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1.
东昆仑南带加嗡门地区碳酸盐岩地层中发现的中元古代晚期-新元古代早期叠层石组合以大型锥叠层石及其相关的分子Conophyton garganicus var. inkeni,C. cf. ressoti Menchikov, Jacutophyton f. 和Conicodomenia cf. longotenuia等最丰富, 并与Baicalia共生, 故可视之为Conophyton-Baicalia组合.这叠层石组合可以与天山、华北等地蓟县系中部-青白口系中部叠层石组合对比,尤其酷似于天山地区蓟县系的爱尔基干组合和华北蓟县系的闪坡岭叠层石组合,而显著有别于华南地块.它还可以与南乌拉尔、西伯利亚、北美、北非和阿拉斯加半岛等地区的中里菲界上部--上里菲界下部层位中的叠层石组合对比.加嗡门叠层石组合的时限为距今1 300～850 Ma,大致为蓟县纪中期-青白口纪中期或中里菲晚期-晚里菲早期.东昆仑南带存在前寒武纪微地块,当时此微地块的古地理和古环境与天山、华北、西伯利亚和阿拉斯加半岛等地区的前寒武纪地块相似,均位于低纬度区,其上均广泛发育适宜叠层石繁育的温暖陆表海,它们可能共同处于罗迪尼亚超大陆的低纬度大陆边缘部位,与华南地块的不同.这对本区和东昆仑地层和大地构造研究,以及对罗迪尼亚超大陆重建提供了新的古生物约束.  相似文献   

2.
1 Introduction The stromatolites of the Jiawengmen area in the southern belt of the Eastern Kunlun orogen were initially interpreted as vortex structures by the Regional Geological Survey Team, Qinghai Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources in 1973; these samples were then identified as algal fossils of Sinian age by the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology (Qinghai Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1973). In 1994, Chen and Luo (1998) discovered some stromatolites, i…  相似文献   

3.
Riphean stromatolitic formations flank the East European epi-Karelian platform only in the east and northeast. They are traceable as long (over 3600 km) relatively narrow belt consisting of two rectilinear segments, one running along the Urals western flank from southern extremity of the Bashkirian meganticlinorium to the Polyudov Ridge and the other one extending from the southern and central Timan to the Kil’din Island and northern Norway. Within the belt there are known stromatolitic formations of all Riphean erathems: the Lower and Middle Riphean stromatolitic buildups are confined to the eastern segment of its southern part only, while the Upper Riphean occur everywhere. Their distribution conformable to large structural elements of the plaform margin being replaced by carbonate-terrigenous rocks almost lacking stromatolites westward and southwestward in the Kama-Belaya aulacogen system and by substantially siliciclastic succession eastward and northeastward. The distribution area of Upper Riphean stromatolitic formations includes the Karatavian stratotype region, where 12 stromatolite beds ranging in age from ≥900 to 620 Ma are established. Many of the beds are traceable along the strike far beyond the stratotype region. Representing relatively small reference units, the beds facilitate reconstruction of distribution dynamics of the Upper Riphean stromatolites. Distribution area of the latter was always parallel to marginal structures of the platform, though being of changeable size, particularly of length. Originated in the stratotype region eastern part, stromatolites first advanced into northeastern areas never crossing boundaries of the Upper Riphean distribution area during the Early Karatavian. In the initial Late Karatavian, they occupied a longest distribution area that was sharply reduced at the end of that period. According to distribution peculiarities in space and with time, the Upper Riphean stromatolitic formations accumulated likely in peripheral areas of an open sea or oceanic basin adjacent to the East European platform, rather than in closed epiplatform basins.  相似文献   

4.
The microfossils studied are discovered for the first time in the Riphean-Lower Vendian deposits, which have been recovered in 2002 by the Kel’tminskaya-1 deep parametric borehole in the Vychegda depression, the northeastern margin of the East European platform. The sampled interval of core section (4825–2347 m) consists of three units: the lower (depth range 4825–3995 m, 5 samples) and middle (depth range 3687–2961 m, 17 samples) carbonate successions overlain by sandstone-siltstone beds (depth range 2907–2347 m, 58 samples). Based on lithological criteria and/or composition of stromatolites, the carbonate successions are correlative with the Yshkemes and Vapol formations of the Upper Riphean of the Timan ridge succession, while the overlying, mostly siltstone succession was correlated with the Vychegda Formation of the southern Timan according to similarity in lithology and mineral composition. Microfossils found in 56 samples occur at 20 microphytological levels and represent different microbiotas. The Yshkemes and Vapol microbiotas of low diversity characterize six lower levels and represent one assemblage, while the diverse and abundant Vychegda microbiota typical of fourteen upper levels is divisible into three successive assemblages. The Vapol stromatolites Inzeria djejimii and Poludia polymorpha along with giant Chuaria and Navifusa present in the Yshkemes-Vapol assemblage suggest that their host deposits correspond to the upper Upper Riphean. The Vychegda assemblages, each of peculiar biostratigraphic specifics and unique in composition, consist of different morphotypes, primarily of large acanthomorphic acritarchs Cavaspina, Polyhedrosphaeridium, Cymatiosphaeridium, Asterocapsoides, and Tanarium, which are known in Scandinavia, Siberia, China, Australia, and India only in the Lower Vendian microbiotas of the Perthatataka type. The comprehensive microphytological characterization of the Lower Vendian in the Vychegda depression and earlier data on the Middle-Upper Riphean microbiotas from the adjacent Mezen syneclise enable a high-resolution biostratigraphic subdivision of the Riphean and Vendian successions in the vast region under consideration.  相似文献   

5.
A biostratigraphic model of the temporal distribution of distinctive Proterozoic microfossil assemblages is suggested, based on studies of upper Precambrian chert-embedded and compression-preserved organic-walled microfossils from the reference sections of Eurasia, North America and Australia. Microfossils from 2.0 to 0.542 Ga can be divided into seven successive informal global units which can be compared to standard units of the International and Russian time scales. Each unit is characterized by a particular association of taxa, typified by the fossil assemblage that gives it its name. These form broad biostratigraphic units comparable to assemblage zones of Phanerozoic successions; in general (but with minor differences) they correspond to chronostratigraphic units accepted by the Internal Commission on Stratigraphy. The units are: (1) Labradorian, the upper part of the Paleoproterozoic (Orosirian and Statherian), 2.0–1.65 Ga; (2) Anabarian, lower Mesoproterozoic (Calymmian–Ectasian)/Lower Riphean–lower Middle Riphean, 1.65–1.2 Ga; (3) Turukhanian, upper Mesoproterozoic (Stenian)/upper Middle Riphean, 1.2–1.03 Ga; (4) Uchuromayan, lower Neoproterozoic (late Stenian–Tonian)/lower Upper Riphean, 1.03–0.85 Ga; (5) Yuzhnouralian, upper Neoproterozoic (Cryogenian)/upper Upper Riphean, 0.85–0.63 Ga; (6) Amadeusian, lower Ediacaran/lower Vendian, 0.63–0.55 Ga; (7) Belomorian, upper Ediacaran/upper Vendian, 0.55–0.542 Ga.  相似文献   

6.
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7.
The age distribution of detrital zircons from Upper Riphean and Early Carboniferous sandstones of the northwest part of Nordenskiöld Land (Spitsbergen Island) was studied. The results obtained supplement the previously known data on the rocks of Precambrian and Paleozoic masses of West Spitsbergen. Integrated consideration of these data showed that the time interval from the Middle Riphean to the Early Carboniferous inclusive might be subdivided into at least five stages characterized by quite different provinces supplying detritus to sedimentary basins. (The relics of these latter are represented in the present structure of western Svalbard.) The most ancient distinguished event of alteration of the sources of sedimentary matter (at the boundary of the Middle and Late Riphean) corresponds to the consolidation time of the ancient basement of Svalbard.  相似文献   

8.
Micro- and macrofauna remains were studied from transitional deposits of Moscovian and Kasimovian Stages in the Donskaya Luka (Volgograd Region). The preliminary analysis of microfauna showed that “sub-Triticites Beds” of the Donskaya Luka contain fusulinid and conodont assemblages enabling correlation of the Middle and Upper Carboniferous deposits in the study region with the type sections of Moscow area and Donbass. Conodonts from the “sub-Triticites Beds” stratotype were studied for the first time. As is established, upper part of the Sukhov Fm. and the base of the Seleznev Fm. belong to the Protriticites pseudomontiparus-Obsoletes obsoletus Zone. Based on fusulinids, higher parts of the Seleznev Fm. belong to the Montiparus Zone of the Khamovnikian Substage, whereas conodonts suggest their correlation with lower part of the Khamovnikian Substage, i.e., with the Ratmirovo Fm. or a basal part of the Neverovo Fm. Middle part of the Seleznev Fm. is correlated to middle cycle of the Neverovo Fm. of the Khamovnikian Substage in Moscow area. The Middle-Upper Carboniferous boundary deposits of the Donskaya Luka are represented by deposits of extremely shallow-water settings and contain only sporadic microfauna. These sections cannot be considered as possible candidates for the GSSP of the Kasimovian Stage base.  相似文献   

9.
Excellently preserved organic-walled and silicified microfossils are first found in the Lower Riphean Ust-Il’ya and Kotuikan formations of the Billyakh Group in the northern slope of the Anabar Uplift (the Fomich River basin). Similar assemblages were previously known only from sections located southward in the Kotuikan River basin, and taxonomic composition of organic-walled microbiotas from the Ust-Il’ya and Kotuikan formations became a corner stone in competitive microphytological models that are based on different approaches. In their composition and general appearance, microbiotas from the Kotuikan and Ust-Il’ya formations in the Fomich River basin are similar to microbiotas reported from the Kotuikan River basin, although northern sections of the above formations characterize deeper sedimentation settings than in localities known before. The Ust-Il’ya and Kotuikan assemblages of organic-walled microfossils include sphaeromorphic Chuaria circularis and Leiosphaeridia, two-layer vesicles the genus Simia, filamentous Plicatidium and Taenitrichoides, and some others. The silicified microbiota from the lower Kotuikan Subformation is largely composed of akinetes of Anabaena-like cyanobacteria Archaeoellipsoides, spherical Myxococcoides grandis, and short trichomes Filiconstrictosus and Orculiphycus representing initial germination stages of Anabaena-like cyanobacterial spores. Acanthomorphic acritarchs known from lithology-similar Lower and Middle Riphean (Mesoproterozoic) formations of Australia and China have not been observed in the Ust-Il’ya and Kotuikan microbiotas, which are probably of older age. The found microbiotas outline substantially wider distribution area of organic-walled and silicified microfossils, supplement microphytological characteristics of Riphean sediments in the Anabar Uplift, provide information on taxonomic composition of microbiotas from a wider spectrum of facies, and specify relationships between Early and Middle Riphean assemblages of microorganisms from different continents.  相似文献   

10.
In this study we discuss the problem of dating the Kiryabinka complex. The data collected on zircons from pyroxenites of the Kiryabinka polyphase pyroxenite-gabbro complex can help address a number of controversial issues regarding the Precambrian geology of the Southern Urals. First, the age of the complex (T = 680 ± 3.4 Ma) can be assigned within the late Riphean (RF4, Arshinian) or the middle Neoproterozoic (Cryogenian). The available zircon dates from gabbroic and granitoid rocks in the western flank of the Southern Urals (Berdyaush, Akhmer, and Barangul massifs) are supplemented with a new age of ultramafic rocks, the differentiates of a basaltic magma, which further corroborate the conclusion about the Upper Riphean age of the country rocks.  相似文献   

11.
The climatic impact on the formation of fine-grained rocks from the Riphean stratotype and Vendian Asha Group on the western slope of the South Urals during the time interval lasting approximately 1200 Ma is considered. It is shown that these rocks are largely represented by “tectonosilicate-dominated” shales. This feature combined with changes in the average K2O/Al2O3 values disavows the hypothesis in (Kennedy et al., 2006), according to which the growth of free oxygen concentration in the Late Riphean and Vendian atmosphere was determined by gradual intensification of the organic carbon extraction from the biosphere by clays. The average values of the hydrolyzate module, chemical index of alteration (CIA), and several lithogeochemical parameters calculated for the Riphean and Vendian clayey rocks provide grounds for the conclusion that intensity of weathering in paleodrainage areas during the accumulation of the Upper Precambrian sedimentary successions was low. The curve reflecting changes of the average CIA values in the Upper Precambrian fine-grained siliciclastic rocks of the South Urals is similar to some extent with the “standard” CIAcorrect. curve (GonzalezAlvarez and Kerrich, 2012). It is assumed that changes in microand macrobiotic communities during the Late Precambrian were controlled to a variable extent by climate fluctuations as well. At the same time, these fluctuations most likely left the chemical composition of water in the ocean virtually unchanged, which is evident from analysis of the redox conditions in the ocean and the distribution of primary producers with the average CIAcorrect. and CIA values.  相似文献   

12.
The upper Qigeblaq Formation （Fm） dolostones and the Yurtus Fm phosphatic cherts, black shales, limestones, and dolostones are widely distributed in the Precambrian/Cambrian transitional succession of the Aksu-Wushi area. Negative δ13C excursion above the Yurtus Fm/ Qigeblaq Fm boundary was determined in this study. The pronounced negative carbon isotope excursion occurs in the phosphatic chert layers at the bottom of the Cambrian Yurtus Fm, below which the first appearance of the Asteridium- Heh＇osphaeridium-Comasphaeridium （AHC） acritarch assemblage zone. The δ13C curve of the lower part of the Yurtus Fm in the Aksu-Wushi area was found to be correlated with the early Cambrian δ13C curves of the Zhujiaqing Fm （Daibu Member）, the lower part of the Yanjiahe Fm on the Yangtze Platform in China, the lower Tal Fm in India, the Sukharikha Fm in Siberia, and the upper part of the Tsagaan Oloom Fm in Mongolia through biostigraphy. The lower part of the Yurtus Fm in the Tarim Basin is at the Nemakit-Daldynian stage, and the Precambrian/Cambrian boundary of the Aksu-Wushi area may be located in the phosphatic chert unit which just below the first appearance AHC acritarch assemblage zone. The negative δ13C excursion （N1） across the Precambrian/Cambrian boundary in the studied section may have resulted from oceanic overturning and sea level rise.  相似文献   

13.
梅冥相 《现代地质》2007,21(2):387-396
北京延庆千沟剖面中元古代高于庄组为一套发育在海侵砂岩上的叠层石—非叠层石碳酸盐岩沉积序列,厚度千余米,包括4段:第一段(或称为官地亚组)主要为海侵砂岩地层;第二段(或称为桑树鞍亚组)为发育少量叠层石的含锰白云岩和灰质白云岩地层;第三段又称为张家峪垭组,为一套以均一石灰岩为主的地层序列,发育席底构造且贫乏叠层石;第四段(环秀寺亚组)以叠层石礁白云岩为特征。与蓟县剖面相比较,该剖面的高于庄组具有以下特点:(1)第一段厚度百余米的海侵砂岩地层不但表明了与下伏大红峪组之间存在较为明显的区域不整合面,而且与蓟县剖面厚数百米的叠层石白云岩地层形成明显的区别;(2)在第三段的非叠层石碳酸盐岩沉积序列中,未发现臼齿状构造,但发育丰富而典型的席底构造,而且以均一石灰岩为特征;(3)第四段的厚度为500余m,由罕见的叠层石礁序列所组成。这些特征表明,千沟剖面的高于庄组组成了一个复杂而有序的叠层石—非叠层石碳酸盐岩沉积序列,成为依据沉积相序列进行前寒武纪三级层序划分和二级层序合理归并的典型实例。更为重要的是,第四段中的叠层石生物礁和第三段的均一石灰岩序列的存在,反映了一些值得进一步研究的问题:如前寒武纪叠层石生物礁的沉积模式,非叠层石灰岩序列是否代表了一次叠层石衰减事件等等。  相似文献   

14.
Structure of the lower subformation of the Khaipakh Formation from the upper portion of the Middle Riphean Olenek Uplift (northern Siberia) is considered. It has been noted for the first time that the glauconite-containing sandy-aleurolitic rocks (hereafter, sandstones and siltstones) in sections of the Khorbusuonka River include glauconitite laminas and siderite lenses that are distinct marker horizons of this stratigraphic interval. It has been shown that the glauconitites are weakly cemented and almost completely composed of glauconite grains and glauconite cement. The paper presents detailed mineralogical and structural-crystallochemical characteristics of Al-glauconite in specimens with different degrees of cementation (solid and loose rocks). The paper discusses genetic features of glauconite grains and their secondary alterations. Comparative characteristics of glauconite from solid and loose rocks from both Khaipakh sections and previously studied terrigenous rocks of the Arymas and Totta formations (Middle Riphean Olenek Uplift and Uchur-Maya region) are given. Suitability of glauconite extracted from the glauconitites for isotope-geochronological investigations is estimated. Literature and original data on glauconitites formed in situ in Precambrian and Phanerozoic sections are compared. It is concluded that their primary macroscopic and microscopic features are very similar.  相似文献   

15.
The Middle Oxfordian to lowermost Upper Kimmeridgian ammonite faunas from northern Central Siberia (Nordvik, Chernokhrebetnaya, and Levaya Boyarka sections) are discussed, giving the basis for distinguishing the ammonite zones based on cardioceratid ammonites of the genus Amoeboceras (Boreal zonation), and, within the Kimmeridgian Stage, faunas–for distinguishing zones based on the aulacostephanid ammonites (Subboreal zonation). The succession of Boreal ammonites is essentially the same as in other areas of the Arctic and NW Europe, but the Subboreal ammonites differ somewhat from those known from NW Europe and Greenland. The Siberian aulacostephanid zones—the Involuta Zone and the Evoluta Zone—are correlated with the Baylei Zone (without its lowermost portion), and the Cymodoce Zone/lowermost part of the Mutabilis Zone (the Askepta Subzone) from NW Europe. The uniform character of the Boreal ammonite faunas in the Arctic makes possible a discussion on their phylogeny during the Late Oxfordian and Kimmeridgian: the succession of particular groups of Amoeboceras species referred to successive subgenera is revealed by the occurrence of well differentiated assemblages of typical normal-sized macro and microconchs, intermittently marked by the occurrence of assemblages of paedomorphic “small-sized microconchs” appearing at some levels preceeding marked evolutionary modifications. Some comments on the paleontology of separate groups of ammonites are also given. These include a discussion on the occurrence of Middle Oxfordian ammonites of the genus Cardioceras in the Nordvik section in relation to the critical review of the paper of Rogov and Wierzbowski (2009) by Nikitenko et al. (2011). The discussion shows that the oldest deposits in the section belong to the Middle Oxfordian, which results in the necessity for some changes in the foraminiferal zonal scheme of Nikitenko et al. (2011). The ammonites of the Pictonia involuta group are distinguished as the new subgenus Mesezhnikovia Wierzbowski and Rogov.  相似文献   

16.
The Grenvillian orogeny (～1250 to 980 Ma) was one of the most significant Riphean events. It determined the formation of many structures observable now in North and South America, northwestern Europe, South Africa, Western Australia, Antarctica, and other regions. Nevertheless, its reflections in the most complete and relatively well investigated Upper Precambrian sedimentary sections of northern Eurasia such as the Riphean stratotype (Bashkir meganticlinorium) and hypostratotype (Uchur-Maya region) still remain unknown. This is primarily true of the petrographic and chemical compositions of terrigenous rocks. This work is dedicated to the analysis of peculiar features in variations of the whole-rock chemical composition of sandstones and fine-grained clastic rocks (shales, mudstones, fine-grained clayey siltstones) that constitute Middle-Upper Riphean boundary layers of the Bashkir meganticlinorium, Kama-Belaya aulacogen, and Uchur-Maya region. The analysis reveals no tendency for the decrease in the degree of the chemical and, consequently, mineralogical maturity in the upward direction through the Middle-Upper Riphean sections in the above-mentioned regions. The whole-rock compositions of fine-grained clastic rocks associated with sandstones correspond mostly to that of “common” Upper Precambrian clayey rocks. The formation of practically the entire Yurmatinian-Karatavian succession in the Bashkir meganticlinorium proceeded under relatively stable TDM and ?Nd(T) values. The period of 1250 to 980 Ma in the central and eastern parts of the Siberian Platform was marked by repeated rifting episodes alternating with accumulation of mature platformal sediments, although repercussions of Grenvillian collisional processes are missing from this region as well. The performed analysis provides grounds for the conclusion that contribution of the Grenvillian events to the formation of most complete Riphean successions in northern Eurasia was insignificant.  相似文献   

17.
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18.
The Upper Riphean Shaman ophiolitic assemblage was first distinguished and described in the territory of North Transbaikalia. Ophiolites found within a narrow suture (Shaman paleospreading zone) are represented by serpentinized ultrabasites with numerous plagiogranite veins having a U-Pb age of 971 ± 14 Ma, gabbros (939 ± 11 Ma), and basalts (892 ± 16 Ma). The ophiolite section also contains dikes of diabases and gabbro-diabases, siliceous-terrigenous stratum (black shale) of Upper Riphean age. The fragments of island-arc complexes (differentiated volcanites, gabbro-diorites, granites) of the Kelyan island-arc system are also found within the Shaman zone. The presence of Upper Riphean ophiolites in Baikalides of North Transbaikalia testifies to the formation of oceanic crust of the marginal spreading basins in the Precambrian Paleo-Pacific Ocean and the emerging Paleoasian Ocean.  相似文献   

19.
Various sedimentary sequences of the Himalaya reflecting different tectonic cycles when compared with the ages of (i) unconformity, (ii) pre-Tertiary metamorphism, (iii) granites and (iv) pre-Tertiary deformations point to following pre-Tertiary Orogenies: (i) Sundernagar (Middle Precambrian), (ii) Shali (Vendian), (iii) Jasim-Kurgiakh (Ordovician), (iv) Blaini-Thidsi (Upper Paleozoic) and (v) Tal-Chikkim (Middle-Upper Cretaceous). Besides these, minor impulses identifiable are: (i) Bandel-2 (Middle Riphean), (ii) Tangze (Devonian), (iii) Infra Krol (Upper Permian), (iv) Tandi (? Callovian) and (v) Krol (Upper Jurassic - Lower Cretaceous). Due to paucity of deformation structures related to these earth movements, it is suggested that these were either (i) mainly epeirogenic, (ii) feebly orogenic or (iii) they produced folds which were coaxial with subsequent Himalayan folds hence indistinguishable from the latter.  相似文献   

20.
Based on the study of Upper Precambrian rocks penetrated by the Pavlovskii Posad parametric borehole in the 1770–4780 m interval, the Riphean succession is underlain by quartzose sandstones. The aulacogen within the Moscow Syneclise was covered by sediments accumulated during the intense chemical weathering of a peneplain. Above the 3550 m level, Upper Precambrian rocks comprise arkoses with abundant garnet. The immature (in terms of lithology and mineralogy) arkosic sequence was probably accumulated in grabenshaped structures (aulacogens).  相似文献   

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