共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
针对解析方法求解半无限含水层井流问题,对直线补给边界附近的井流采用数值方法进行模拟计算,并将两种方法进行比较,数值计算结果表明,存在补给边界时,抽水一定时间以后降深能达到稳定,但仅仅代表观测点处降深达到稳定,而整个渗流场并未达到稳定状态. 相似文献
2.
指出承压含水层盖层的弯曲变形与开采井周围的径向地下水运动存在相互作用, 而这一效应在传统的井流理论中没有被认识到.通过引入弹性薄板理论, 建立了无越流的承压含水层井流-顶板弯曲效应的解析模型, 同时考虑了含水层和水的压缩性, 结果表明Theis井流方程给出的抽水降深偏小.在此基础上推导了有越流承压含水层井流-盖层弯曲效应的偏微分方程, 求出了解析解, 并与传统理论的结果进行了对比, 表明Hantush-Jacob公式计算的降深也是偏小的.在抽水井附近和抽水初期, 传统理论可能导致显著的相对误差. 相似文献
3.
抽水井附近由于流速过快往往发生非达西流,而远离抽水井随着流速下降又变为达西流.为了描述这些特征,建立了承压含水层中非完整井附近“非达西-达西”两区渗流模型,即距离抽水井较近的区域由于流速较快假设发生非达西渗流,并利用Izbash公式刻画,而距离抽水井较远由于流速较慢假设仍然满足达西定律,含水层中垂向流速较小也利用达西定律描述.通过线性化近似方法结合Laplace变换和有限Fourier余弦变换对模型进行了求解,分析探讨了该两区模型下水位降深曲线特征.结果表明:抽水初期,非达西渗流区域水位降深与全非达西渗流模型结果吻合,而抽水后期两区模型非达西渗流区域的水位降深与全达西模型水位降深基本一致,但大于全非达西渗流模型的水位降深;抽水初期,两区模型中达西渗流区域的水位降深比全达西渗流模型结果大,但比全非达西渗流模型结果小;对不同时间的水位降深随井距变化曲线分析发现非达西渗流区域水位降深随Izbash公式中的幂指数n增大而减小,而在达西渗流区域水位降深基本不受n值的影响.研究成果对非完整井抽水试验参数反演具有重要理论意义. 相似文献
4.
刘毅 《水文地质工程地质》1991,(2)
实际抽水试验暴露出了环状承压含水层的特点,本文依据作者1987年提出的扇环承压含水层扇顶井流模型,以及1988年提如的非均质效应假定,通过数学推导得出了在不同抽水阶段的降深解析式,又通过数值模拟归纳出了其三种s_1——lgt过渡曲线类型,最后以此s_1——lgt曲线特点及非均质效应临界降深(s_c),建立了环状非均质含水层的s_1——lgt求参方法,并应用它较好地解决了海泉含水层的实际求参问题。 相似文献
5.
BP神经网络在BOULTON法确定潜水含水层参数中的应用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文在分析具有迟后排水的N.S.Boulton第二潜水井流模型解析解的基础上,利用复合高斯求积法和学习速率、动量因子自适应的BP神经网络相结合对该模型数值求解,提出了确定潜水含水层系统参数的Boulton BP法。实例计算结果表明,用Boulton BP法求得参数正演出的降深—时间过程与抽水试验所得降深—时间过程拟合很好。该方法简单,快速,不需要将抽水试验所得降深—时间过程分为前、后两段分别求参,不仅简化潜水含水层的求参过程,而且有良好的求参效果。 相似文献
6.
本文对新疆伊犁盆地库捷尔太铀矿床抽水试验及参数计算方法做了较为详细的对比分析，总结出适合于可地浸砂岩型铀矿床不同工作阶段求取 含水层渗透系数的抽水试验方法；阐述了在自喷井中用扬水试验求取含水层渗透系数方法的可行性及其在实际应用时应注意的问题；提出利用数量固定不可调的深井泵进行变流量抽水以控制不同的降深，解决了多年来因空气压缩机性能所限难以进行长时间抽水的问题，并对抽水试验的延续时间、降深次数以及降深等参数提出了具体建议。 相似文献
7.
汤邦义 《水文地质工程地质》1988,(4)
单井稳定抽水试验是水文地质勘察中取得含水层参数的重要手段之一。依照裘布依水井理论,承压井的降深与流量成正比。但是,在水井动力场中,由于径向流速的不断增大,过滤器的阻力以及三维流等作用,使两者之间往往呈非线性关系,形成不同的涌水量曲线类型,即产生所谓井损。因此,利用单井抽水资料计算含水层参数,首先必须消除井损。单井抽水的井损消除,目前一般采用抛物线方程 相似文献
8.
根据完整井变流量抽水附近地下水运动的解析解,利用积分方程的方法,推导出了水井水位降深以任意一种函数关系随时间变化时含水层中地下水非稳定运动积分方程形式的解,并提出了该积分解相应的近似计算方法.最后通过一个实例验证了该方法的实用性. 相似文献
9.
传统承压含水层井流理论都假定承压水层顶面总应力不变，其隐含的意义是忽略含水层顶板的刚度，从而忽略了顶板弯曲对含水层释水的影响。指出考虑顶板弯曲时，抽水井周围承压含水层顶部的总应力将减小，从而产生比传统理论估计更大的地下水降深，并结合弹性板理论对Theis井流模型作出了改进，新模型的解析解证明Theis模型计算的地下水龙头降深偏低。 相似文献
10.
论述了流量测井的基本理论，涡轮流量计的结构和响应特性，重点分析、讨论利用二次混合抽水二次降深所测得的流量测井曲线，求取含水层渗透系数和静止水位的方法，并以实例说明该方法的具体应用。 相似文献
11.
Xun Zhou 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(3):1311-1317
In a coastal zone an understanding of the distance of the fresh water–salt water interface and its extension inland is important for prevention of sea water intrusion. In this article estimating methods are described for calculating the distance of a fresh water–salt water interface in a coastal confined aquifer based on the submarine fresh groundwater discharge. This groundwater discharge is controlled not only by the aquifer properties and hydraulic head difference, but also by the position of the fresh water–salt water interface in the coastal zone. A homogeneous and isotropic coastal confined aquifer is considered and fresh groundwater flow in the confined aquifer is thought to be at a steady state. Two observation wells at different distances in a profile perpendicular to the coastline are required in calculation of the distance of the interface toe in the coastal zone. Four coastal confined aquifers with horizontal and sloping confining beds and with varying thickness are also considered. Reasonable results are obtained when examples are used to illustrate the application of the methods. The methods require hydraulic head data at the two wells and thickness of the confined aquifers, but the hydraulic conductivity and fresh groundwater flow rate of the confined aquifers are not needed. 相似文献
12.
Analysis of Steady-State Flow To Multiscreened Wells Under Natural Vertical Flow Conditions 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Water levels measured at multiscreened wells in unconfined aquifers may not coincide, in general, with the elevation of the
water table. The presence of vertical gradients (as often is the case in recharge areas) or the existence of confining layers
may cause the water levels to differ from local hydraulic heads in the aquifer. In these cases, a misinterpretation of water
levels may lead to the erroneous conclusion that observed drawdowns are provoked by overpumping. In this paper, we analyze
the effect that a natural vertical gradient has on water levels in wells screened over their entire saturated thickness. As
one would expect, it is observed that, even without pumping, the water level in the wells lies below the water table. Type
curves relating the steady-state drawdown to the vertical gradient and to the hydraulic conductivity anisotropy are presented.
These curves were obtained using a groundwater flow numerical model (FREESURF: Neuman and Witherspoon, 1970). The theoretical
results are checked with field data from deep wells in the detrital Madrid aquifer. In this particular aquifer, it is observed
that the effect of vertical gradients is important both in terms of drawdowns and flow rates.
相似文献
13.
抽水引起的含水层水平应变──地裂缝活动新机理 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
基于Darcy -Gersevanov广义渗流关系式 ,本文首先导出了单井定流量抽水引起的泰斯承压含水层水平运动和应变解析表达式 ,并据此提出了抽水诱发地裂缝活动的含水层水平应变新机理 ,其主要观点为 :受井栅的约束阻挡作用 ,抽水活动将在含水层内部形成近井径向挤压区和远井径向拉张区两个应变区域 ,随着抽水时间的增长 ,近井径向挤压区将逐渐向外扩展 ;当地裂缝及其下伏断层或裂隙位于抽水活动引起的径向拉张应变区域时 ,地裂缝将出现加速活动 ;反之 ,当地裂缝处于抽水活动引起的径向挤压应变区域时 ,地裂缝活动反而受到抑制。上述地裂缝活动机理通过大同机车工厂现场抽水实验得到了初步证实。 相似文献
14.
某深大基坑位于长江下游岸边,场地地层为典型的二元结构,基坑开挖涉及的两层承压含水层间的弱透水层局部缺失,之间水力联系密切,基坑场地地质条件极为复杂,基坑施工降水直接关系到基坑工程的安全。这里将基坑分3个区,分别进行降水设计。具体降水方案:Ⅰ区两层承压含水层和Ⅱ区第一承压含水层被围护结构隔断内外水力联系,采用疏干井降水;Ⅱ区第二承压含水层未被围护结构隔断,Ⅲ区两层承压含水层水力联系密切,针对这两个区域设计了两套降水方案,方案一在Ⅱ区和Ⅲ区均布置有降水井,在Ⅱ区对第二承压含水层降水,在Ⅲ区对第一承压含水层降水;方案二仅在Ⅲ区布置降水井对第一承压含水层降水。为了更好地对降水方案进行对比分析,验证方案的可行性,对此进行了数值模拟分析,计算结果显示,两种方案均能满足降水要求,不过方案二布井数量少,基坑外水位降深较小,对周边环境影响更小,优于方案一。 相似文献
15.
Wang Jianxiu Liu Xiaotian Liu Shaoli Zhu Yanfei Pan Weiqiang Zhou Jie 《Acta Geotechnica》2019,14(1):141-162
Water level is decreased during foundation pit excavation to avoid water inrush under confined water pressure. Cut-off wall is often used as waterproof curtain to partially cut off the dewatered aquifer. When a foundation pit is located in a built-up area and the underlying confined aquifer is not cut off, the drawdown must be minimized outside the pit to avoid land subsidence in buildings and pipelines. The coupling effect of the cut-off wall and pumping well is used to control the drawdown outside the foundation pit. However, the coupling mechanism is not intuitively well understood because of the limitations of existing experimental methods. In this study, transparent soil was introduced to model the coupling mechanism in the physical model test. High-purity fused silica and mixed paraffin oil were used as skeleton and fluid to simulate the confined aquifer and groundwater. Industrial solid dye and paraffin oil were used as tracers. A camera was used to collect flow information. Tests were performed for the combinations of cut-off wall and partially penetrating pumping wells. The insertion depth ratio of the cut-off wall most effectively influenced the drawdown. The layout of the pumping wells in horizontal direction influenced water level distribution and flow rate. The optimal depth of the pumping wells was 1–5 m above the bottom of the cut-off wall, and the optimal horizontal distance between the cut-off wall and the pumping wells was 25% of the pit width. Non-Darcy flow was observed within the range of 0–10 m around the bottom of the cut-off wall. These results were significant in understanding the cut-off wall and pumping well coupling effect on foundation pit dewatering.
相似文献16.
Raziyeh Hendizadeh Mazda Kompanizare Mohammad R. Hashemi G. Reza Rakhshandehroo 《Hydrogeology Journal》2016,24(4):865-876
In this study, the critical (or maximum) discharge rates before saline water enters a well were determined for vertical and horizontal wells in a freshwater aquifer which is separated from a static saline aquifer by a sharp interface. Flow around the well was solved by integration of a point sink solution along the well axis, and both the critical discharge rate and critical interface rise were determined through a comparison of the heads and vertical gradients at the saline–fresh water interface. The rates were determined for vertical and horizontal wells with various lengths and depths for different aquifer salinities. Results were generalized by drawing dimensionless type curves. The results showed that the dimensionless total critical discharge rates are higher for the longer horizontal wells and longer vertical wells with a certain bottom depth, and they almost linearly decrease with well depth at rates of 0.7–0.9. For the dimensionless well length of 0.2, the dimensionless total discharge rate of a horizontal well is about 0.1 more than that of a vertical well with the same length and well-top depth. Also, the critical discharge rates per unit length of well are inversely proportional to well length and remarkably higher for shallower wells. Additionally, the critical pumping rate is proportional to the salinity difference of the aquifers. These results were confirmed by comparison to existing solutions for vertical wells with dimensionless lengths of 0.2, 0.5 and 0.6, and for critical interface rises in the range of 0.75–0.9. 相似文献
17.
A significant component of domestic demand for water of urban areas located in the Gangetic plains is met by heavy pumping of groundwater. The present study is focused on the Patna municipal area, inhabited by 17 million people and spanning over 134 km2, where entire urban water demand is catered from pumping by wells of various capacities and designs. The present study examines the nature of the aquifer system within the urban area, the temporal changes in the water/piezometric level and the recharge mechanism of the deeper aquifers. The aquifer system is made up of medium-to-coarse unconsolidated sand, lying under a ~40-m-thick predominantly argillaceous unit holding 8- to 13-m-thick localised sand layers and continues up to 220 m below ground. Groundwater occurs under semi-confined condition, with transmissivity of aquifers in 5,500–9,200 m2 day?1 range. Hydraulic head of the deeper aquifer remains in 9–19 m range below ground, in contrast to 1–9 m range of that of the upper aquitard zone. The estimated annual groundwater extraction from the deeper aquifer is ~212.0 million m3, which has created a decline of 3.9 m in the piezometric level of the deeper aquifer during the past 30 years. Unregulated construction of deep tube wells with mushrooming of apartment culture may further exacerbate the problem. The sand layers within the aquitard zone are experiencing an annual extraction of 14.5 million m3 and have exhibited stable water level trend for past one and half decades. This unit is recharged from monsoon rainfall, besides contribution from water supply pipe line leakage and seepage from unlined storm water drains. 相似文献
18.
Estimating aquifer hydraulic properties using sinusoidal pumping at the Savannah River site,South Carolina,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A framework for estimating aquifer hydraulic properties using sinusoidal pumping is presented that (1) derives analytical solutions for confined, leaky, and partially penetrating conditions; (2) compares the analytical solutions with a finite element model; (3) establishes a field protocol for conducting sinusoidal aquifer tests; and (4) estimates aquifer parameters using the analytical solutions. The procedure is demonstrated in one surficial and two confined aquifers containing potentially contaminated water in coastal plain sediments at the Savannah River site, a federal nuclear facility. The analytical solutions compare favorably with finite-element solutions, except immediately adjacent to the pumping well where the assumption of zero borehole radius is not valid. Estimated aquifer properties are consistent with previous studies for the two confined aquifers, but are inconsistent for the surficial aquifer; conventional tests yielded estimates of the specific yield—consistent with an unconfined response—while the shorter-duration sinusoidal perturbations yielded estimates of the storativity—consistent with a confined, elastic response. The approach minimizes investigation-derived wastes, a significant concern where contaminated fluids must be disposed of in an environmentally acceptable manner. An additional advantage is the ability to introduce a signal different from background perturbations, thus easing detection. 相似文献
19.
Process-based groundwater models are useful to understand complex aquifer systems and make predictions about their response to hydrological changes. A conceptual model for evaluating responses to environmental changes is presented, considering the hydrogeologic framework, flow processes, aquifer hydraulic properties, boundary conditions, and sources and sinks of the groundwater system. Based on this conceptual model, a quasi-three-dimensional transient groundwater flow model was designed using MODFLOW to simulate the groundwater system of Mahanadi River delta, eastern India. The model was constructed in the context of an upper unconfined aquifer and lower confined aquifer, separated by an aquitard. Hydraulic heads of 13 shallow wells and 11 deep wells were used to calibrate transient groundwater conditions during 1997–2006, followed by validation (2007–2011). The aquifer and aquitard hydraulic properties were obtained by pumping tests and were calibrated along with the rainfall recharge. The statistical and graphical performance indicators suggested a reasonably good simulation of groundwater flow over the study area. Sensitivity analysis revealed that groundwater level is most sensitive to the hydraulic conductivities of both the aquifers, followed by vertical hydraulic conductivity of the confining layer. The calibrated model was then employed to explore groundwater-flow dynamics in response to changes in pumping and recharge conditions. The simulation results indicate that pumping has a substantial effect on the confined aquifer flow regime as compared to the unconfined aquifer. The results and insights from this study have important implications for other regional groundwater modeling studies, especially in multi-layered aquifer systems. 相似文献