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The Zipingpu Concrete Faced Rockfill Dam (CFRD) was subjected to significant local damage in the “5.12” Wenchuan earthquake. It is the first rockfill dam of more than one hundred meters high to encounter a strong earthquake anywhere in the world. Based on the finite element smoothing method, the residual strains at a typical cross-section and a downstream slope of the dam were obtained by processing the dam monitored displacement data. The position of and reason for the dam settlement and deformation of rockfill dilatancy in the earthquake were analyzed according to the section residual strain. The results show that the maximum settlement ratio on the dam body approximately occurs at 2/3 of the dam height; dilatancy occurs from the dam crest to 25–30 m in the upstream and downstream slope; the immediate cause of the face slabs horizontal construction joint dislocation is excessive residual shear strain. Meanwhile, the position of and reason for the dam fissure in the earthquake were analyzed according to the dam slope residual strain. 相似文献
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汶川8.0级地震前紫坪铺水库小震活动及震源参数研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用区域和水库地震台网记录的数字地震波资料,研究了汶川8.0级地震前的2000年1月1日～2008年5月11日紫坪铺水库区的地震活动及震源参数.结果表明:汶川8.0级地震前该区域小震活动持续,地震活动水平为M_L2～3,自2005年9月紫坪铺水库蓄水以来,特别是2008年2月地震活动明显增加,但从长期的序列来看,地震活动频次和强度仍在区域地震活动的正常起伏范围.汶川8.0级地震发生前近3个月内,中小地震的视应力差值△σ_(app)普遍大于0,计算得到的视应力总大于其拟合值.汶川8.0级地震震中位于低应力区,而相对较高的视应力差值分布在震中以东地区,局部出现视应力增加的现象. 相似文献
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本文基于三维孔隙弹性理论,建立了紫坪铺水库及周边地区的有限元模型.根据紫坪铺水库开始蓄水到汶川地震发震时刻的水位变化情况,计算了整个区域的孔隙压力和库仑应力.详细讨论了断层及周围地层的弹性模量和扩散系数对计算结果的影响.计算结果表明:从弹性角度看,断层的弹性模量对汶川地震震源处的库仑应力影响很小;震源处的库仑应力随着断层和周围地层的扩散系数增大而增大.当给定弹性模量和扩散系数代表性值的时候,计算结果表明在汶川地震发震时刻,震源处的库仑应力变化量为+1 kPa左右,这表明紫坪铺水库使得汶川地震发震断层更加危险.是否这个量级的库仑应力就能够触发汶川地震还需要进一步探讨.通过分析库区周边小震的分布,发现小震分布区域均是库仑应力增加的地区,因此紫坪铺水库周边的小震应该与紫坪铺水库蓄水有直接关系. 相似文献
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本研究利用四川紫坪铺水库数字地震台网2004年8月17日~2008年5月11日的地震观测波形资料,使用剪切波分裂SAM系统分析方法,获得了四川紫坪铺水库库区8个数字地震台站的快剪切波偏振结果.结果表明,紫坪铺库区台站的快剪切波偏振优势方向主要为NE或NW方向;台站的快剪切波偏振优势方向与区域主压应力方向或活动断裂走向一致;快剪切波偏振方向变化可能与汶川大地震前区域应力场的增加和龙门山断裂带微破裂增加有关,慢剪切波时间延迟的变化与四川紫坪铺水库水位升降变化相关. 相似文献
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2008年2—4月,位于汶川大震初始破裂点的紫坪铺水库附近发生了一系列的小震活动,它们与汶川地震和紫坪铺水库小震的关系值得研究。本文采用CAP方法,反演了紫坪铺水库7个专用数字地震台站的数据,得到震级大于ML 1.0的28个震源机制解。结果表明:有19个地震事件集中在紫坪铺水库东南方向的都江堰附近,最大地震为逆冲型,发震机制为逆冲型带走滑分量,少量带正断层分量;从深度剖面看,地震震源深度主要集中分布在地下13km附近区域,都江堰震群丛集在前山断裂带上,其它地震散布在中央断裂带上;发震最大主压应力方向随时间的变化具有从最大主压应力方向变化比较大到趋向一致的演化过程。这些现象说明龙门山断裂带在都江堰附近存在1个凸凹体,形成应力集中点,引发都江堰震群活动,由此迫使龙门山断裂带前山断裂发生逆冲性活动,从而加剧了龙门山断裂带中央断裂的活动,在一定程度上加速了汶川地震的发生。 相似文献
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紫坪铺水库地区震源位置和速度结构的联合反演 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
WANG Liang ZHOU Long-quan HUANG Jin-shui JIAO Ming-ruo LIANG Yi-jing YANG Mu-ping 《地震地质》2015,37(3):748-764
利用紫坪铺水库7个库区地震台站和10个区域地震台站记录的2004年8月至2008年5月的地震震相观测报告,通过震源位置和速度结构联合反演的方法,采用Simulps14软件对紫坪铺水库地区进行了小震精定位及速度结构反演。通过计算得到了紫坪铺水库地区记录到的几乎所有地震的精定位结果,以及0km、3km、6km和10km几个层面上较好的P波速度和波速比分布情况。精定位结果显示,紫坪铺水库地区的地震活动主要集中在虹口、玉堂镇和水磨3个地区。层析成像和波速比结果则较好地反映了紫坪铺地区受到水库渗水的影响范围及紫坪铺水库对汶川地震的影响。整体上来讲,紫坪铺水库的西南端水库渗水作用最大深度≤8km,汶川主震深度上没有明显的P波低速异常,也没有明显的波速比高值异常,说明水的渗透作用并没有达到汶川主震位置深度,即水对汶川地震的发生没有直接作用。 相似文献
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The seismicity and tectonic stress field characteristics of the Longmenshan fault zone before the Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake 
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下载免费PDF全文 The seismicity of Longmenshan fault zone and its vicinities before the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake is studied. Based on the digital seismic waveform data observed from regional seismic networks and mobile stations, the focal mechanism solutions are determined. Our analysis results show that the seismicities of Longmenshan fault zone before the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake were in stable state. No obvious phenomena of seismic activity intensifying appeared. According to focal mechanism solutions of some small earthquakes before the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, the direction of principal compressive stress P-axis is WNW-ESE. The two hypocenter fault planes are NE-striking and NW-striking. The plane of NE direction is among N50°?70°E, the dip angles of fault planes are 60°?70° and it is very steep. The faultings of most earthquakes are dominantly characterized by dip-slip reverse and small part of faultings present strike-slip. The azimuths of principal compressive stress, the strikes of source fault planes and the dislocation types calculated from some small earthquakes before the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake are in accordance with that of the main shock. The average stress field of micro-rupture along the Longmenshan fault zone before the great earthquake is also consistent with that calculated from main shock. Zipingpu dam is located in the east side 20 km from the initial rupture area of the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The activity increment of small earthquakes in the Zipingpu dam is in the period of water discharging. The source parameter results of the small earthquakes which occurred near the initial rupture area of the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake indicate that the focal depths are 5 to 14 km and the source parameters are identical with that of earthquake. 相似文献
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汶川8.0级特大地震与紫坪铺水库蓄水关系的讨论 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
汶川8．0级特大地震造成了全国以四川地区为中心向外辐射的诸多水库震损,同时这次大地震也引发了对于高地震烈度区修建水库大坝一系列问题的讨论,其中包括对水库诱发地震的讨论,甚至有学者提出这次大地震与岷江上修建的紫坪铺大坝有关的论述。针对这种情况,本文分别从历史角度并结合国内外已经发生的水库诱发地震实例,明确了水库诱发地震的基本概念,论述了水库诱发地震的特点及其与天然构造地震的差别。本文最后就汶川8．0级特大地震与紫坪铺水库蓄水给出了自己的观点。 相似文献
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采用Yoshimitsu Okada及Steketee的断裂位错模型和汶川地震现有成果,通过坐标转换和合成矢量的方法将断裂位错模型用于映秀—北川断裂、灌县—安县断裂和北川—青川断裂组成的断裂系统的错动研究中,理论上计算龙门山近断裂地区的水平位移场(包括沿走向和垂直走向方向)和垂直位移场从震源到地表的分布.模型参数源于现有的研究成果和野外实地考察,计算得到的地表位移场与先前研究成果,包括GPS实测数据,具有的近似性表明了模型的正确性.但GPS只能测定地表水平和垂直变形,对于地下变形情况及其分布却无法描述;目前对于地下变形的研究主要基于对大量仪器记录的地震资料进行反演或通过野外观测进行推测;但是反演多集中于空间较大范围,这样虽可阐述断裂运动引起的大范围位移趋势,而对于震源附近空间介质位移的描述却略显粗糙;同时,野外观测误差较大.本文通过理论模型计算汶川地震中近断裂区域(距断裂50km)内的位移及分布.由计算发现在近断裂区域内垂直位移场和垂直走向方向位移场变化趋势一样,幅值都是从震源到地表逐渐减小;沿断裂走向方向的水平位移场从震源到地表逐渐变大,同时计算还表明位移场的变化在断裂上盘比下盘剧烈,余震分布主要集中于断裂上盘,这说明余震分布和位移剧烈程度存在某种相关性. 相似文献
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本文通过对2006—2009年四川紫坪铺水库库区8个地震台站记录的地震事件,采用剪切波分裂方法获得了水库库区剪切波分裂参数,并结合地震活动性与水库水位之间的变化关系,分析了紫坪铺水库库区地壳应力的变化特征.剪切波分裂结果显示该研究区域快波偏振方向有两个,分别为北东向和北西向,充分体现了紫坪铺水库地区地壳应力是由北西向的区域主压应力与南东走向的龙门山断裂带综合作用的结果.慢波延迟时间平均值为5.8ms·km-1,慢波延迟时间较大的地区位于库坝和库尾,分别是水库蓄水排水引起地壳应力变化最大的区域.对比慢波延迟时间的变化和水库水位的变化显示了慢波延迟时间与水库水位之间的一致变化关系,揭示了水库的蓄水排水对地壳应力的影响. 相似文献
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Based on the digital seismic waveform data observed from regional and reservoir seismic networks,the seismicity and source parameters in the Zipingpu reservoir area from January 1,2000 to May 11,2008 before the Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake are studied. The analysis shows a continuous activity of small earthquakes before the Wenchuan MS8. 0 earthquake. The level of seismic activity was from ML2.0 to ML3.0 in recent years. The impoundment of Zipingpu reservoir started in September 2005 and the obvious increment of seismic activities occurred in February 2008,but according to the analysis of the longer time series,the frequency and intensity of seismic activities do not exceed its range,which means it is still a fluctuation of regional seismic activities or tectonic activity. At the same time,we also studied the spatio-temporal distribution and the change of apparent stress difference in the source region before the great earthquake,and the results show that the apparent stress values of small earthquakes are generally higher than fitted values of apparent stress in the reservoir area in the nearly three months before the Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake. It can be seen from the spatial distribution of apparent stress difference,that the epicenter of the earthquake is located at a low stress distribution area,and the relatively high apparent stress difference is at the east of the epicenter. Apparent stress increment occurred in local areas. 相似文献
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Influence of 2008 Wenchuan earthquake on earthquake occurrence trend of active faults in Sichuan-Yunnan region 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The Wenchuan earthquake coseismic deformation field is inferred from the coseismic dislocation data based on a 3-D geometric model of the active faults in Sichuan-Yunnan region. Then the potential dislocation displacement is inverted from the deformation field in the 3-D geometric model. While the faults' slip velocities are inverted from GPS and leveling data, which can be used as the long-term slip vector. After the potential dislocation displacements are projected to long-term slip direction, we have got the influence of Wenchuan earthquake on active faults in Sichuan-Yunnan region. The results show that the northwestern segment of Longmenshan fault, the southern segments of Xianshuihe fault, Anninghe fault, Zemuhe fault, northern and southern segments of Daliangshan fault, Mabian fault got earthquake risks advanced of 305, 19, 12, 9.1 and 18, 51 years respectively in the eastern part of Sichuan and Yunnan. The Lijiang-Xiaojinhe fault, Nujiang fault, Longling-Lancang fault, Nantinghe fault and Zhongdian fault also got earthquake risks advanced in the western part of Sichuan-Yunnan region. Whereas the northwestern segment of Xianshuihe fault and Xiaojiang fault got earthquake risks reduced after the Wenchuan earthquake. 相似文献
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玉树和汶川地震前后区域水平形变的空间分布 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以1999—2007年和2009—2010年两个时间段的GNSS观测资料为基础, 借助于多核函数解析、 滤波和应变场的无偏算法以及区域无旋转基准, 在运动场连续变化的条件下获得了玉树MS7.1和汶川MS8.0地震前后青藏高原东南地域运动与形变场, 并得到如下基本认知: ① 玉树和汶川地震前震源区构造活动在空间和较长时间上明显弱化, 最大正应变和最大剪切应变均处在区域构造活动的最低水平。 ② 与地震破裂相应的旋剪形变最大部位既不位于震源区也不远离震源区, 似乎存在某种协调有序活动, 玉树地震发震构造断裂带基本上处在区域右旋活动与左旋活动的过渡区上, 而左旋活动最大条带却为平行于该断裂带且相距约150 km的东北构造活动区内; 汶川地震发震构造断裂虽处在右旋活动的龙门山断裂带上, 但右旋活动最大条带为平行于该断裂带且相距约200 km的西北活动区内。 ③ 玉树地震震时较大水平形变的范围较小, 汶川地震震后水平形变仍较突出。 ④ 理塘—德巫断裂带的北段及周边地区应给予关注, 面应变为象限分布图像, 最大正应变和最大剪切应变均显示闭锁的迹象。 相似文献
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利用衰减结构层析成像方法尝试对紫坪铺水库区域地壳Qs进行成像,获得该区浅层地壳静态及蓄水前、后的Qs变化特征,结合实验研究成果、岩体岩性、断裂构造、水文地质条件探讨库水的渗透作用及其对地壳介质的影响,对研究区内地震活动类型及发震成因的介质物性变化进行了讨论.研究结果表明:紫坪铺水库区域地壳Qs横向不均匀变化显著,库区周边近似存在低Qs值环形区域,主要包括水库东北、东南、西南、西北及库区中段五个区域.其中,水库东北、库区中段、西南低Qs区域与库水渗透关系密切,初步认为库水可能沿着通济场断裂中段和两端的岩石破碎带及节理、裂隙发育地区向地下渗透,使岩石孔隙中充满流体,内摩擦增大,地震波大大衰减,从而导致Qs值大幅下降.同时,在西南区诱发了水库小震群,在东北区和东南区诱发了部分水库小震群.另外,紫坪铺水库区域东北、东南、西南三个小震群基本位于高Qs值(低衰减)和低Qs值(高衰减)过渡区域,可能由于低Qs区地震波衰减大,不易积累能量,而高、低Qs值的过渡区域,介质介于"软"、"硬"之间,有可能积累应变能,孕育地震.当高、低Qs过渡区域岩石裂纹饱含水或部分含水后,水对裂纹边界起潮湿和润滑作用,降低了发震断层的抗剪强度,使滑动容易产生,从而诱发地震. 相似文献
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The joint between concrete slab and rockfill is designed as welded contact in the classical modeling of concrete-faced rockfill (CFR) dams and earthquake response of the CFR dams is determined by this method. In this study, linear and nonlinear response of Torul CFR Dam including interface element between concrete slab and rockfill were investigated for the duration of strong seismic excitation. The finite element analyses were performed by employing both cases, empty and full reservoir, to research the effect of the reservoir water on the earthquake response of the dam. The reservoir water was modeled with fluid finite elements by the Lagrangian approach. The Drucker-Prager model was used in nonlinear analyses for concrete slab, rockfill and soil materials. According to finite element analyses, displacement and stress components were increased by hydrodynamic pressure. The nonlinear response of the concrete slab was monitored about the peak ground acceleration (pga). This study reveals that the size of sliding zone increases with increasing acceleration amplitudes. 相似文献
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横观各向同性层状半空间中的弹性位错 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文在柱向量函数系下,利用传播矩阵法求解了层状横观各向同性半空间由内部点源位锚引起的变形;对六个基本点源位错,以等价体力法推出了横观各向同性情形下的点源函数,并且给出了内部任意剪切位错源引起的地表位移的积分表达式。为研究地球的层状结构,特别是其上部的横观各向同性对地表的地震位移、应变以及倾斜场的影响提供了计算公式。 相似文献
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Based on seismic wave records of the Chengdu digital seismic network and Zipingpu reservoir digital seismic network from August 16,2004 to May 12,2008 when the Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake occurred,the parameters of focal mechanisms of 486 earthquakes with magnitude larger than M1.6 in the Zipingpu reservoir area were calculated using amplitude ratio method,meanwhile the temporal-spatial variation characteristics of mechanisms and stress field were analyzed based on these parameters.Results show a low ratio of thrust earthquakes and an increased number of strike-slip earthquakes in the reservoir water area in the period from 2006 to 2008.While in the areas far from the reservoir waterfront,the thrust earthquakes took up a high proportion and the strike-slip ones did not increase.The direction of mean principal compressive stress field was deflected and disturbed differently in each area before the Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake. 相似文献