism of generalization, improving identification techniques, and recognizing various direct and indirect indicators, this method can be made highly universal and promising for the earth sciences. Translated from: Kosmicheskiye issledovaniya prirodnykh kompleksov Sibiri i Dal'nego Vostoka, Novosibirsk, 1983, pp. 83-100. 相似文献
14.
A final paper on water-level monitoring from space outlines principles for the use of space imagery in interpretation of short-term changes in the position of shorelines and coastal water levels resulting from storm surges and strong offshore winds. Over 100 images of various types, seasons, and storm-surge conditions, carefully referenced with field data on slope, vegetation cover, water level, and wind direction, were used to determine “maximal” and “minimal” positions of the Caspian shoreline for the period 1973-1983. This information is useful in understanding the seasonal regime of water-level fluctuations and anticipating flooding associated with winds of a given velocity. Translated from: Izvestlya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenly, geodeziya i aerofotos'yemka, 1986, No. 4, pp. 93-97. 相似文献
15.
L. Ye. Smirnov 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(2):114-124
A brief history of land-use mapping sets the stage for a survey of contemporary land-use mapping across the world, and more specifically, the applications of remote sensing methods in such mapping. Other issues addressed include the need to refine the definition of land use to encompass the totality of geographic space, to formally recognize the difference between large-scale maps of agricultural land-use and smaller-scale general land-use maps, and to investigate more closely the wisdom and desirability of a standardized world land-use classification. Four types of land-use maps are identified: diagnostic/informational, historical, dynamic, and predictive. Translated from: Vestnik Leningradskogo Universiteta, 1983, No. 24, pp. 52-61. 相似文献
16.
Spectrophotometric observations of agricultural crops and forest vegetation, taken for the purpose of establishing ground truth for remote sensing surveys, are analyzed. Special attention is given to variations in the spectral signatures of wheat, conifers, and deciduous trees occurring during the growing season. Variations of radiation absorption in the 550-730 nm band correspond closely with the physiological state and biological productivity of wheat during the growing season. Mean spectral brightness values of deciduous and coniferous forest stands during the growing season are sufficiently different to be diagnostic, especially during spring and autumn. Translated from: Kosmlcheskiye issledovaniya prirodnykh kompleksov Sibiri i Dal'nego Vostoka, Novosibirsk, 1983, pp. 126-132. 相似文献
17.
P. Moore 《Journal of Geodesy》1987,61(3):223-234
Starlette was launched in 1975 in order to study temporal variations in the Earth’s gravity field; in particular, tidal and
Earth rotation effects. For the period April 1983 to April 1984 over12,700 normal points of laser ranging data to Starlette have been sub-divided into49 near consecutive 5–6 day arcs. Normal equations for each arc as obtained from a least-squares data reduction procedure, were
solved for ocean tidal parameters along with other geodetic and geodynamic parameters. The tidal parameters are defined relative
to Wahr’s body tides and Wahr’s nutation model and show fair agreement with other satellite derived results and those obtained
from spherical harmonic decomposition of global ocean tidal models. 相似文献
18.
Laser ranging to Starlette from April 1983 to April 1984 has been used to determine a coordinate set, UASC.ST1, of laser reference
points for 18 tracking stations. The coordinates were derived by application of the least-squares data reduction procedure
in a simultaneous solution along with geodynamic parameters for 49 near consecutive 5–6 day arcs. Comparisons with the University
of Texas station coordinates,LSC 8112 andLSC 8402, and theRGO, Herstmonceux, coordinates,RGOSC.LG2, reveal consistency to near 30 cm in each coordinate. Furthermore, the translation vectors of the comparisons are not significantly
different from zero indicating consistency in the implied origins of the systems.
The period of analysis included seven occasions in which STARLETTE was tracked near simultaneously by three or four laser
stations in North America. Using the short arcs as reference frameworks, station coordinates were determined by application
of two contrasting methods, namely, a multi-arc simultaneous analysis and a weighted mean of the individual pass solutions.
The former compared more favourably with baselines from the long-arc solution with anRMS error of near 16 cm. Comparison against theLSC 8402 coordinates confirmed that baselines accurate to within 15 cm can be achieved by satellite laser ranging to Starlette. 相似文献
19.
R. P. Singh S. Rovshan S. K. Goroshi S. Panigrahy J. S. Parihar 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2011,39(3):345-353
The monitoring of terrestrial carbon dynamics is important in studies related with global climate change. This paper presents
results of the inter-annual variability of Net Primary Productivity (NPP) from 1981 to 2000 derived using observations from
NOAA-AVHRR data using Global Production Efficiency Model (GloPEM). The GloPEM model is based on physiological principles and
uses the production efficiency concept, in which the canopy absorption of photosynthetically active radiation (APAR) is used
with a conversion “efficiency” to estimate Gross Primary Production (GPP). NPP derived from GloPEM model over India showed
maximum NPP about 3,000 gCm−2year−1 in west Bengal and lowest up to 500 gCm−2year−1 in Rajasthan. The India averaged NPP varied from 1,084.7 gCm−2year−1 to 1,390.8 gCm−2year−1 in the corresponding years of 1983 and 1998 respectively. The regression analysis of the 20 year NPP variability showed significant
increase in NPP over India (r = 0.7, F = 17.53, p < 0.001). The mean rate of increase was observed as 10.43 gCm−2year−1. Carbon fixation ability of terrestrial ecosystem of India is increasing with rate of 34.3 TgC annually (t = 4.18, p < 0.001). The estimated net carbon fixation over Indian landmass ranged from 3.56 PgC (in 1983) to 4.57 PgC (in 1998). Grid
level temporal correlation analysis showed that agricultural regions are the source of increase in terrestrial NPP of India.
Parts of forest regions (Himalayan in Nepal, north east India) are relatively less influenced over the study period and showed
lower or negative correlation (trend). Finding of the study would provide valuable input in understanding the global change
associated with vegetation activities as a sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide. 相似文献
20.
A new adjustment of the geodetic control networks in North America has been completed, resulting in a new continental datum—the
North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83).
The establishment ofNAD 83 was the result of an international project involving the National Geodetic Survey of the United States, the Geodetic Survey
of Canada, and the Danish Geodetic Institute (responsible for surveying in Greenland). The geodetic data in Mexico and Central
America were collected by the Inter American Geodetic Survey and validated by the Defense Mapping Agency Hydrographic/Topographic
Center.
The fundamental task ofNAD 83 was a simultaneous least squares adjustment involving 266,436 stations in the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Central
America. The networks in Greenland, Hawaii, and the Caribbean islands were connected to the datum through Doppler satellite
and Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations.
The computations were performed with respect to the ellipsoid of the Geodetic Reference System of 1980. The ellipsoid is positioned
in such a way as to be geocentric, and its axes are oriented by the Bureau International de l'Heure Terrestrial System of
1984.
The mathematical model for theNAD readjustment was the height-controlled three-dimensional system. The least squares adjustment involved 1,785,772 observations
and 928,735 unknowns. The formation and solution of the normal equations were carried out according to the Helmert block method.
[Authors' note:This article is a condensation of the final report of the NAD 83 project. The full report (Schwarz,1989) contains a more complete discussion of all the topics.] 相似文献