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1.
铜矿和钨矿在经过开采和选矿过程后产生大量的尾砂,尾砂的抗剪强度直接影响到尾砂筑坝的稳定安全性和材料的创新利用。尾矿库现场取回尾砂的级配曲线不同于选矿产生的全尾砂,选用合适的尾砂抗剪强度参数以及对不同尾砂抗剪强度的比较和分析有助于评估尾矿库的溃坝安全性。为了深入研究铜、钨两种尾砂的抗剪强度及异同点,针对不同粒径范围的铜、钨尾砂进行了直剪试验、X射线衍射分析和扫描电镜分析。直剪试验结果表明,干燥尾砂表现出无黏性土的强度性质,相同粒组尺寸的铜尾砂抗剪强度要高于钨尾砂的抗剪强度;铜尾砂和钨尾砂在含水率为15%情况下的抗剪强度表现出一定的黏聚力,使其抗剪强度相对于干燥状态下提高了16.7%~83.8%;随着含水率从10%增加到20%,细粒钨尾砂的内摩擦角变化不大,含水量的增加使得钨尾砂的黏聚力较明显地减小并使得抗剪强度降低。X射线衍射分析结果显示铜尾砂和钨尾砂都以石英为主晶相,其余矿物成分大都是以硅酸盐为主的次生矿物;5000倍扫描电镜照片显示细粒尾砂颗粒的表面附着一定量的黏土矿物,黏土矿物的存在导致了尾砂抗剪强度随含水率增加而发生变化。 相似文献
2.
Unsaturated hydraulic properties of cemented tailings backfill that contains sodium silicate 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Recycling the mine waste (tailings) into cemented tailings backfill has economical and environmental advantages for the mining industry. One of the most recent types of cemented tailings backfill is gelfill (GF), a backfill that contains sodium silicate as chemical additive. GF is typically made of tailings, water, binder and chemical additives (sodium silicate gel). It is a promising mine tailings backfill technology. From a design point of view, the environmental performance or durability of GF structures is considered as a key factor. Due to the fact that GF structures are cementitious tailings, their durability and environmental performance depend on their ability to resist the flow of aggressive elements (water and oxygen). Thus, understanding the unsaturated hydraulic properties of GF is essential for a cost-effective, environmentally friendly and durable design of GF structures. However, there is a lack of information with regards to unsaturated hydraulic properties of GF, the factors that affect them and their evolution with time. Hence, the unsaturated hydraulic properties (water retention curve (WRC) or water characteristic curve, air entry value (AEV), residual water content, unsaturated hydraulic conductivity) of GF are investigated in this paper. GF samples of various compositions and cured in room temperature for different times (3, 7, 28, and 90 days) are considered. Saturated hydraulic conductivity and microstructural tests have been conducted; WRCs are measured by using a WP4-T dewpoint potentiameter and the saline solution method. Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity is predicted using the van Genuchten (1980) equation. The water retention curve (WRC) is determined as the relationship between volumetric water content and suction for each GF mix and curing time. The van Genuchten (1980) equation is used to simulate the WRC to best-fit the experimental data. AEV and residual water content are also computed for each mix and curing time. Furthermore, functions are developed to predict the evolution of AEVs, residual water content and fitting parameters of the van Genuchten model with degree of hydration. Important outcomes have been achieved with regards to unsaturated hydraulic properties. The unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of GF was calculated to decrease when the suction, binder content, and degree of hydration increase. The effects of binder content and degree of hydration are more obvious at low suction ranges. The obtained results would contribute to a better design and assessment of the durability and environmental performance of GF structures. 相似文献
3.
A. Bascetin S. Tuylu O. Ozdemir D. Adiguzel M. Benzaazoua 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2018,15(2):281-288
Surface paste disposal method can be used to minimize environmental risks during storage of mine process tailings. There are some researches and industrial applications which prove success of the method. The surface paste disposal of mineral process tailings obtained from a Pb–Zn underground mine was simulated considering mine site conditions at laboratory scale in the study. The paste material was stored in the cabin/container layer by layer, and then, the cracks occurred after the paste formation of each layer were analyzed by image process. Meanwhile, leachate water collected from the bottom of the cabin was subjected to electrical conductivity (EC) analysis. Furthermore, the wetting–drying process was conducted to simulate the climatic conditions of the region. Additionally, some physical and geochemical parameters such as matric suction, volumetric water content, and oxygen consumption of the paste material were obtained using sensors displaced into different layers. The results of the crack analysis for each layer showed that the cracks intensity increased at lower layers. Moreover, the crack intensity and EC values of each layer showed a similar trend, and the crack intensity increased almost five times during the wetting–drying tests. The measured values of the parameters obtained from the tests indicated that the deposited paste material can be stabile during the deposition over the years under the climatic conditions of the region. 相似文献
4.
The potential formation of acid mine drainage in pyrite-bearing hard-coal tailings under water-saturated conditions: an experimental approach 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Annually, an amount of approximately 13 million cubic meters of hard-coal tailings must be disposed of in the German Ruhr
Valley. Besides the waste of land in a densily populated region, the disposal of the pyrite-bearing material under atmospheric
conditions may lead to the formation of acid mine drainage (AMD). Therefore, alternative disposal opportunities are of increasing
importance, one of which being the use of tailings under water-saturated conditions, such as in backfilling of abandoned gravel
pits or in the construction of waterways. In this case, the oxidation of pyrite, and hence the formation of AMD, is controlled
by the amount of oxygen dissolved in the pore water of tailings deposited under water. In case the advective percolation of
water is suppressed by sufficient compaction of the tailings, oxygen transport can be reduced to diffusive processes, which
are limited by the diffusive flux of dissolved oxygen in equilibrium with the atmospheric pO2. Calculations of the duration of pyrite oxidation based on laboratory experiments have shown that the reduction of oxygen
is mainly controlled by the content of organic substance rather than the pyrite content, a fact that is supported by results
from oxidation experiments with nitrate. A "worst case" study has lead to the result that the complete oxidation of a 1.5-m
layer of hard-coal tailings deposited under water-saturated conditions would take as much as several hundred thousand years.
Received: 6 May 1996 · Accepted: 2 August 1996 相似文献
5.
人工矿床污染的防治与对策 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对铜绿山某矿尾矿及废水的物质组分的分析研究 ,查明主要污染物是Cu、Fe、悬浮物和选矿残留的有机试剂 ;尾矿废水处理的初步研究表明 ,石灰、H2 SO4 、FeCl3、Al2 (SO4 ) 3 均可有效去除尾矿废水中的污染物质 ,从综合因素考虑 ,采用石灰处理效果最好 ,处理过的尾矿废水可以重复利用 ;在上述研究基础上 ,提出了尾矿及尾矿废水的污染防治对策和综合利用方案 ,通过综合利用可以从尾矿中回收近 1× 1 0 5t金属铜和大约 3× 1 0 6t金属铁 ,Co、Mn、Zn、Ag、Au、Re、W等金属也有一定综合利用价值。 相似文献
6.
由长期工程实践和试验研究可知,尾矿的工程性质除与尾矿的矿石成分、筑坝方式以及矿浆的沉积特性有关外,重要的是与尾矿的颗粒粒度组成有关。为了分析上游式尾矿库尾矿经排放、沉积、分选等作用下颗粒组成的变化特征及其对尾矿工程性质的影响规律,通过对上游式尾矿库沉积滩面不同距离处尾矿进行颗粒级配分析、力学性质和渗透性质试验,重点分析了细颗粒含量（颗粒直径小于0.075 mm）对尾矿工程性质的影响规律。研究表明,随着距离上游式尾矿库滩顶长度的增大,尾矿颗粒组成中的细粒含量逐渐增多,颗粒级配情况由一般到良好再到一般,孔隙比也呈现出随之先减小后增大的变化趋势。受原尾矿颗粒组成的影响,尾矿黏聚力随细粒含量的增加呈逐渐增大,而内摩擦角相对变化较小,其渗透系数受细颗粒含量影响较大,随含量增大迅速减小。 相似文献
7.
黄铁矿处理含Cr(Ⅵ)废水的进一步实验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用加热与超细粉碎方法对天然黄铁矿进行改性 ,探讨其去除 Cr( )的效果。将黄铁矿加热到 4 50℃时 ,试样除 Cr( )的效率大幅度增高 ,适宜的 p H范围从小于 2 .5增加到 3.0 6～1 1 .2 0 ,且加热改性的试样用量不到天然试样用量的 1 0 %。2 0 0目至 4 0 0目的天然黄铁矿去除 Cr( )的效率远较 2 0 0目以上的天然黄铁矿去除 Cr( )的效率高。试样久置不影响对 Cr( )的去除效果 ,去除率可达 99.2 %以上 ,反应后的 p H值都接近 4 .0 ,与磁黄铁矿处理 Cr( )废水过程中 p H值的变化规律一致。不同产地的黄铁矿样品除 Cr( )的效果稍有差异。 相似文献
8.
铁矿尾矿料力学特性及坝体变形稳定性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
尾矿料矿物成分复杂,物理力学特性区域差异性大。本文以西南地区某铁矿拟建尾矿库为研究对象,对粗、细两种尾矿料进行了系统的物理力学特性试验,获得了粗细尾矿料物理力学指标并应用到尾矿库坝数值分析,分析了该尾矿库坝的应力变形特性,对不同堆积高程、不同工况下尾矿库坝的安全稳定性进行计算分析。此外采用拟静力法对地震荷载作用下尾矿坝的稳定性进行分析。结果表明,粗尾矿料会呈现出剪胀和软化力学特性,而细尾矿料则无明显剪胀;尾矿坝坝体内以压应力为主,坝体表面出现小范围拉应力区;高堆积高程,坝体倾向于发生深层滑动,坝体最小安全稳定性系数较大;干滩长度增大明显提高坝体稳定性;最后对该尾矿库的安全运行提出了一些针对性措施及建议。 相似文献
9.
The Athabasca Oil Sands contain one of the world's largest oil reserves consisting of approximately 168 billion barrels of currently recoverable bitumen. With 20% recoverable through open pit mining methods, this extraction process produces a considerable amount of fluid fine tailings (FFT) waste material, which must be deposited on site in tailings ponds. These ponds allow the waste sand, clay and residual bitumen to settle out of the water column, allowing for the water to be recycled for use again in the extraction process. It is vital to gain a better understanding of the processes contributing to the development of physicochemical gradients (pH, Eh, Oxygen etc…) that form in these tailings ponds over time, with the goal of remediation and subsequent construction of end-pit lake systems once oil extraction has ceased. To differentiate between the impacts of biotic and abiotic processes in fresh (newly processed material) and mature FFT (∼38 year old tailings) over a 52-week study, a specific experimental design was utilized in accordance with novel microsensor profiling techniques. The sulfide diffusive fluxes within mature biotic systems measured 37.6 μmol m−2 day−1 at the onset of the experiment, decreasing over time, as FeS mineralization progressed. In addition, DO fluxes also showed strong correlation to the physical affects of consolidation, and overall biological consumption of O2 at the FFT-water interface. This holistic study comparing different tailings pond materials provides insight regarding biotransformation and physicochemical controls effecting sediment oxygen demand associated with reclaimed wetlands and end pit lake development. 相似文献
10.
柿竹园千吨尾矿库尾矿中锡的赋存状态研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
截至2004年,柿竹园多金属矿山约有1万多吨的锡未被回收而进入了尾矿库,开展尾矿中锡的赋存状态研究对综合回收利用尾矿,解决矿产资源短缺问题具重要的意义。本文用ICP-MS、XRF、XRD、激光粒度仪、电子探针等实验手段,研究了柿竹园千吨尾矿库中Sn的赋存状态和分布特征。结果发现尾矿中Sn分布较均匀,随深度的变化不大。在较细粒尾矿中Sn主要以独立锡石和石榴子石中类质同象的形式存在,在较粗粒尾矿中主要是以类质同象形式存在。 相似文献
11.
在我国“海洋强国”建设下,南海岛礁建设顺利推进,以浅层礁坪为介质的地源热泵技术、能量桩等,实质是与礁砂介质能量交换的过程,需进一步掌握珊瑚砂导热性能的演变规律。以南海岛礁珊瑚细砂为研究对象,测定并探讨在不同干密度和含水率下对3大热物理参数的影响,并选用12种砂土热物理参数模型的预测数据与实测数据进行类比分析,提出适宜预测珊瑚细砂导热性能的经验模型。结果表明,珊瑚细砂导热系数和体积比热容、热扩散系数均与干密度呈正相关关系,导热系数和体积比热容与含水率的相关系数高于干密度,而热扩散系数与含水率呈“凸”形增长关系,与干密度的相关系数远高于含水率。基于试验实测数据进行线性回归分析,修订Cote-Konrad模型与Gangadhara Rao模型,显著提高模型对珊瑚细砂导热系数预测准确性;通过De Vries模型与Xu模型的线性修正,大幅缩小珊瑚细砂体积比热容预测值与实测值的差异,在Dai模型相关系数的二元拟合分析基础上,建立表征珊瑚细砂热扩散系数预测模型,为岛礁隔热、控温工程设计以及珊瑚砂热物理特性研究提供参考。 相似文献
12.
Summary In the mining industry today there is some caution about using fine tailings as a backfill material. Traditionally, hydraulic backfill has only used the coarse fraction of tailings, excluding the fines by a classification process. With the development of paste fill, the percentage of fine tailings being sent underground has increased, but still remains low due to the high percentages of sand and gravel which usually make up these fills. Sand and gravel have been added to paste fills to aid pumpability and to increase fill strength and stiffness. This leaves the remainder of fine tailings destined for surface disposal. The main focus of this paper is to evaluate what effect the addition of fine gold mill tailings in the form of agglomerated tailings pellets has on the strength and stiffness characteristics of a total tailings paste fill. The purpose is to create a high modulus fill which is made up entirely of fine tailings. A constant slump design of 20 cm (8 in) was used for each mix. Various binder dosages, curing periods and combinations of pellet to tailings ratio were studied. Raw fill slump and density, and cured fill compressive strength and modulus of elasticity were also examined. Results from the above study indicate that agglomerated tailings paste fill (ATPF) has superior strength and stiffness characteristics. Compressive strengths were enhanced while the modulus of elasticity values was tripled when compared to total tailings paste fills of the same binder content and consistency. ATPF minimizes the surface disposal of tailings and maximizes the utilization of fine tailings underground as a useful backfill material. 相似文献
13.
目前国际上对高温下土壤热导率的试验和模型预测研究比较缺乏,通过KD2 Pro测试两种红黏土在较广温度范围（5~90℃）和含水率范围内的热导率,并选择IPCHT模型预测高温下体积含水率-热导率的变化规律。测试结果表明,两种红黏土的热导率对体积含水率的敏感程度与温度有关,且热导率均随温度的升高而增大,在90℃时热导率最高可达5℃的3~4倍。60~90℃范围内热导率随体积含水率的变化存在明显的临界含水率（对应土壤的塑性指数）,但相同温度、体积含水率下,柳州红黏土中水汽潜热传输效应较桂林红黏土要明显。模型预测研究表明,除粉砂质黏壤土外,高温下IPCHT模型预测效果均不理想,经传质增强因子ξ修正后,柳州红黏土以及细砂的热导率预测值和实测值均相符得较好（RMSE < 30%）,但桂林红黏土的整体预测效果仍较差。 相似文献
14.
Potential Application of Lateritic Soil Stabilized with Cement Kiln Dust (CKD) as Liner in Waste Containment Structures 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Agapitus Ahamefule Amadi Adrian Oshioname Eberemu 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2013,31(4):1221-1230
This study evaluates the applicability of residually derived lateritic soil stabilized with cement kiln dust (CKD), a waste product from the cement manufacturing process as liner in waste repositories. Lateritic soil sample mixed with 0–16 % CKD (by dry weight of the soil) was compacted with the British Standard Light, West African Standard and British Standard Heavy compaction efforts at water contents ranging from the dry to wet of optimum moistures. Geotechnical parameters such as Atterberg limits, compaction characteristics, hydraulic conductivity, unconfined compressive strength and volumetric shrinkage strain were determined. Results indicate that the plasticity index, the maximum dry unit weight and hydraulic conductivity together with the volumetric shrinkage decreased with increased amount of CKD while the optimum moisture content and unconfined compressive strength increased with higher CKD content for all the efforts. When measured properties were compared with standard specifications adopted by most environmental regulatory agencies for the construction of barrier systems in waste containment structures, the resulting values showed substantial compliance. Besides developing an economically sustainable liner material, the present study demonstrated effective utilization of an industrial by-product otherwise considered as waste by the producers, in addition to a systematic expansion in the use of the lateritic soil for geotechnical works. 相似文献
15.
膨润土的热学性能是评价膨润土作为高放废物深地质处置库缓冲/回填材料的重要参数。高庙子膨润土矿床初步确定为我国缓冲/回填材料的供应基地,本研究以石英砂作为添加剂,通过实验获得了高庙子膨润土在不同含水率和不同砂含量时所对应的导热系数。结果表明,在相同压实条件下,导热系数随着含水率、石英砂含量的增加而增加。 相似文献
16.
广西大多数金属矿山尾矿采用地表堆存方式存放,不仅对环境存在危害,而且占用土地,尾矿库也存在安全隐患.对尾矿有价金属元素进行再回收,大宗尾矿做充填建筑材料,既能够解决矿山充填骨料的来源问题,也能实现矿山固体废弃物的资源化和减量化. 相似文献
17.
Bitumen recovery from Alberta oil sands generates fluid fine tailings, which are retained in tailings ponds where solids settle and release process water. The recovered water is recycled for bitumen extraction, while the resulting tailings are incorporated into various landforms for reclamation, with one option being conversion of tailings basins to viable end pit lakes. Tailings ponds commonly host diverse microbial communities, including SO4-reducing prokaryotes. The highly reducing nature of the hydrogen sulfide produced by these prokaryotes may impact the biogeochemical cycling of key nutrients. However, the behavioral dynamics of hydrogen sulfide production in ponds containing fluid fine tailings remain to be clearly explained. In this study, microcosms are used as analogues of the sediment–water interface of a tailings pond undergoing reclamation to determine sulfide generation patterns and the behavior of O2. In the microcosms, hydrogen sulfide fluxes correlated positively with biotic activity, reaching levels of over 2 × 103 nmol cm−2 s−1, leading to Fe sulfide formation. Depth-related hydrogen sulfide profiles in the microcosms were comparable to those encountered in situ, in Syncrude’s West In-Pit, an active tailing pond. Oxygen diffusion across the fluid fine tailing sediment–water interface was controlled to different degrees by both biotic and abiotic processes. The results have implications for quantitatively estimating the impact of hydrogen sulfide production, O2 availability, and biogeochemical cycling of key nutrients important for the success of life in fluid fine tailings-affected ecosystems. This paper shows that this production of hydrogen sulfide may be a self-limiting process, which will begin to decrease after a period of time. 相似文献
18.
Chemical characteristics and acid drainage assessment of mine tailings from Akara Gold mine in Thailand 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Chulalak Changul Chakkaphan Sutthirat G. Padmanahban Chantra Tongcumpou 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,60(8):1583-1595
Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) is a great concern in many abandoned mines because of its adverse effect on the environment. In mining
processes, many kinds of wastes are produced. These wastes may become eventually sources of environmental degradation. The
focus of this study is the geochemical characterization of the end-processed tailings generated by Akara Gold Mine, the biggest
gold mine in Thailand. Tailing samples were systematically collected for analyses of chemical and mineralogical compositions.
As a result, their quantitative chemical analyses are slightly different from place to place, but mineral components cannot
be clearly differentiated. For instance, it may be assumed that the end-processed tailings, which were a mixture between high
and low grade concentrates, would have similar mineral components. However, the little variation of chemical composition may
be caused by the ore refining processes that are somehow varied in proportion to chemical additives, alkali cyanide and quick
lime in particular. In addition, clay composition in ore-bearing layers may also influence alumina content of tailings, accordingly.
Distribution of the tailings is not related to depth and distance of the tailing storage pond because the disposal has sped
them over the pond during operation. Total heavy metals of the tailing samples were analyzed on the basis of the EPA 3052
method. Consequently, the most toxic elements (e.g., Co, Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni and Zn) were found falling within the standard
of Thailand Soil Quality Standards for Habitat and Agriculture. Only Mn appears to have higher content than the standard.
In addition, leaching tests proved that these tailings contain low metal concentrations. As a result, at pH 2, Mn can leach
out exceeding the Thailand Surface Water Quality Standard for Agricultural (Mn <1 ppm) and the Thailand Industrial Effluent
Standard (<5 ppm). Although leachate at pH 4 and neutral conditions contains lower Mn than the Industrial Effluent Standard
it still exceeds the surface water quality standard. Interestingly, Pb can be leached out exceeding both standards (0.2 ppm
for the industrial effluent standard and 0.05 ppm for the surface water quality standard). For Ni leaching, its concentration
is lower than the Industrial Effluent Standard at all pH conditions but still exceeds the Surface Water Standard at pH 2 and
4. This information should be taken into consideration for further environmental monitoring. Acid generating potential of
the tailings was estimated using acid–base accounting (ABA) and net acid generation (NAG) tests. The results of ABA and NAG
tests show that the tailing samples contain a high amount of sulfur. However, they also contain high acid neutralization capacity.
Consequently, these tailings may not have potential to generate acid drainage; in the other words, they can be classified
as a non-acid forming (NAF) material. However, since these tailings contain some heavy metals (e.g., Ni, Mn and Pb) that are
observed in leachates exceeding the standards at low pH, the AMD conditions may lead to heavy metal release. Therefore, prevention
of oxidizing process and dissolution should be considered with great care. In addition, Mn and Pb can also be leached at neutral
conditions. Barrier of air and water, clay layer for example, should be placed over the tailings pound before covering by
topsoil for re-vegetation. Growing native grass is recommended for stabilization of the surface and reducing erosion rate.
Monitoring of water quality should also be carried out annually. 相似文献
19.
核废料封存到处置库后还会继续释放衰变热,需要加快热量向周边围岩消散,确保处置库处于安全运行状态。而提高缓冲层的导热性能成为解决该问题的突破口。将天然石墨粉掺入到钠基膨润土中,以期配置成导热速度快、隔离能力强的缓冲层回填材料。通过开展石墨?膨润土混合物的自由膨胀率、恒体积膨胀力、饱和渗透系数和导热系数等试验,研究石墨掺入率（Rg分别为5%、10%、15%、20%、30%、40%）和不同粒径（297、150、74、44 μm）对其水?力?热性能的影响规律。结果表明,掺入石墨后显著提高了膨润土的导热性能,但其提升幅度受石墨掺入率、初始含水率和初始干密度等因素影响。综合分析石墨?膨润土混合物的水?力?热性能参数,发现最优石墨掺入率处于15%～20%（质量比）范围内;相同石墨掺入率下石墨粒径为150 μm或74 μm时混合物的水?力性能最优。石墨?膨润土混合物压实后的孔隙分布显示,相同石墨掺入率下石墨粒径过大或者过小都易形成大孔隙。究其原因,天然鳞片状石墨呈扁平状,大部分膨润土颗（团）粒小于石墨,与石墨属于点?面接触方式。尤其是压实程度不高时,膨润土颗（团）粒和石墨接触面处存在大量的孔隙;而且石墨属于憎水性材料,对水分子的拖拽力弱,即使膨润土吸水膨胀后,水分也容易从石墨薄片表面处通过。 相似文献
20.
本研究的目的是建立一种简单实用的上游式尾矿坝非饱和带滞水曲线的数学模型。研究方法采用拟合法。在揭示了硬岩尾矿砂的沉积距离与含水率、孔隙比等之间关系的基础上,建立了一种arctanx的函数,用来表征含水率与基质吸力的关系。将本模型应用于降雨入渗条件下饱和-非饱和渗流场分析,结果表明,数学模型与实验数据,具有明显的一致性。研究表明:该数学模型函数简单,适用于上游式尾矿坝。 相似文献