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1.
Cyanobacterial mats are found at various locations along the coast of the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Those mats were affected by severe oil pollution following 1991 oil spill. In this study, samples from Abu Ali Island were collected at three selected sampling sites across the intertidal zone (Lower, Middle, and Upper) in order to understand the effect of extreme environmental conditions of high salinity, temperature and desiccation on distribution of cyanobacteria along the oil polluted intertidal zone. Our investigation of composition of cyanobacteria and diatoms was carried out using light microscopy, and Denaturant Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) technique. Light microscopy identification revealed dominant cyanobacteria to be affiliated with genera Phormidium, Microcoleus, and Schizothrix, and to a lesser extent with Oscillatoria, Halothece, and various diatom species. The analysis of DGGE of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA fragments showed that the diversity of cyanobacteria decreases as we proceed from the lower to the upper intertidal zone. Accordingly, the tidal regime, salinity, elevated ambient air temperature, and desiccation periods have a great influence on the distribution of cyanobacterial community in the oil polluted intertidal zone of Abu Ali Island. 相似文献
2.
随着工业和经济的发展,水体富营养化以及由此导致的蓝藻水华现象频发,严重影响水生态安全及健康。蓝藻水华形成过程包括休眠、复苏、生物量增加以及上浮聚集形成肉眼可见的水华4个阶段。蓝藻自身的生长机制是引发水华的重要原因,其中浮力调节机制是其重要的生存策略之一,在春季复苏、夏季大量增长及最终上浮至水体表面形成水华阶段均具有重要作用。了解蓝藻浮力调节机制及其在水华过程中的作用对于了解蓝藻生长特性及水华形成机理具有重要意义。气囊及细胞镇重物是常见的浮力调节机制。除此以外,新的研究发现光照条件下单细胞蓝藻产生的大量氧气泡可促使蓝藻上浮至水面形成水华。同时,野外蓝藻常以群体状态存在,群体内部形成的细胞间隙及光照条件下产生的大量氧气是促使蓝藻上浮至水体表面的另一重要原因。野外蓝藻群体在其内部形成微环境,其理化性质可随外界环境的改变发生快速变化,群体内外微环境相互作用,共同影响群体内部细胞间隙中溶氧浓度及浮力。了解蓝藻浮力调节机制及群体内部微环境理化性质对深入了解蓝藻的生长特性及从微观层面分析水华形成机理具有重要意义。本文综述了水华暴发过程中蓝藻的主要浮力调节机制,以期为从微观层面探明蓝藻水华暴发机理提供... 相似文献
3.
胶被是蓝藻细胞外部的功能性结构,在蓝藻形态适应性策略中发挥重要作用,影响蓝藻水华发生及其优势维持.近年来,对蓝藻胶被的特性、结构组分、影响因子、及其工业应用等方面已有较为丰富且清晰的科学认识.但对胶被生物学功能及相关分子调控机制的研究却相对较少.本文对淡水蓝藻胶被的产生、生物学功能及其分子调控机制进行了综述,总结了胶被4个方面生物学功能:1)保护屏障抵御外界胁迫;2)参与营养物质的传递、吸收和储存:3)参与运动迁移过程;4)促进蓝藻聚集和水华形成;结合近年来分子生物学前沿技术的应用,本文分析蓝藻胶被合成的分子生物学研究现状;探讨蓝藻响应外界不同环境的胶被分子调控机制,并对蓝藻胶被的未来研究热点进行了展望. 相似文献
4.
滇池蓝藻水华发生频率与气象因子的关系 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
蓝藻水华暴发是在一定的营养、气候、水文条件和生态环境下形成的藻类过度繁殖和聚集的现象,是水体环境因子(如总氮、总磷、pH值、溶解氧)和气象因子综合作用的结果.然而滇池周年性水华暴发标志着滇池蓝藻水华在当前水质条件下,气象因子为关键影响因子.为了进一步探究滇池蓝藻水华发生与气象因子的规律,本文利用2010-2011年滇池蓝藻水华遥感监测资料与周边地面气象站逐月资料,研究滇池蓝藻水华月发生频率与月气象因子的关系.结果显示,滇池蓝藻水华发生频率与平均气温、最低气温、平均风速、累计日照时数和降雨量等气象因子均表现为显著相关,其中与日照时数和风速呈显著负相关.各因子中与风速的相关系数最高,说明滇池各月蓝藻水华发生频率高低与风速关系最为密切,进一步验证了在具备蓝藻水华发生所需营养盐条件下,水体稳定性对蓝藻水华发生的影响更为重要的结论.以上结果可为科学预测蓝藻水华发生,并采取相应措施减少其带来的影响提供理论依据. 相似文献
5.
水华蓝藻的生物学特性及其竞争优势、蓝藻水华的形成与维持机制等科学问题,一直是国内外研究的热点。氮素是诱发蓝藻水华暴发的重要营养盐,蓝藻对氮素的同化与其光合作用密切偶联。然而,水体中氮素存在多种形态,不同形态氮素对蓝藻生长和水华发生的影响具有显著差异。因此,了解蓝藻光合作用特征及其同化不同形态氮素的机制和策略,对深入理解蓝藻水华的发生机理具有重要意义。本文在蓝藻的光能捕获与激发能转移、光合电子传递、碳浓缩机制及CO2同化等光合作用过程及其特征综述的基础上,对蓝藻摄取、同化5种主要氮素形态(NO3-、NO2-、NH4+、尿素和N2)的分子机制及其特征进行了解读,总结了蓝藻细胞光合碳、氮同化的耦合关系及调控机制;并指出了该领域的未来发展方向,以推动该方向的深入研究。 相似文献
6.
de Mora S Tolosa I Fowler SW Villeneuve JP Cassi R Cattini C 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(12):2323-2349
The composition and spatial distribution of various petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs), comprising both aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and selected chlorinated pesticides and PCBs were measured in biota and coastal sediments from seven countries in the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman (Bahrain, Iran, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates). Evidence of extensive marine contamination with respect to organochlorinated compounds and PHs was not observed. Only one site, namely the BAPCO oil refinery in Bahrain, was considered to be chronically contaminated. Comparison of the results from this survey for Σ DDTs and Σ PCBs in rock oysters from the Gulf of Oman with similar measurements made at the same locations over the past two decades indicates a temporal trend of overall decreasing Σ PCB concentrations in oysters, whereas Σ DDTs levels have little changed during that period. 相似文献
7.
全球气候变化显著影响湖泊理化环境和生态系统演化,对生态系统服务造成负面影响甚至引发生态系统灾变,其中风速下降可能促使富营养化湖泊蓝藻水华的暴发和水面漂浮集聚。以往由于较低的观测频次,往往很难精细量化风对蓝藻水华的影响。利用陆基高光谱近感观测技术,基于分钟小时尺度开展周年高频观测,通过对6—10月蓝藻生长期太湖表层水体叶绿素a浓度统计分析,量化蓝藻水华高频动态变化特征,确定蓝藻水华漂浮集聚的风速阈值。研究发现,随着风速的下降,水体表层叶绿素a浓度随之增加,蓝藻水华出现概率也随之增加。概率分析显示,当近地面风速小于2.5 m/s时,湖泊表层比较容易形成明显肉眼可见的蓝藻水华,藻华发生概率为55.1%。长时间持续的低风速容易诱发蓝藻水华形成和漂浮集聚,强风浪事件后低风速出现1～2天叶绿素a往往就能恢复以往较高水平,这为管理者有效防控蓝藻水华提供了新视角。长期气象观测显示,气候变化影响下太湖地区风速呈现显著下降趋势,增加了蓝藻竞争优势和发生概率,有助于其在表面漂浮集聚。在未来的气候变化情景下,如果风速继续呈现下降趋势,在营养盐条件不变情况下湖泊表层蓝藻水华发生概率可能还会上升,增加蓝藻水华防控... 相似文献
8.
大规模蓝藻水华暴发对湖泊水生态系统健康和饮用水安全产生巨大危害,而湖泊水体磷是影响蓝藻水华暴发程度的重要生源要素。应对水体不同磷酸盐浓度,蓝藻高效运行磷酸盐转运系统和磷酸盐特殊转运系统,并合成多聚磷酸盐(聚磷)。蓝藻胞内存在颗粒态、胶体态和可溶态3种形态的聚磷,且不同形态的聚磷分布位置不同。不同蓝藻合成聚磷颗粒的大小、数量和合成期均有所差异。多聚磷酸盐激酶、多聚磷酸盐外切酶、多聚磷酸盐内切酶和P-AMP-磷酸转移酶分别催化聚磷的合成与分解。多聚磷酸盐是二价阳离子的螯合剂,也是磷酸盐及高能磷酸键的储藏库,为细胞生存提供阳离子、磷酸盐和能量,满足蓝藻生命活动过程中生理生化活动所需,具有抵御高温、高pH、紫外线和营养盐缺乏等环境胁迫的生理功能,提升其在不利环境中的生存能力。同时,在蓝藻水华持续暴发、湖泊藻型生境稳态和磷生物地球化学循环过程中聚磷发挥重要的生态功能。因此,蓝藻合成聚磷的分子生物学机制及生态功能研究能够阐明聚磷的存在如何改变湖泊水体—沉积物磷分配、食物网中磷传递等。而开展调控聚磷合成的技术研究,通过控制蓝藻合成聚磷来减轻蓝藻水华暴发规模,将为湖泊水体良性生态系统的重构提供新方法。 相似文献
9.
Macrobenthic community structure in the northern Saudi waters of the Gulf, 14 years after the 1991 oil spill 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Joydas TV Qurban MA Al-Suwailem A Krishnakumar PK Nazeer Z Cali NA 《Marine pollution bulletin》2012,64(2):325-335
The 1991 Gulf oil spill heavily impacted the coastal areas of the Saudi waters of the Arabian Gulf and recent studies have indicated that even 15 years after the incident, macrobenthos had not completely recovered in the sheltered bays in the affected region such as, Manifa Bay. This study investigates the community conditions of macrobenthos in the open waters in one of the impacted areas, Al-Khafji waters, about 14 years after the spill. Diversity measures and community structure analyses indicate a healthy status of polychaete communities. The BOPA index reveals that oil sensitive amphipods were recolonized in the study area. This confirms that the benthic communities of the oil spill impacted area had taken only <14 years to recover in the open waters of the impacted areas. The study also reveals the existence of three distinct polychaete communities along the depth and sediment gradients. 相似文献
10.
Toxic cyanobacteria have become a common nuisance in freshwater lakes and reservoirs throughout the world, sometimes resulting in the closure of sites with high amenity value. Cyanobacteria are able to regulate their buoyancy state in response to changing photosynthetic rates. Additionally, the cyanobacteria are liable to become entrained within wind-induced near-surface turbulent currents, resulting in mixing and mass transport. These movement processes have been modelled. A mathematical function is presented which describes light- and nutrient-limited cyanobacterial growth. The growth model is integrated with a previous movement model (SCUM: simulation of cyanobacterial underwater movement) as movement patterns and wind-induced lake mixing strongly affect the intensity and duration of light received by the cyanobacteria and thereby determine the photosynthetic potential. Results of the model suggest that cyanobacteria are resistant to periods of lake mixing and continue to increase their biomass, but at a depressed rate. Growth is most rapid under calm conditions. The results agree well with field-based findings, confirming the validity of the growth function. 相似文献
11.
五株微囊藻毒素降解菌的分离与鉴定 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
有毒蓝藻产生的蓝藻毒素导致地表水的污染已是全球普遍的现象,最常见的毒素是能导致肝癌的肝毒素微囊藻毒素(MC),迄今为止尚无适用的MC驱除技术,微生物降解MC可能是一条有效的途径．本研究以铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806)所产生的MC为底物,从多个形成微囊藻水华的水体中分离获得能显著降解MC的细菌18株,相对降解能力从18．4％到48．2％．对其中5株MC相对降解能力较强的菌,通过形态特征和生理生化特征分析,鉴定出5株菌分别为:不动细菌属(Acinetobacter)、肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)、微杆菌属(Microbacterium)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)和弗拉特氏菌属(Frateuria),均不同于已报道的属种． 相似文献
12.
太湖富营养化条件下影响蓝藻水华的主导气象因子 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
利用2004-2018年卫星遥感解译的太湖蓝藻水华信息构建蓝藻综合指数,采用随机森林机器学习算法分析同期气象因子与蓝藻水华综合指数的关系,定量评估影响蓝藻水华的主要气象因子特征变量的重要性度量和贡献率.结果表明,在光、温、水、风等主要气象要素中,气温对蓝藻水华综合指数起着主导的作用,其次是风速和降水,日照时间的影响或可忽略.其中气温条件中重要性度量最大的是年平均气温,其次是冬、春季节的平均气温;风速因子中影响较大的是7月份的平均风速;水分条件中主导因子是9月累计降水量.优选的随机森林模型模拟值与实际蓝藻水华综合指数的变化趋势基本一致,拟合优度为0.91,通过0.01显著性检验,随机森林模型模拟效果较好.用随机森林模型模拟值对太湖蓝藻水华分等级评估,模型模拟精度达到了86.7%,其中5个重度等级年份模型模拟结果完全一致,中度等级的6个年份模型模拟值有5年与之相符,中度以上等级的模拟精度达90.9%,模型能够反映气象因子对蓝藻水华综合指数的综合影响,对中、重度蓝藻水华的模拟效果更好.随机森林模型有助于理解富营养化状态下影响蓝藻水华的主导气象因子,利用气象因子的可预测性可以促进蓝藻水华预测预警能力的提升. 相似文献
13.
蓝藻的防控与治理是湖泊水环境、水生态管理的重要内容,实时获取蓝藻的空间分布信息对于降低蓝藻灾害风险具有重要意义.针对地面调查费时费力、卫星遥感监测粒度较粗且时效性不强等问题,本文提出了一种基于视频监控网络的湖泊蓝藻实时监测技术.基于环巢湖视频监控网络的33个功能摄像机,研究如何从视频图像中实时、准确提取蓝藻的分布信息.为克服不同摄像头的观测角度不一致、光照强度和背景条件不一致等诸多挑战,在视频图像蓝藻表征分析的基础上,通过多尺度深度网络进行图像粗粒度分类,区分蓝藻与浑浊、阴影水体;基于随机森林进行蓝藻精细化识别,克服蓝藻的强异质性.最后以渔政站沿岸水域的日均蓝藻覆盖率和月均蓝藻覆盖率为统计单位,开展了巢湖沿岸蓝藻的动态监测.研究成果可为科学制定蓝藻治理方案提供技术支撑. 相似文献
14.
《Limnologica》2021
Inlay Lake is the second largest natural lake in Myanmar. Located in Shan State, in the eastern part of the country, it is a known biodiversity hotspot. The lake is negatively affected by an increasing local human population and rapid growth in both agriculture and tourism. In recent decades, several studies have listed faunistic and floristic groups in Inlay Lake, but there is still a general lack of knowledge about the aquatic macrophyte and phytoplankton community composition and abundance, and their interactions. To fill this knowledge gap, field surveys of biological and physical and chemical parameters were carried out in the period 2014–2017. They show that Inlay Lake is a shallow, clear water and calcareous lake, with nutrient concentrations indicating mesotrophic-eutrophic conditions. However, close to the shore, nutrient concentrations are generally higher, reflecting pollution from inflowing rivers, shoreline villages and floating gardens. Both the richness and abundance of aquatic macrophytes in Inlay Lake were high, with several species forming extensive stands in most of the lake over the whole survey period. Total phytoplankton and cyanobacterial biomass were low, but cyanobacteria included toxin-producing strains of Microcystis, suggesting that cyanobacterial and total phytoplankton biomass need to be kept low to avoid potentially harmful cyanobacterial blooms. Submerged macrophyte abundance and phytoplankton biomass were inversely correlated in the heavily vegetated northern lake area. Our survey suggests a great importance of the submerged macrophytes to the general water quality and the clear water state in Inlay Lake. Maintaining high macrophyte abundances should therefore be a goal in management strategies, both for Inlay Lake and other lakes in Myanmar. It is highly desirable to include macrophytes and phytoplankton in the lake monitoring in Myanmar. 相似文献
15.
蓝藻水华频繁暴发是太湖面临的主要环境问题之一,蓝藻聚集上浮是表层水华形成的前提。为探究蓝藻垂向迁移与水华日变化之间的关系,阐明蓝藻垂向迁移的关键影响因素,基于2015-2020年地球静止海洋彩色成像仪(GOCI)数据,分析了太湖不同湖区蓝藻水华日变化过程,发现太湖蓝藻水华垂向迁移的日变化主要呈现上升、下降、先上升后下降三种类型,且不同湖区存在差异。统计分析和偏最小二乘法结构方程模型(PLS-SEM)结果表明,水环境因子对蓝藻垂向迁移过程影响较小,累积光辐射是驱动蓝藻垂向迁移的主要气象因子。气温升高有利于蓝藻持续维持上浮能力,前一天风速较大且当天风速较小会加速蓝藻上浮。相较于沿岸湖区,湖心区受累积光辐射、风速的影响更大,蓝藻水华日变化过程更剧烈。本研究水环境因子数据为逐月数据,为深入探究水环境因子对蓝藻垂向迁移的影响后续还需进行高频监测研究。本文结果有助于探明浅水湖泊蓝藻水华形成机制,为富营养化湖泊蓝藻水华预测预警及治理提供理论支撑。 相似文献
16.
2018年10月-2019年10月对巢湖西湖心水体浮游藻类群落结构以及水体和底泥蓝藻生物量进行了月度调查.结果表明:巢湖西湖心浮游藻类的主要优势种属为微囊藻属、席藻属、十字藻、卵形隐藻和鱼腥藻属.蓝藻优势种属在5-10月为微囊藻属,11-12月为鱼腥藻属,1-4月为席藻属.巢湖水体和底泥蓝藻生物量峰值分别出现在9月和2月,水体蓝藻的衰亡下沉会导致底泥蓝藻生物量的上升.巢湖蓝藻主要分布在水体,底泥蓝藻生物量相对较低,单位面积水柱与底泥蓝藻生物量6月的比值大于100,在11-3月相对较低,最低值小于2.底泥蓝藻主要分布在底泥表层0～2 cm.通过安装原位捕获器,监测了蓝藻在西巢湖湖心水柱和底泥中的垂直迁移过程和通量.结果表明:11月和2月蓝藻有明显从水柱向底泥迁移的过程;底泥蓝藻全年向水体的静态迁移量都很低,而动态迁移在11月和6月出现两个峰值,主要受底泥蓝藻生物量和再悬浮的影响.本研究结果表明削减巢湖西湖心底泥种源的最佳时期为10月至来年2月,但是由于底泥蓝藻生物量远远小于水柱蓝藻生物量,底泥蓝藻向水体复苏迁移的通量也较低,即使削减了底泥种源,也不能有效降低水体蓝藻生物量. 相似文献
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寡-中营养型水体中,虽然营养盐水平偏低,但仍会偶发性出现较为严重的蓝藻水华现象,其具体机制仍有待深入探索研究.本研究以偶发水华水体方便水库为例,通过历史数据分析和调查研究,探讨了其水华蓝藻的优势类群,并分析了蓝藻水华形成的主要驱动因素.研究发现:方便水库优势的水华蓝藻为浮丝藻和长孢藻,这两种丝状蓝藻是发生偶发性蓝藻水华的潜在风险物种,其中浮丝藻的发生风险最高,风险时段为7-9月.方便水库多年来营养盐浓度呈现下降的趋势,其中总氮浓度的下降趋势快于总磷浓度,整体有利于蓝藻水华的防控,但是营养盐的波动,尤其是随着降雨导致的地表径流入库对水体总磷的脉冲式补充,降低了水体氮磷比,增加了水库偶发蓝藻水华的风险;在营养盐满足的条件下,水温、高锰酸盐指数和氧化还原电位是发生浮丝藻水华的主要驱动因素,氧化还原电位、水温和透明度是发生长孢藻水华的主要驱动因素.本研究结果有助于提升对偶发性蓝藻水华机制的认识和应急处置工作的精准性. 相似文献
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随着全球气候变化和水体富营养化,在过去几十年中蓝藻水华改变了全球的淡水生态系统.蓝藻因独有的藻蓝蛋白而大多呈现蓝绿色,因此其水华也常称为蓝绿藻水华.然而随着蓝藻水华关注度的不断提升,尤其是监测和研究的不断深入,经常在水体中发现蓝藻水华出现黄化的现象.例如,太湖出现的黄色蓝藻水华,冬春季以长孢藻属(Dolichospermum)水华为主,夏秋季以微囊藻属(Microcystis)水华为主.即使外观看起来是蓝绿色的蓝藻水华,但仔细观察形成蓝藻水华的群体颗粒,也有部分呈现黄色,反之亦然.实际上,鉴于色素组成的差异性,也许水体中就没有两个颜色完全一致的蓝藻群体颗粒.目前对于黄色的蓝藻水华及其形成机理,国内外鲜有报道和研究.光照和氮限制被认为是最有可能的原因.在关注蓝藻水华黄化的同时,更应该关注和研究这些颜色变化给蓝藻水华及水环境所带来的风险和挑战,尤其是对水生态管理工作的启发和意义. 相似文献
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Rénald Belley Philippe Archambault Bjorn Sundby Franck Gilbert Jean-Marc Gagnon 《Continental Shelf Research》2010
The bottom water in the >300 m deep Lower St. Lawrence Estuary (LSLE) is persistently hypoxic in contrast to the normoxic bottom waters in the Gulf of St. Lawrence (GSL). We photographed the seabed at 11 stations in the Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence (EGSL) during the summers 2006 and 2007 and analysed the images to identify bioturbation traces (lebensspuren) and benthic macrofauna. The objective was to identify the environmental variables that influence the density and diversity of benthic macrofauna and bioturbation traces, and the differences that exist among regions with high, medium and low oxygen levels in the bottom water. The bottom water oxygen concentration is the variable that best explains the densities of total-traces as well as surface-traces. However, the density of these traces was higher in hypoxic regions than in well-oxygenated regions. The higher density of traces in the hypoxic region of the LSLE is mainly due to the activities of the surface deposit feeder Ophiura sp., which occurs in large numbers in this region. Possible explanations explored are stress behaviour of the organisms in response to hypoxia and different benthic macrofauna community structures between the hypoxic regions of the LSLE and the normoxic regions of the GSL. In the former, surface deposit feeders and low-oxygen tolerant species dominate over suspension feeders and low-oxygen intolerant species. 相似文献