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1.
El Bey river, which drains 60% of the pollutant load of several urban cities in the northeast of Tunisia, provides a good example of the transfer of organic and metallic pollutants that result from industrial and urban activity, and can be used to show how these charges are transported and discharged into the Gulf of Tunis. Persistent organic pollutants (PAH and PCB) in dissolved, particulate matter, bed sediments, and three wastewater effluents in El Bey watershed were analyzed. PAH (∑14PAHs) concentration ranged from 0.248 to 9.955 mg L?1 and from 0.836 to 28.539 mg L?1 in dissolved and particulate fraction respectively. The particulate/dissolved partition coefficient value (Kd) was less than one which confirmed the affinity of PAH to be adsorbed. In sediment, the high-molecular weight PAHs were found principally with percentage between 50 and 100% witch present 239.99 to 5362.19 μg kg?1, which is relatively higher in comparison with other estuaries river. Contrary to PAH patterns, PCB were bound to dissolve fraction. Kd (PCB) value (Kd?>?1) reflected this affinity which is related to environment energy. The spatial distribution and profile of analyzed organic pollutants confirmed the direct impact of wastewater effluent on the organic pollution level in three compartment of El Bey watershed and his profiles suggested different transport patterns.  相似文献   

2.
The effect of the injection of pure oxygen instead of air in a membrane bioreactor for the elimination of bisphenol A is investigated. A dynamic experiment was developed in a pilot plant where the aerobic reactor was continuously spiked with 1 mg L?1 of bisphenol A. Air was injected for 10 days and then pure oxygen was injected for another 10 days. The bisphenol A concentration was determined in aqueous phases and activated sludge using simple and sensitive analytical methods based on different extraction procedures and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Enzymatic activity was also determined and toxicity tests were performed to discard that the spiked bisphenol A concentration could negatively affect the microorganisms in the bioreactor and, thus, the membrane bioreactor performance. The effluent bisphenol A concentration increased up to 0.26 mg L?1 after 4 days in the air injection treatment, and up to 0.48 mg L?1 after only 12 h in the oxygen injection treatment. In both cases, this was followed by a decrease in concentration despite the continuous spiking of bisphenol A into the bioreactor. In presence of pure oxygen, bisphenol A concentration reached background levels (below the limit of quantification) after 5 days. In contrast, when using air a total of 10 days were required to reach background levels. The injection of pure oxygen instead of air is an important innovation in wastewater treatment, allowing permanent elimination of organic contaminants, avoiding their return to the environment and ensuring the safety of water.  相似文献   

3.
A sandwich domestic wastewater-fed dual-chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC) was designed for energy generation and wastewater treatment. The generated power density by the MFC was observed to increase with increasing chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the domestic wastewater. The maximum power density was 251 mW m?2 when the COD was 3400 mg L?1 at a current density of 0.054 mA cm?2 and external resistance of 200 Ω. These values dropped to 60 mW m?2 (76 % lower) and 0.003 mA cm?2 using wastewater 91 % diluted to 300 mg L?1 COD. Maximum removals were: COD, 89 %; nitrite, 60 %; nitrate, 77 %; total nitrogen, 36 %; and phosphate, 26 %. Coulombic efficiency ranged from 5 to 7 %. The use of full-strength domestic wastewater reduces cost, and with improved reactor design, the ultimate goal of large-scale operation could be achieved.  相似文献   

4.
The potential of the autoclaved Tunisian landfill leachate treatment using microalgae (Chlorella sp.) cultivation was investigated in this study. Landfill leachate was collected from Borj Chakir landfill, Tunisia. A full factorial experimental design 22 was proposed to study the effects of the incubation time and leachate ratio factors on the organic matter removal expressed in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammoniacal nitrogen (NH4─N) and on the biological response of Chlorella sp. expressed by the cell density and chlorophyll content. All experiments were batch runs at ambient temperature (25 ± 2 °C). The Chlorella sp. biomass and chlorophyll a concentrations of 1.2 and 5.32 mg L?1, respectively, were obtained with 10% leachate spike ratio. The obtained results showed that up to 90% of the ammoniacal nitrogen in landfill leachate was removed in 10% leachate ratio spiked medium with a residual concentration of 40 mg L?1. The maximum COD removal rate reached 60% within 13 days of incubation time indicating that microalgae consortium was quite effective for treating landfill leachate organic contaminants. Furthermore, with the 10% leachate ratio spiked medium, the maximum lipid productivity was 4.74 mg L?1 d?1. The present study provides valuable information for potential adaptation of microalgae culture and its contribution for the treatment of Tunisian landfill leachate.  相似文献   

5.
The state of Punjab—a part of the Indus basin of the Indian subcontinent has an excellent net work of irrigation facilities. However, due to intensive cultivation it is facing a major problem with respect to quality of groundwater for irrigation. In the present investigation, geo-referenced groundwater samples were analysed to map water quality using geographical information system. Electrical conductivity varied from 0.418 to 5.754 dS m?1 with an average of 1.365 dS m?1. The carbonate ranged between 0 and 120 mg L?1, whereas bicarbonate ranged from 5 to 1,000 mg L?1. Chloride varied from 7 to 2,347 mg L?1. Calcium plus magnesium ranged from 12 to 1,216 mg L?1 with a mean value of 169 mg L?1. Sodium adsorption ratio ranged between 0.0 and 34.78 with an average of 2.66 meq L?1/2. Residual sodium carbonate varied from 0 to 21.30 meq L?1 with a standard deviation of 2.24. The Geographic Information System (GIS)-based mapping indicated that water in suitable category spatially covered 45.7 % of the state which is located mostly in the sub-mountain (Siwalik Hills), north-eastern undulating and piedmont and alluvial plain agro-eco-subregions. Marginally suitable groundwater spatially covered 46.1 % in the central alluvial plain and south-western alluvial plain agro-eco-subregions. Unsuitable groundwater covered 8.2 % of the state, mostly in the erstwhile sodic soils areas in the central alluvial plain and south-western alluvial plain agro-eco-subregions. GIS-based maps are effective in identifying hot spots which need immediate attention and call for strategic planning for sustainable management.  相似文献   

6.
A simple spectrophotometric method for determination of hydrogen sulfide in wastewater and hot spring samples was developed. The method is based on the reaction between hydrogen sulfide and sodium 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonate (NQS). The effect of various experimental factors on the reaction between hydrogen sulfide and NQS was investigated and optimized using central composite design. The optimal values of the factors were 5.00 × 10?4 mol L?1 for concentration of NQS and 1.00 × 10?2 mol L?1 for concentration of hydrochloric acid. The wavelength of the maximum absorption of the reaction product was 320 nm. Constructed calibration curve for hydrogen sulfide determination was linear in the range of 0.5–20.0 mg L?1 with the detection limit of 0.16 mg L?1. The method was free from interferences. Percent relative errors below 2 % were obtained for determination of hydrogen sulfide in environmental samples.  相似文献   

7.
The study was designed to quantify cadmium accumulation in different components of sewage treatment ponds during different seasons and to assess risk for human consumption perspective. The study estimated cadmium concentration in water, sludge, Eichhornia, plankton and tilapia fish from anaerobic, facultative, maturation-1 and -4 ponds during pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon periods. It resulted that cadmium accumulated among different components of anaerobic, facultative, maturation-1 and -4 ponds ranging 0–18, 0–10, 0–7 and 0–15.4 ppb, respectively. During monsoon, highest accumulation was observed in tilapia in both facultative and maturation ponds, but during post-monsoon, plankton community showed highest value in all. The highest bio-magnification of cadmium was recorded during monsoon with varying degrees (facultative pond: 4.39, maturation pond-1: 3.03 and maturation pond-4: 7.08). Cadmium concentration in tilapia lied within WHO’s safe level and may be recommended for human consumption. The concentration of cadmium was estimated by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The above findings occurred due to chelation, adsorption and sedimentation, absorption and bio-accumulation, ionization, leaching through sediment and rainfall. Water pH (6.7–8.8), dissolved oxygen (0–17 mg L?1), total solids (251–650 mg L?1), iron (Fe2+) concentration (0.61–4.87 mg L?1) and sedimentation rate (278.9–2,409.6 g day?1 m?3) were conducive for the distribution of cadmium into different ecosystem components of treatment ponds. These ponds reclaimed 28.57–61.11 % of sewage-cadmium and may be promoted as a low-cost eco-tech for sewage treatment.  相似文献   

8.
Enhancing of the efficient tissue culture protocol for somatic embryos would facilitate the engineered breeding plants program. In this report, we describe the reproducible protocol of Malaysian rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar MR219 through somatic embryogenesis. Effect of a wide spectrum of exogenesis materials was assessed in three phases, namely callogenesis, proliferation and regeneration. Initially, rice seeds were subjected under various auxin treatments. Secondly, the effect of different concentrations of 2,4-D on callus induction was evaluated. In the next step, the efficiency of different explants was identified. Subsequently, the effects of different auxins, cytokinins, l-proline, casein hydrolysate and potassium metasilicate concentrations on the callus proliferation and regeneration were considered. For the callogenesis phase, 2 mg L?1of 2,4-D and roots were chosen as the best auxin and explant. In the callus proliferation stage, the highest efficiency was observed at week eight in the MS media supplemented with 2 mg L?1 of 2,4-D, 2 mg L?1 of kinetin, 50 mg L?1 of l-proline, 100 mg L?1 of casein hydrolysate and 30 mg L?1 of potassium metasilicate. In the last phase of the research, the MS media added with 3 mg L?1 of kinetin, 30 mg L?1of potassium metasilicate and 2 mg L?1 of NAA were selected. Meanwhile, to promote the roots of regenerated explants, 0.4 mg L?1 of IBA has shown potential as an appropriate activator.  相似文献   

9.
The co-treatment of landfill leachate (LFL) with municipal wastewater (MWW) using shortcut sequencing batch reactor combined with coagulation–settling process (SBR + CS) was investigated. Four ratios of LFL to MWW volume (v/v) were used during experiments including the ratios 1:9, 2:8, 3:7 and 5:5. The average quality of the LFL was chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 20,800 mg L?1 and NH4-N of 2,645 mg L?1. The SBR-treating LFL in six series where mixing aeration and settling phases were varied from 4 to 14 h was combined with coagulation (FeCl3, Al2(SO4)3) with an interval of 2 h. It was found that ratio (1:9) of leachate to MWW under aeration and mixing phase of 4 h with settling time of 1.5 h exhibited the highest ability to remove both COD and NH 4 + -N, 99% and 85%, respectively. The short-time sequential batch reactor was tested for the treatment of raw LFL, and only 47% and 23% removal of COD and NH 4 + -N, respectively, could be achieved.  相似文献   

10.
Lead (Pb) dust exposure can have detrimental environmental and human health effects. Improperly enclosed stockpiles of Pb concentrates can cause dust emissions, subsequent pollution of the soil and environmental risk. The aim of this work was to study Pb form, distribution and immobilization (by using eggshell and seashell) in an industrial arid soil near a storage area of Pb mineral concentrates in northern Chile. High amounts of sulfur (S; 9900 mg kg?1) and Pb (6530 mg kg?1) were found in the polluted soil. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis revealed a lead sulfide (PbS: galena). Metallic Pb particles, which were between 41 and 46 µm, were identified in the soil. After eggshell and seashell (20%) were applied, the soil pH increased from 6.0 to 7.84 and 8.07, respectively. In the studied soil, the leaching test showed a 59 mg L?1 average Pb extractable concentration. After 240 days, extractable Pb by toxicity characteristics leaching procedure decreased to 4.79 mg L?1 (93.3%) with the application of seashell at 20% compared with a decrease of 33.33 mg L?1 (53.6%) using eggshell. Pb in the polluted soil was mainly found in the exchangeable fraction (66%), followed by the reducible (24%), residual (7%) and oxidizable (6%) fractions. According to the risk assessment code, the contaminated soil before treatment was classified as very high risk. Adding eggshell (20%) and seashell (20%) decreased the exchangeable fractions to 39 and 35%, respectively. Applying these liming materials achieved Pb immobilization in the soil, but the soil remained in the high environmental risk category. We conclude that the application of seashell waste, resulting from high aquaculture activity, opens an interesting window to the treatment of contaminated arid soils.  相似文献   

11.
The long-term sustainability of an anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process in a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) treating highly concentrated (mean of 740 mg NH4 +-N L?1) wastewater was demonstrated by 1600 days of efficient operation. A high maximum total nitrogen removal rate (TNRR) of 1.5 g N m?2 d?1 was achieved at the low temperature of 20 °C. For nitrogen removal recovery in cases of nitrite inhibition, anammox intermediate nitric oxide (NO) was tested in batch experiments as an N-removal accelerating agent. The effect of the addition of various NO dosages (8–72 mg NO-N L?1) was studied under inhibitory nitrite concentrations (>100 mg NO2 ?-N L?1) for anammox bacteria. Optimal maintained NO concentration was 58 mg NO-N L?1 and brought about the highest biofilm-specific anammox activity (SAA). Compared to a blank test, the minimum concentration of added NO of 40 mg NO-N L?1 showed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) accelerating effect on SAA. No inhibition of SAA by NO was observed, although at NO concentrations exceeding 72 mg NO-N L?1, the acceleratory effect upon SAA was decreased by 8%. Changes in the bacterial consortia involved in nitrogen conversion were determined concurrently for the different nitrogen removal rates and operational conditions. Quantities of Planctomycetales clone P4 strains, which are the closest (99% similarity) relative to Candidatus Brocadia fulgida, increased from 1 × 103 to 1 × 106 anammox gene copies per g total suspended solids during reactor operation days 568–1600, which was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. During the operation of the MBBR, the abundance of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) increased proportionally (up to 30%). The abundance of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) did not increase (remaining below 10%) during days 232–860. AOB became predominant over NOBs owing to the inhibition of free ammonia spiking on NOBs.  相似文献   

12.
An electrochemical advanced oxidation process employing a boron-doped diamond anode for the treatment of synthetic waters and secondary effluents of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) was studied. The efficiency and formation of transformation products (TPs) for this treatment process were investigated at different current densities for bisphenol A (BPA) spiked to synthetic water and WWTP effluents. A complete removal of the parent compound was achieved in WWTP effluents. Higher applied current densities resulted in faster removal. At the same time, a correlation between the applied current density and the ozone concentration measured in the bulk solution was revealed. Hence, the observed transformation of BPA is likely due to the generation of reactive oxygen species such as hydroxyl radicals and ozone. Based on a suspected target screening approach, four known TPs and two unreported (new) TPs were identified by LC–MS analysis. These results suggest a transformation pathway following three steps: hydroxylation of the aromatic ring, followed by oxidation of the isopropylidene bridge and finally a ring opening and formation of organic acids and other small molecules. The presence of chloride ions in WWTP effluents can result in the generation of excessive concentrations of chlorate and perchlorate during electrochemical oxidation. Applying a current density of 208 mA cm?2, a complete elimination of BPA was achievable after 15 min (Q/V = 430 mA h L?1); however, the oxidation resulted in concentrations of chlorate and perchlorate of 2.85 and 5.65 mg L?1, respectively. These values were directly dependent on the exposure time and desired degree of BPA removal.  相似文献   

13.
Changes in water chemistry along the High Arctic fluvial–lacustrine system located in Wedel Jarlsberg Land in the SW Spitsbergen (Svalbard) were investigated during the summer season of 2010 and 2011. The newly formed river–lake system consists of three lakes connected with the Brattegg River. The first bathymetric measurements of these lakes were made by the authors in 2010. The Brattegg River catchment represents a partly glaciered Arctic water system. The studied lakes are characterized by low mineralization and temperature of water. The value of the electrolytic conductivity (EC) ranges from 30.2 to 50.5 μS cm?1 and the temperature of surface water from 1.5 to 7.8 °C. The temperature increase takes place downstream starting from Upper Lake to the outflow from Myrktjørna Lake. The waters of lakes have higher temperatures than the stream. The predominant ions are HCO3 ? (up to 16.5 mg L?1), Cl? (6.66–8.53 mg L?1), Ca2+ (2.40–4.45 mg L?1) and Na+ (2.65–3.36 mg L?1). The highest values of ammonium and DOC found in the lowest Myrktjørna Lake seem to be related to the presence of aquatic organisms and also birds. From the group of 10 analyzed microelements, increased concentrations of aluminum, up to almost 500 μg L?1, are present in the lakes’ water. Water isotopic composition ranges for δ18O and δ2H, from ?10.6 to ?10.9‰ and from ?70.8 to ?72.3‰, respectively. The vertical zonality of lake waters is manifested in a decrease in the temperature and increase in EC and chemical elements concentrations.  相似文献   

14.
Diazinon is a widely applied agricultural pesticide whose effect importantly on the environment and the possible contamination of surface waters has led to increased interest in toxicological studies. Crayfish, as an ecologically important benthic macroinvertebrate, seems to be an appropriate model organism for such assessments. Acute toxicity tests were carried out on three crayfish age groups: young-of-the-year (total length = 25.0 ± 4.9 mm), juvenile (total length = 56.5 ± 3.8 mm) and adult (total length = 83.5 ± 5.7 mm). Young-of-the-year crayfish were found to be the most sensitive to diazinon (96 h LC50 = 0.15 mg L?1), followed by juvenile crayfish (96 h LC50 = 0.27 mg L?1), and adults (96 h LC50 = 0.51 mg L?1). Crayfish were highly sensitive to diazinon. A delayed effect of Diazinon 60EC on adults was detected (144 h LC50 = 0.44 mg L?1) suggests functional damage from the use of sublethal concentrations.  相似文献   

15.
Sediment and pore water samples have been collected from the coastal tidal flat in the Shuangtaizi estuary, China, in order to investigate the geochemical behavior of iron, cadmium, and lead during diagenesis and to assess the degree of contamination. The calculated enrichment factors and geoaccumulation indices for separate elements show that anthropogenic activities have had no significant influence on the distribution of Fe and Pb in the study area, whereas the distribution of Cd has been closely influenced in this way. The high percentage of exchangeable Cd (average of 56.34%) suggests that Cd represents a potential hazard to benthic organisms in the estuary. The calculated diffusive fluxes of metals show that the most mobilized metal is Fe (9.22 mg m?2 a?1), followed by Cd (0.54 mg m?2 a?1) and Pb (0.42 mg m?2 a?1). Low Fe2+ contents in surface pore water, alongside high chromium-reducible sulfur contents, and low acid-volatile sulfur, and elemental sulfur contents at 0–25 cm depth in sediments show that Fe2+ is formed by the reduction of Fe oxides and is transformed first to a solid phase of iron monosulfides (FeS) and eventually to pyrite (FeS2). The release of adsorbed Pb due to reductive dissolution of Fe/Mn oxides during early diagenesis could be a source of Pb2+ in pore water. From the relatively low total organic carbon contents measured in sediments (0.46–1.28%, with an average of 0.94%) and the vertical variation of Cd2+ in pore water, sulfide or Fe/Mn oxides (instead of organic matter) are presumed to exert a significant influence on carrying or releasing Cd by the sediments.  相似文献   

16.
La Goulette, Rades and Sidi Bou Said harbours are considered as the most important commercial and tourist ports in the Gulf of Tunis. They are located on the northeast coast of Tunis and receive industrial and municipal wastewaters from Tunis city. The contamination level of copper, lead, zinc, cadmium, manganese, iron, total nitrogen and total organic carbon in the surface sediments was assessed on the basis of the enrichment index factors and corresponding to sediment quality guidelines. The results revealed moderate to highly elevated concentrations near to the sites of intense industrial, shipping and/or commercial activities suggesting a direct influence of these sources. In winter and summer, concentrations varied for cadmium, 0.28–1.40 mg kg?1; lead, 18–217 mg kg?1; zinc, 87–459 mg kg?1; copper, 8–121 mg kg?1; manganese, 208–254 mg kg?1; and for iron, 24–40 g kg?1. Furthermore, in summer the concentration of the total organic carbon and the total nitrogen contents range between 4.3–6.5 % and 0.06–0.49 % with an average value of 5.9 and 0.15 %, respectively. Whereas, in winter, total organic carbon and the total nitrogen concentrations varied between 2.3–9.6 % and 0.03–0.22 % with an average value of 6.1 and 0.14 %, respectively. The levels of lead, copper, zinc and iron in suspended particulate matter content range between 3.1–27.5 mg kg?1; 0.4–11.7 mg kg?1; 1–1.5 mg kg?1; 1.2–1.7 g kg?1, respectively. This study revealed that heavy metals pollution is mainly localized in the commercial (Rades) and fishing (La Goulette) harbours and not in the yachting (Sidi Bou Said) harbour.  相似文献   

17.
Bisphenol-A is one of the highest volumes of chemicals produced worldwide and released into the atmosphere each year. Recent extensive literature has raised concerns about its possible endocrine-disrupting effect in animals and humans. A bacterium having high tolerance of bisphenol-A (1000 mg L?1) was isolated from agriculture soil of Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu, India, and identified as Virgibacillus sp. KU4 by 16S ribosomal RNA sequence analysis. Bisphenol-A removal efficiency of this strain was measured as greater than 92% at seventh day of incubation in a basal mineral medium supplemented with 1000 mg L?1 at seventh day. Gas chromatography analysis showed that 1000 mg L?1 BPA in distilled water was degraded by the Virgibacillus sp. KU4 in an efficient way. A 70 ± 3% bisphenol-A degradation was observed in the suspended cell pellet-mediated degradation study, where distilled water supplemented with 1000 mg L?1 bisphenol-A was sole carbon and energy source for bacterial growth. Further, Virgibacillus sp. KU4 is expected to be a candidate as a biological cleaner of BPA in the environment.  相似文献   

18.
In this study, we investigated the possible effects of paraquat and micro-plastics on blood biochemical parameters in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). We exposed C. carpio for 21 days to sublethal concentrations of paraquat (0.2 and 0.4 mg L?1) and micro-plastics (1 and 2 mg L?1), alone or in combination. Blood biochemical analysis indicated that exposure to 0.4 mg L?1 paraquat and mixture of paraquat and micro-plastics was followed by an increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activities and glucose levels. The activity of ALP and CPK showed a significant increase in fish treated with 2 mg L?1 micro-plastics. No significant changes were observed in glucose level, AST, ALT, and LDH activities in fish exposed to micro-plastics. Exposure to paraquat and/or micro-plastics resulted in a significant decrease in total protein, globulin, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels and γ-glutamyl transferase activity. When fish were exposed to paraquat or paraquat and micro-plastics, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities increased significantly compared to the control group. Treating fishes with a mixture of paraquat and 2 mg L?1 micro-plastics caused a significant increase in albumin levels. However, a significant decrease in the albumin level was observed after exposure to paraquat or micro-plastics. Creatinine levels increased after exposure to paraquat and/or micro-plastics. The results indicate that increased doses of micro-plastics in water significantly increased toxic effects of paraquat in fish. Finally, these data support the hypothesis that changes in blood biochemical parameters were induced by exposure to paraquat and/or micro-plastics.  相似文献   

19.
A solid phase extraction method based on the immobilisation of Penicillium chrysogenum on silica was developed for preconcentration and flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination of Pb(II). The immobilised sorbent was packed in a column to optimise the conditions for its quantitative sorption and desorption. Various parameters such as pH, type of eluent, sample and eluent flow rate and influence of others ions were systematically studied. Pb(II) was quantitatively sorbed at pH 4.0 at a flow rate of 2.0 mL min?1 and eluted with 10.0 mL of 1.0 M HCl at 0.2 mL min?1 flow rate. The devised procedure applied for Pb determination in tap water, an industrial effluent and sludge sample, black tea, spinach leaves and green beans (canned food) was reproducible, with a relative standard deviation of 0.8%. The method was validated by a BCR 701 standard lake sediment sample. The limit of detection and limit of quantification for Pb(II) were 7.16 and 23.88 μg L?1, respectively, with an enrichment factor of 100.  相似文献   

20.
Mine water samples collected from different mines of the North Karanpura coalfields were analysed for pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), major anions, cations and trace metals to evaluate mine water geochemistry and assess solute acquisition processes, dissolved fluxes and its suitability for domestic, industrial and irrigation uses. Mine water samples are mildly acidic to alkaline in nature. The TDS ranged from 185 to 1343 mg L?1 with an average of 601 mg L?1. Ca2+ and Mg2+ are the dominant cations, while SO4 2? and HCO3 ? are the dominant anions. A high concentration of SO4 2? and a low HCO3 ?/(HCO3 ? + SO4 2?) ratio (<0.50) in the majority of the water samples suggest that either sulphide oxidation or reactions involving both carbonic acid weathering and sulphide oxidation control solute acquisition processes. The mine water is undersaturated with respect to gypsum, halite, anhydrite, fluorite, aluminium hydroxide, alunite, amorphous silica and oversaturated with respect to goethite, ferrihydrite, quartz. About 40% of the mine water samples are oversaturated with respect to calcite, dolomite and jarosite. The water quality assessment shows that the coal mine water is not suitable for direct use for drinking and domestic purposes and needs treatment before such utilization. TDS, TH, F?, SO4 2?, Fe, Mn, Ni and Al are identified as the major objectionable parameters in these waters for drinking. The coal mine water is of good to suitable category for irrigation use. The mines of North Karanpura coalfield annually discharge 22.35 × 106 m3 of water and 18.50 × 103 tonnes of solute loads into nearby waterways.  相似文献   

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