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红亚矮星是甚小质量恒星中的贫金属成员,质量从约0.5M⊙(M⊙为太阳质量)到H燃烧的最小质量(0:075M⊙0:085M⊙,取决于金属丰度),其寿命长于哈勃年龄,是银河系结构和化学增丰史的重要示踪体。与银盘上数量最多的恒星成员红矮星不同,红亚矮星在太阳附近非常稀少,并且其运动学特征与盘矮星有较大差异,属于年老银河系星族,即为年老盘星族、厚盘星族或晕星族。观测上,红亚矮星可以根据其不同于红矮星的自行、测光和光谱特征被识别和证认。由于其恒星表面大气温度很低,并且颜色比同质量的矮星更蓝,因此红亚矮星在赫罗图上位于主序带末端的下方,介于矮星与白矮星之间。红亚矮星的光学波段光谱由金属氧化物(如TiO和VO)和氢化物(如CaH和H2O)的分子吸收带占主导。红亚矮星可按其光谱形态和分子带特征分成不同的光谱型和金属丰度等级,其中晚M型到早L型的亚矮星既可能是小质量的恒星,也可能是较大质量的年轻褐矮星。介绍了对红亚矮星研究的历史背景和前沿动态,详细阐述了光谱分析方法在研究亚矮星中的重要性,以及根据光谱特征对亚矮星进行分类的方法。最后,总结了甚小质量恒星大气模型的发展过程,并探讨了如何利用模型对亚矮星的大气参数进行估算等热点问题。 相似文献
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本文验证了恒星目视表面亮度参数Fv与色指数（V－I）之间的单值关系并将其应用于白矮星半径测定研究，对68颗白矮星求得了平均线半径为0.0103R⊙；在对DA型和非DA型白矮星的关分别进行考察中发现：平均来说，非DA型白矮星的线半径比DA型白矮星小12％左右。 相似文献
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极小质量白矮星双星对于双星演化、公共包层、AM CVn双星、星震学研究都十分重要。考虑到它们的周期比较短,它们还是重要的引力波源,然而它们的形成和演化仍然不清楚。通过利用最新的一种磁滞模型,建立了极小质量白矮星双星的形成和演化模型。研究给出它们形成的初始参数空间,并发现通过稳定物质转移形成的极小质量白矮星的质量范围为(0.11～0.21) M⊙。此外,研究发现部分极小质量白矮星双星能在宇宙年龄内演化成为AM CVn双星,这些极小质量白矮星的质量范围为0.14～0.16 M⊙。研究还发现它们的引力波信号能被LISA、天琴、太极探测器探测到。最后还讨论了不同的物质积累效率对于同一双星系统演化结果的影响,发现它除了明显影响主星最终质量外,对于伴星和双星演化过程并无太大影响。 相似文献
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为解释名的Ｇ矮星问题,提出银河系化学演化的三成分模型,即由银晕、厚盘和薄盘所构成的演化模型。相邻演化阶段间隔着一个快速坍缩过程,对不同星族成分的演化过程分别进行模拟,并在总体上得到一个太阳附近区域的Ｇ矮星丰度分布函数,检验了三种不同的模型：初始富化模型、比例生成模型和坍缩模型,利用最小二乘拟合得到最佳模型的参数。结果表明,太阳附近区域的化学演化受物质交换的影响较小,至少在银河系演化的晚期,可将太 相似文献
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贫金属富碳恒星(Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor, CEMP)是研究宇宙早期恒星性质和化学演化的极佳样本,通常认为来自双星.目前发现的贫金属富碳星中有9颗天琴RR变星(RR Lyrae star, RRL),其中至少7颗未表现出任何双星特征.传统双星物质转移模型不足以充分解释贫金属富碳天琴RR变星(CEMP-RR Lyrae)单星的形成.之前研究表明氦白矮星和赫氏空隙星(HG)的并合模型可以解释部分富碳红巨星单星的碳增丰现象,因此贫金属富碳星单星也可能来自氦白矮星和赫氏空隙星的并合模型渠道.通过详细计算的氦白矮星和赫氏空隙星并合模型来检验这一演化渠道,结果表明:该并合模型在后续的演化过程中,其重力加速度、温度、表面碳丰度均能与观测符合较好.由此,氦白矮星和赫氏空隙星并合模型极有可能是贫金属富碳天琴RR变星的形成渠道之一. 相似文献
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矮新星是爆发频繁的激变变星,主星是白矮星,次星是充满洛希瓣的晚型矮星;白矮星周围有吸积盘,物质流与吸积盘的碰撞区域即热斑。与大多数密近双星系统相比,矮新星最大的特点是吸积盘的存在以及频繁的爆发现象。首先介绍了矮新星的研究历史和现状,对吸积盘的形成过程进行总结,给出了矮新星的基本物理图像;其次简要介绍了矮新星的各种次型的特征和形成原因,对目前的爆发模型进行归纳;回顾了矮新星中著名的轨道周期空缺现象和最短轨道周期截止现象,并给出其在标准化模型下的解释以及标准化模型面临的挑战;举例说明了矮新星的轨道周期变化分析不仅对研究其演化起着重要作用,而且是探测褐矮星和地外行星的重要手段;对食光变曲线的分析方法和矮新星中罕见的高低态变化进行了简单小结;最后,进行总结并讨论矮新星领域的发展趋势和目前的一些热点问题。 相似文献
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This is a study of the stability of strange dwarfs, superdense stars with a small self-confining core (M
core
< 0.02 M⊙) containing strange quark matter and an extended crust consisting of atomic nuclei and degenerate electron gas. The mass
and radius of these stars are of the same orders as those of ordinary white dwarfs. It is shown that any study of their stability
must examine the dependence of the mass on two variables, which can, for convenience, be taken to be the rest mass (total
baryon mass) of the quark core and the energy density ρ
tr
of the crust at the surface of the quark core. The range of variation of these quantities over which strange dwarfs are stable
is determined. This region is referred to as the stability valley for strange dwarfs. The mass and radius from theoretical
models of strange dworfs are compared with observational data obtained through the HIPPARCOS program and the most probable
candidate strange dwarfs are identified. 相似文献
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《天文和天体物理学研究(英文版)》2018,(12)
The equation of state of the electron degenerate gas in a white dwarf is usually treated by employing the ideal dispersion relation.However, the effect of quantum gravity is expected to be inevitably present and when this effect is considered through a non-commutative formulation, the dispersion relation undergoes a substantial modification.In this paper, we take such a modified dispersion relation and find the corresponding equation of state for the degenerate electron gas in white dwarfs.Hence we solve the equation of hydrostatic equilibrium and find that this leads to the possibility of the existence of excessively high values of masses exceeding the Chandrasekhar limit, although the quantum gravity effect is taken to be very small.It is only when we impose the additional effect of neutronization that we obtain white dwarfs with masses close to the Chandrasekhar limit with nonzero radii at the neutronization threshold.We demonstrate these results by giving numerical estimates for the masses and radii of helium, carbon and oxygen white dwarfs. 相似文献
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We study quarkand strangequarkmatter in the contextof generalrelativity.For this purpose,we solve Einstein's field equations for quark and strange quark matter in spherical symmetric space-times. We analyze strange quark matter for the different equations of state (EOS) in the spherical symmetric space-times,thus we are able to obtain the space-time geometries of quark and strange quark matter. Also,we discuss the features of the obtained solutions. The obtained solutions are consistent with the results of Brookhaven Laboratory,i.e. the quark-gluon plasma has a vanishing shear (i.e. quark-gluon plasma is perfect). 相似文献
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We perform a detailed physical analysis for a class of exact solutions for the Einstein–Maxwell equations. The linear equation of state consistent with quark stars has been incorporated in the model. The physical analysis of the exact solutions is performed by considering the charged anisotropic stars for the particular nonsingular exact model obtained by Maharaj, Sunzu and Ray. In performing such an analysis we regain masses obtained by previous researchers for isotropic and anisotropic matter. It is also indicated that other masses and radii may be generated which are in acceptable ranges consistent with observed values of stellar objects. A study of the mass-radius relation indicates the effect of the electromagnetic field and anisotropy on the mass of the relativistic star. 相似文献
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The state of supranuclear matter in compact stars remains puzzling, and it is argued that pulsars could be strangeon stars. What would happen if binary strangeon stars merge? This kind of merger could result in the formation of a hyper-massive strangeon star, accompanied by bursts of gravitational waves and electromagnetic radiation(and even a strangeon kilonova explained in the paper). The tidal polarizability of binary strangeon stars is different from that of binary neutron stars, because a strangeon star is self-bound on the surface by the fundamental strong force while a neutron star by the gravity, and their equations of state are different. Our calculation shows that the tidal polarizability of merging binary strangeon stars is favored by GW170817. Three kinds of kilonovae(i.e., of neutron, quark and strangeon) are discussed, and the light curve of the kilonova AT 2017 gfo following GW170817 could be explained by considering the decaying strangeon nuggets and remnant star spin-down. Additionally,the energy ejected to the fireball around the nascent remnant strangeon star, being manifested as a gamma-ray burst, is calculated. It is found that, after a prompt burst, an X-ray plateau could follow in a timescale of 10~2-10~3 s. Certainly, the results could be tested also by further observational synergies between gravitational wave detectors(e.g., Advanced LIGO) and X-ray telescopes(e.g., the Chinese HXMT satellite and e XTP mission), and especially if the detected gravitational wave form is checked by peculiar equations of state provided by the numerical relativistical simulation. 相似文献
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O. G. Benvenuto † 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2006,371(3):1351-1358
We continue the study of the properties of non-radial pulsations of strange dwarfs. These stars are essentially white dwarfs with a strange quark matter (SQM) core. We have previously shown that the spectrum of oscillations should be formed by several, well-detached clusters of modes inside which the modes are almost evenly spaced. Here, we study the relation between the characteristics of these clusters and the size of the SQM core. We do so assuming that, for a given cluster, the kinetic energy of the modes is constant. For a constant amplitude of the oscillation at the stellar surface, we find that the kinetic energy of the modes is very similar for the cases of models with Log Q SQM =−2, −3 and −4, while it is somewhat lower for Log Q SQM =−5 (here Q SQM ≡ M SQM / M ; M SQM and M are the masses of the SQM core and the star, respectively). Remarkably, the shape (amplitude of the modes versus period of oscillation) of the clusters of periods is very similar. However, the number of modes inside each cluster is strongly (and non-monotonously) dependent upon the size of the SQM core.
The characteristics of the spectrum of oscillations of strange dwarf stars are very different from the ones corresponding to normal white dwarfs and should be, in principle, observable. Consequently, the stars usually considered as white dwarfs may indeed provide an interesting and affordable way to detect SQM in an astrophysical environment. 相似文献
The characteristics of the spectrum of oscillations of strange dwarf stars are very different from the ones corresponding to normal white dwarfs and should be, in principle, observable. Consequently, the stars usually considered as white dwarfs may indeed provide an interesting and affordable way to detect SQM in an astrophysical environment. 相似文献
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Somenath Chakrabarty 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1994,213(1):121-129
The stability of strange quark matter in the presence of a strong magnetic field is investigated using a dynamical, density dependent, quark mass approach to confinement. Changes in both the single particle and bulk energies of a system which are due to the strong magnetic field are also calculated. It is shown that the presence of a magnetic field makes strange quark matter energetically more stable. 相似文献
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Renxin Xu 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2005,297(1-4):179-190
More and more observational hints of quark stars are proposed these years though pulsars are considered conventionally to
be normal neutron stars. The existence of low-mass quark stars is a direct consequence of the possibility that pulsar-like stars are actually quark stars, because of the ability
that quark matter can confine itself by color interaction. After a brief introduction to the study of quark stars, the various
astrophysical implications of low-mass quark stars are investigated. It is addressed that some of the transient unidentified
γ -ray sources are probably merging quark stars. The observability of low-mass quark stars is discussed. 相似文献
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Chris Flynn J. Sommer-Larsen B. Fuchs David S. Graff Samir Salim 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2001,322(3):553-560
Ibata et al. have recently discovered very faint, moving objects in the Hubble Deep Field (HDF). The number, apparent magnitudes and proper motions of these objects are consistent with old white dwarfs making up part of the Galactic dark halo. We review a number of ground-based proper motion surveys in which nearby dark-halo white dwarfs might be present, if they have the colours and absolute magnitudes proposed. No such objects have been found, whereas we argue here that several times more would be expected than in the HDF. We conclude that it is unlikely that hydrogen-atmosphere white dwarfs make up a significant fraction of the Galactic dark matter. No limits can be placed as yet on helium-atmosphere dwarfs from optical searches. 相似文献
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早期中子星和夸克物质 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
夸克禁闭的解除与夸克物质的存在一直是物理学家极感兴趣的问题。尽管理论上已指出在超高温或超高密的条件下可以有夸克物质存在,但是由于地面实验室的条件所限,目前还不能通过实验证实这一点.宇宙中被观测到的中子星(例如crab和Vela脉冲星)的中心密度大于4倍的核物质密度,其中心温度也可以达到10~8—10~9K,于是人们希 相似文献