共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
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工程结构三维疲劳裂纹最大应力强度因子计算 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
介绍了裂纹的类型、裂纹尖端应力场的奇异性。以一维问题为例,推导论证了奇异单元能够很好的反映裂纹尖端应力场的奇异性。应力强度因子一般表达式表明应力强度因子与载荷呈线性关系,并依赖于物体和裂纹的几何形状和尺寸。本文借助大型通用有限元软件ANSYS,采用位移外插法计算了三维表面裂纹前沿不同位置处的应力强度因子,并与《应力强度因子手册》基于实验的理论公式计算结果相比较。结果表明:有限元结果与理论解误差较小,裂纹最深处应力强度因子最大。 相似文献
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岩石破裂时电磁辐射的机理研究 总被引：21，自引：6，他引：21
本文提出了岩石破裂时的电磁辐射是裂纹尖端电荷随着裂纹加速扩展运动所产生的假说.应用断裂力学方法推导了岩石破裂时初始裂纹长度与裂纹扩展加速度的关系,并计算了其速度和加速度值.根据破裂岩石的电子发射理论,解释了裂纹尖端带电荷的现象.利用岩石在单轴压缩致裂过程中记录到的近场电磁辐射的实验结果,计算了裂纹扩展时裂纹尖端的电荷量和远场电磁辐射强度.通过对电磁辐射波谱分析的研究,得到岩石破裂时电磁辐射频率上限的估计值.最后对岩石破裂时出现的声光电磁现象在理论上作了统一的定性的解释. 相似文献
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断层三维扩展过程的实验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
实验研究三维断层的形成和扩展对于理解实际断层作用过程具有重要意义．在双轴压缩条件下开展了断层三维扩展过程的实验研究,利用多通道数字化高密度应变观测和基于可见光图像分析的数字散斑相关测量技术对岩石样品应变场的详细结构进行了动态观测和分析,同时利用多通道声发射全波形三维定位系统对样品内部微破裂的发育过程进行了观测．实验结果表明,断层在三维空间的扩展模式与二维明显不同,表现出更复杂的空间展布形态和变形机制．断层的三维扩展过程可以划分为3个基本阶段：第一裂纹扩展阶段——翼裂纹扩展阶段、转换阶段——花瓣裂纹活动阶段和第二裂纹扩展阶段——贝壳断面形成阶段．不同阶段具有不同的主导裂纹扩展方式,并对应不同的变形场和微破裂分布．其中,花瓣裂纹活动阶段在三维断层的发育过程中至关紧要,它是从表面似二维扩展向三维扩展转换的关键,也是三维断层扩展区别于二维断层的核心所在。 相似文献
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用线弹性断裂力学对连续介质中三维裂纹(KⅢ≠0)破裂的拉应力断裂准则提出了补充性假说和相应的计算方法（第一主微分面定点法）。对于给定应力强度因子Ki（i=Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ）的裂纹问题,从理论上给出了初始破裂面完整形式的解析表示或数值计算结果。推导结果是,三维拉张破裂的初始破裂面是以破裂点为顶点的广角锥面,跨在原始裂纹面的前缘,它的外缘为螺旋线,锥面的每一条母线都与过该线的第一主微分面重合。大量的这样的初始破裂面叠错密接,互不相交。推算的结果与已有的三锥破裂实验结果基本符合。把补充后的拉应力判据和最大拉应力理论相比较,发现在应力分量只保留奇异项的情况下,这两种判据是等价的;但如果对应力分量作零阶项修正,则两种判据只在三维(KⅢ≠0)问题中等价,在二维(KⅢ=0)问题中不完全等价。 相似文献
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在研究地震孕育及震源破裂的问题时,用三维破裂来模拟地震破裂过程,比二维破裂与实际更加接近。我们设计了一组实验,采用几种不同的材料（玻璃、有机玻璃和大理石等）做成平板试件,在其中心预制非穿透裂纹,并在单轴压下进行了实验研究。 实验结果表明,非穿透裂纹与穿透裂纹的扩展情况有质的差别。非穿透裂纹的扩展并不沿原裂纹面延伸,而是沿裂纹前缘扩展出许多裂纹面,每一个破裂面都是复杂的扭曲、拐折的曲面。这可能意味着实际地震断层的扩展情况也是极为复杂的。 相似文献
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疲劳裂纹扩展高分辨率CT分析新进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
材料疲劳破坏的本质是疲劳裂纹的萌生和扩展,采用高分辨率CT研究疲劳裂纹是当前国际上的研究热点。本文首先总结了高分辨率CT设备的发展现状,指出国内也具备了开展相关研究的设备条件。其次总结分析了高分辨率CT在疲劳裂纹扩展中的应用及国内外研究现状。最后对高分辨率CT在疲劳裂纹中的应用发展趋势进行了展望。 相似文献
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本文采用边界元法研究了半空间中一近表面裂纹对SH波的散射问题,导出了以裂纹张开位移为未知函数的边界积分方程,针对边界积分方程高阶奇异性的特点,运用降低奇异性的方法,计算了裂纹边界面的裂纹张开位移、半空间表面的散射位移、裂纹尖端的动态应力强度因子。给出的算例表明,本文的方法不仅计算量小,而且有较好的精度。 相似文献
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常规无损检测方法难以对构件内部短裂纹的启裂和扩展过程进行有效的监测。工业用计算机断层成象(ICT)作为一种先进的无损检测手段,有着其它常规无损检测方法所无法比拟的独特的优越性。本文采用近年来在工业CT和疲劳断裂研究方面取得的最新成果,提出一种基于图像密度场的疲劳短裂纹扩展监测新方法。实验证明,该检测方法能得到更为准确的寿命预测精度。 相似文献
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Numerical studies using the displacement discontinuity method show that a single shear crack under compression propagates in its own direction, because such propagation results in the maximum release of strain energy. The methods of linear elastic fracture mechanics may not be used for such a closed crack, and the stress intensity factors are meaningless in that case. Laboratory observations of propagation by means of kinks at an angle of approximately 70° to the crack may be due to heterogeneities, to the effect of a preexisting crack, to end effects, to microcracking, or to some combination of these factors. Such kinks may thus be local phenomena which cannot release most of the strain energy, and are not incompatible with our numerical results which are based on a global energy balance. 相似文献
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W. Müller 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1986,124(4-5):693-709
Fracture phenomena in rocks are associated with mainly mode I crack growth, sometimes superposed by shear or torsion. The present paper contributes to a fracture mechanics analysis of mode I and mixed mode crack propagation, by presenting reliable fracture toughness data for some rocks which include the effect of induced crack propagation rate, and the influence of effective pressure, and by numerical calculations on fracture propagation in layered rock formations. Empirical relations between fracture toughness,K
Ic' and induced crack opening displacement rate, as well as effective pressure, are given. The observedK
Ic pressure relation supports a theoretical model which takes into account the existence of microcracks in the crack tip region. Finite element calculations of fracture propagation in layered rock formations demonstrate the important effect of mixed mode crack growth. The numerical approach is particularly applied to single crack growth in hydraulic fracturing and in three point bending tests on layered single edge crack specimens. 相似文献
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基于弯曲弹簧模型的裂纹混凝土梁动力特性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用结构振动波传播理论,将含裂纹混凝土梁以裂纹为界划分为两段连续的波导体,为了表征由裂纹引起的梁中波传播的不连续特性,引入了模拟裂纹的弯曲弹簧模型。通过理论计算得到了裂纹简支梁的特征方程,并以一裂纹混凝土简支梁为例进行数值分析,讨论了裂纹的深度和位置对裂纹梁各阶固有频率的影响。 相似文献
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Ursula Iturrarn-Viveros Francisco J. Snchez-Sesma Francisco Luzn 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2008,64(3-4):70-82
Numerical modelling techniques are now becoming common for understanding the complicated nature of seismic wave propagation in fractured rock. Here the Indirect Boundary Element Method (IBEM) is applied to study scattering of elastic waves by cracks. The problem addressed in this paper is the diffraction of P and S waves by open 3-D cracks of arbitrary shape embedded in a homogeneous isotropic medium. The IBEM yields the value of the jump of displacements between opposite surfaces of the crack, often called Crack Opening Displacement (COD). This is used to evaluate the solution away from the crack. We use a multi-regional approach which consists of splitting a surface S into two identical surfaces S+ and S− chosen such that the crack lies at the interface. The resulting integral equations are not hyper-singular and wave propagation within media that contain open cracks can be rigorously solved. In order to validate the method, we compare results of displacements of a penny-shaped crack for a vertical incident P-wave with the classic results by Mal (1970) obtaining excellent agreement. This comparison gives us confidence to study cases where no analytic solutions exist. Some examples of incidence of P or S waves upon cracks with various shapes are depicted and the salient aspects of the method are also discussed. Both frequency and time-domain results are included. 相似文献
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Experimental study of the formation and propagation of three-dimensional (3D) faults is of great sig- nificance in the understanding of the propagation process developing from initial natural faults. In the study described in this paper, experimental investigations of 3D propagation processes of a type of surface fault are carried out under biaxial compression. The strain field near the surface fault is dy- namically measured and fully analyzed with a high-density Multi-Channel Digital Strain Gauge (MCDSG) and Digital Speckle Correlation Method (DSCM) based on the white-light image analysis. Simultane- ously the micro-fracture process involved in fault formation is observed by a 3D acoustic emission (AE) location system with a set of multi-channel whole-wave record equipment. The experimental results show that the 3D propagation process of surface fault differs greatly from that of the two-dimensional (2D) state and that a new more complicated type of 3D morphological characters and deformation mechanisms are produced. The 3D propagation process of surface faults may be divided into three stages: 1) the first stage of crack propagation initiated by wing cracks; 2) the conversion stage propa- gated by petal cracks; and 3) the second stage of crack propagation formed by shell-shaped fracture surface. The primary propagation patterns of the three stages are different. The corresponding defor- mation fields and micro-fracture distributions are likewise different. The fracture activities from petal cracks especially are of vital importance during surface fault propagation. This is also a key conversion state and marks an intrinsic difference between 2D-like and the 3D state in fault development. 相似文献
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In this work, a hybrid boundary integral equation method (BIEM) is developed, based on both displacement and hypersingular traction formulations, for the analysis of time-harmonic seismic waves propagating through cracked, multi-layered geological regions with surface topography and under plane strain conditions. Specifically, the displacement-based BIEM is used for a multi-layered deposit with interface cracks, while the regularized, traction-based BIEM is used when internal cracks are present within the layers. The standard uni-dimensional boundary element with parabolic shape functions is employed for discretizing the free surface and the layer interfaces, while special discontinuous boundary elements are placed near the crack tips to model the asymptotic behaviour of both displacements and tractions. This formulation yields displacement amplitudes and phase angles on the free surface of a geological deposit, as well as stress intensity factors near the tips of the cracks. Finally, in the companion paper, numerical results are presented which show that both scattered wave and stress concentration fields are sensitive to the incidence seismic wave parameters and to specific site conditions such as surface topography, layering, the presence of cracks and crack interaction. 相似文献
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Fritz Gassmann 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1964,58(1):63-112
Summary Section 1 (and 11) develops the concepts of the front velocity, the front gradient, the travel time in space and on seismometric profiles, the profile velocity and the profile gradient in connection with the propagation of the fronts of elastic waves in solid isotropic and anisotropic media. The sectional velocity and the sectional gradient are defined in terms of the motion of the curve of intersection of a front with a fixed surface. Section 2 (and 12) relates the coefficients of elasticity of the medium, the front types, and their respective rays. In section 12, the theory of fronts of arbitrary shape and of the corresponding rays for any anisotropic, homogeneous or inhomogeneous solid medium is summarized. In section 3 (and 13), the law of reflection and refraction of fronts on surfaces of discontinuity of arbitrary shape is presented. Sections 4 to 6 (and 14 to 16) treat some elementary applications of seismic travel time methods to homogeneous, uniaxially anisotropic media (=transverse isotropy) in greater detail. In section 4 (and 14), the travel time of a direct front generated by a point source is considered and it is shown how the coefficients of elasticity of the medium can be found based on travel time measurements. The seismic prospection of a plane reflector and of a reflecting boundary of arbitrary shape and position are discussed in section 5 (and 15). In section 6 (and 16), the seismic refraction method is used to locate a plane boundary between a homogeneous, uniaxially anisotropic and a homogeneous isotropic medium, where the boundary is perpendicular or at an arbitrary angle to the direction of anisotropy. 相似文献