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1.
河西走廊地势狭长,位于两山之间,主要由荒漠构成,生境一旦遭到破坏,当地物种将很难找到替代的栖息地。本文以河西走廊中部典型砾质戈壁为研究区,经由2019—2020年红外相机和人工观测等方式监测到的兽类和鸟类数据为基准,探讨其群落动态及活动节律。结果表明：砾质戈壁兽类中的国家Ⅱ级重点保护及“三有”（有重要生态、科学、社会价值）动物有6种,而砾质戈壁鸟类中的国家Ⅱ级重点保护及“三有”动物有8种。兽类群落的季节变化小,春季鹅喉羚（Gazella subgutturosa）等的相对多度指数略高于其他季节,三趾跳鼠（Dipus sagitta）在4月大量出现;鸟类群落季节变化明显,春、夏季和秋季鸟类的相对多度指数高于冬季,物种数在夏季和秋季达到峰值。兽类和鸟类的相对多度变化趋势相似,均在夏末和春季达到顶峰。兽类的月相对多度指数与土壤含水量呈极显著的负相关,鹅喉羚和沙狐（Vulpes corsac）等日活动节律受人类活动影响出现在夜间、黄昏或黎明。鸟类的月相对多度指数与人类活动、空气温度、土壤温度和节肢动物均呈显著正相关,但人类活动在生长季会降低一些鸟类的活动频率。总之,河西走廊中部戈壁是鹅喉羚、沙狐、红隼（Falco tinnunculus）、锲尾伯劳（Lanius sphenocercus）、黑尾地鸦（Podoces hendersoni）、沙鵖（Oenanthe isabellina）、漠鵖（Oenanthe deserti）和短趾百灵（Calandrella cheleensis）等兽类和鸟类的主要栖息地,建立沙化土地封禁保护区对保护荒漠动物多样性具有重要的生态意义。 相似文献
2.
长江口北支湿地鸟类多样性研究——鸟类物种多样性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对长江口北支湿地鸟类资源的野外实地调查,共记录到鸟类16目41科216种。鸟类以水鸟为主,其中鸻鹬类、雁鸭类、鹭类、鸥类为水鸟的优势类群,鸻鹬类在种类、数量上最多;以非繁殖鸟(冬候鸟和旅鸟)为主;东洋界种占绝对优势,其次为广布种,古北界种所占比例最小;濒危和珍稀鸟类种类较多,数量较少,且以水鸟为主,湿地生境是其主要生境。鸟类的G指数为4.38,F指数为23.03,G-F指数为0.81,与黄河三角洲湿地和闽江河口湿地相比,长江口北支湿地鸟类的科间多样性和属间多样性均较高。 相似文献
3.
红外相机技术目前已成为监测陆栖哺乳动物和地栖鸟类的常用技术手段。为监测新疆天池博格达峰自然保护区内鸟类和兽类资源,于2019年7月—2020年9月,在保护区内选取30个红外相机位点共布设58台红外相机,累积工作29730个工作日,共获得99850份图像及视频数据,采集独立有效照片5744张;共观测到野生陆生脊椎动物9目19科29种,其中兽类5目10科15种,鸟类4目9科14种。观测到的动物中有国家I级重点保护野生动物雪豹（Panthera uncia）,国家II级重点保护野生动物6种,分别为北山羊（Capra sibirica）、马鹿（Cervus canadensis）、猞猁（Lynx lynx）、赤狐（Vulpes vulpes）、黑鸢（Milvus migrans）以及暗腹雪鸡（Tetraogallus himalayensis）。森林生境中,兽类相对多度指数最高的是马鹿（RAI=60.569）,鸟类相对多度指数最高的是山斑鸠（Streptopelia orientalis,RAI=0.854）;高山草甸及裸岩生境中,兽类相对多度指数最高的是马鹿（RAI=18.693）,鸟类相对多度指数最高的是暗腹雪鸡（RAI=0.316）和黄嘴山鸦（Pyrrhocorax graculus,RAI=0.854）。物种累积曲线结果显示：兽类物种数在200 d之后几乎不再增长,而鸟类物种数在100 d之后增速放缓但一直持续增长,表明时长450 d的红外相机监测力度对保护区中的兽类而言较为充分,对鸟类而言还不够充分。研究结果可为新疆天池博格达峰自然保护区野生陆生脊椎动物多样性监测与评估提供数据参考,为该保护区的保护管理工作提供科学依据。 相似文献
4.
《湿地科学》2019,(6)
以《中国鸟类分类与分布名录》(第三版)为分类系统标准,在2016年鄱阳湖区和2018年江西省鸟类种类统计结果的基础上,对鄱阳湖区鸟类种类进行了重新梳理,形成了最新的鸟类名录。研究结果表明,鄱阳湖区现有鸟类20目76科235属462种,占中国鸟类总种数(1 445种)的31.97%。其中,以古北界种最多,共有244种(占52.82%),东洋界种112种(占24.24%),广布种106种(占22.94%);有国家一级重点保护鸟类11种,国家二级重点保护鸟类70种,江西省重点保护鸟类89种,中国特有种9种,IUCN极危物种4种,濒危物种7种,易危物种20种,CITES附录Ⅰ物种13种,附录Ⅱ物种52种。从居留型分析,有冬候鸟162种,占35.07%,反映了鄱阳湖作为东亚地区最大和最重要水鸟越冬地的特点;留鸟132种,占28.57%;夏候鸟109种,占23.59%;旅鸟48种,占10.39%;迷鸟11种,占2.38%。鄱阳湖区鸟类多样性指数G指数、F指数和G-F指数分别是5.020、42.908和0.883,略高于江西省东北部山区的相应鸟类多样性指数。 相似文献
5.
以《中国鸟类分类与分布名录》(第三版)为分类系统标准,在2016年鄱阳湖区和2018年江西省鸟类种类统计结果的基础上,对鄱阳湖区鸟类种类进行了重新梳理,形成了最新的鸟类名录。研究结果表明,鄱阳湖区现有鸟类20目76科235属462种,占中国鸟类总种数(1445种)的31.97%。其中,以古北界种最多,共有244种(占52.82%),东洋界种112种(占24.24%),广布种106种(占22.94%);有国家一级重点保护鸟类11种,国家二级重点保护鸟类70种,江西省重点保护鸟类89种,中国特有种9种,IUCN极危物种4种,濒危物种7种,易危物种20种,CITES附录Ⅰ物种13种,附录Ⅱ物种52种。从居留型分析,有冬候鸟162种,占35.07%,反映了鄱阳湖作为东亚地区最大和最重要水鸟越冬地的特点;留鸟132种,占28.57%;夏候鸟109种,占23.59%;旅鸟48种,占10.39%;迷鸟11种,占2.38%。鄱阳湖区鸟类多样性指数G指数、F指数和G-F指数分别是5.020、42.908和0.883,略高于江西省东北部山区的相应鸟类多样性指数。 相似文献
6.
江西省鸟类种类统计与多样性分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以《中国鸟类分类与分布名录》(第三版)为分类系统,以2017年鸟类种类统计为基础,对江西省的鸟类种类进行了重新整理,形成了最新的江西省鸟类名录。结果表明:截至20017年底,江西省鸟类有22目84科280属570种(620种和亚种),占我国鸟类1 445种的39.45%,其中259种为古北种(占江西省鸟类种数的45.44%),187种为东洋种(32.81%),124种为广布种(21.75%);有国家I级重点保护鸟类12种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类81种,江西省重点保护鸟类97种;中国特有种15种;IUCN极危物种4种,濒危物种11种,易危物种24种;CITES附录Ⅰ14种,附录Ⅱ61种。江西有留鸟和夏候鸟321种,占全省鸟类种数的56.31%,其中63种为古北种,170种东洋种,88种为广布种,说明江西留鸟和夏候鸟以东洋种为主。江西省鸟类多样性指数G指数、F指数和G-F指数分别为5.266、55.191和0.905。本次统计新增鸟类20种,其中灰翅鸫Turdus boulboul为2017年江西鸟类新纪录种,勺嘴鹬Calidris pygmeus、纵纹腹小鸮Athene noctua和四川短翅蝗莺Locustella chengi等11种为《中国鸟类分类与分布名录》(第三版)中江西有分布的种类,短嘴豆雁Anser serrirostris、北短翅蝗莺Locustella davidi和华南冠纹柳莺Phylloscopus goodsoni等8种为《中国鸟类分类与分布名录》(第三版)中分类新增种。名录中同时列出了各鸟种在《中国鸟类分类与分布名录》(第二版)和《中国观鸟年报"中国鸟类名录"5.0》中的序号,以利于鸟类研究和保护人员了解鸟类在不同分类系统中的分类地位,更好地服务于江西省的鸟类保护管理和科学研究。 相似文献
7.
2010年冬季与2011年春夏季,采用样线法对位于豫鄂交界处的信阳南湾湖鸟类多样性进行调查。结合历史资料,南湾湖共记录到鸟类16目40科110种,其中4目5科9种均为国家重点Ⅱ级保护野生动物;特有种或主要分布在我国的鸟类2目2科2种。留鸟40种,夏候鸟38种,冬候鸟9种,旅鸟23种。古北界鸟类42种,东洋界鸟类35种,广布种33种。研究区具有古北界种与东洋界种混杂的特点,古北界种鸟类占优势,分布型以北方鸟类为主。基于科属水平上的G-F指数计算结果显示,南湾湖的F指数、G指数与F-G指数分别是29.26、4.57、0.84,低于邻近的伏牛山鸟类各指数,显示南湾湖在鸟纲科属水平上与伏牛山鸟类多样性相异,且具有相对较低的鸟类多样性。 相似文献
8.
为掌握南湖国家湿地公园鸟类群落的动态,2015年6月-2016年1月每个季度采用样线法与样点法对公园不同功能分区的鸟类多样性进行调查。结果表明:南湖国家湿地公园共记录41种鸟类,隶属于11目24科。不同功能区域的鸟类密度存在差异,鸟类密度从高到低依次为:合理利用区宣教展示区生态保育区恢复重建区。恢复重建区春、秋两季的Shannon-Wiener指数比夏、冬两季高;而生态保育区则是春、冬两季高。功能区域划分对鸟类分布有显著影响,不同鸟类对区域的选择偏好也不同;一些常见鸟类,如棕背伯劳、喜鹊、麻雀等在不同区域内的分布差异也较显著(P0.05)。湿地公园功能分区和季节变化是影响湿地公园鸟类群落动态的重要因素。 相似文献
9.
《湿地科学》2016,(6)
2014年1~12月,采用路线调查和定点观察相结合的方法,对淮北市采煤塌陷区(南湖湿地和东湖湿地)鸟类多样性进行调查,共记录鸟类13目36科123种,其中,有国家Ⅰ级保护鸟类1种(白头鹤Grus monacha),国家Ⅱ级保护鸟类4种(白额雁Anser albifrons、小天鹅Cygnus columbianus、灰鹤Grus Grus和小鸦鹃Centropus bengalensis),安徽省地方重点保护鸟类29种。季节型中,有留鸟31种(占25.2%),夏候鸟24种(占19.5%),冬候鸟37种(占30.1%),旅鸟31种(占25.2%)。区系组成包括古北界种69种(占56.1%)、东洋界种10种(占8.1%)和两界广布种44种(占35.8%)。该区鸟类优势种有6种,广性分布种16种。对鸟类数量和多样性的分析结果表明,冬季鸟类数量最多;春季和秋季鸟类种类较多,鸟类多样性指数和均匀度指数也较高。在5类生境中,树林灌丛中的物种数和个体数最多,多样性指数和均匀度指数也高于其它生境;芦苇(Phragmites australis)荡生境鸟类数量最少;大面积水域内鸟类的物种数、多样性指数和均匀度指数都较低。土地复垦和盲目开发导致鸟类栖息地被破坏和丧失,影响鸟类多样性。因此,应该加强本地区湿地保护的力度,实施水生植物恢复工程,维持塌陷区湿地丰富的鸟类多样性。 相似文献
10.
《湿地科学》2017,(6)
2015年1~12月,采用路线调查和定点观察相结合的方法,对石龙湖国家湿地公园鸟类多样性进行调查,共记录鸟类14目40科113种,其中,有国家Ⅰ级保护鸟类1种,国家Ⅱ级保护鸟类8种,安徽省地方重点保护鸟类30种。鸟类季节型组成中,有留鸟37种(占32.7%),夏候鸟23种(占20.4%),冬候鸟29种(占25.7%),旅鸟24种(占21.2%)。鸟类区系组成包括古北界种57种(占50.5%)、东洋界种11种(占9.7%)和两界广布种45种(占39.8%)。在113种鸟中,有水鸟46种,其中有雁鸭类8种。该区鸟类优势种有8种,常见种31种。对鸟类数量和多样性的分析结果表明,春季、秋季鸟类种类和数量较多,鸟类多样性指数和均匀度指数也较高。在树林-灌丛、农田与草滩、芦苇(Phragmites australis)荡、滩涂与鱼塘和大面积水域5类生境中,树林-灌丛中的鸟类物种数和个体数最多,多样性指数也高于其它生境;大面积水域内鸟类的物种数和个体数最少,多样性指数也最低。 相似文献
11.
Walter G. Whitford 《Journal of Arid Environments》1997,37(4):709-720
Studies of breeding birds and small mammals were conducted at a series of sites that form a gradient of severity of desertification. Desert grassland sites represented the least changed landscape units and mesquite coppice dunes represented the most severe degradation, an irreversibly degraded landscape unit. The hypothesis that desertification reduces species diversity was not supported by the data. Species richness and diversities (Shannon-Weaver H′) of breeding birds were higher in the desertified areas than in the grassland with one exception. Data from a site dominated by the exotic African grass,Eragrostis lehmanniana, in south-eastern Arizona showed that breeding bird diversity was lower at that site than at a site in the same region that was dominated by native grasses. Species richness, diversity (H′), and abundance of small mammals were also higher in desertified areas than in desert grassland. Most grassland species of birds and mammals persist in the desertified habitats and species that are characteristic of shrublands colonize desertified desert grasslands. This accounts for the increases in species richness. However some species such as the banner-tailed kangaroo rat,Dipodomys spectabilis, are eliminated when grassland degrades to mesquite coppice dune or eroded creosotebush communities. These data suggest that other measures of faunal biodiversity such askeystone speciesmay be better measures of the impact of desertification on animal biodiversity. 相似文献
12.
The summer diet of Little Owls (Athene noctua) in Minqin Desert Experimental Research Station of northwestern China was analysed. A total of 293 individuals representing seven species of rodents, one bird, three reptiles, two families of invertebrates and unidentified invertebrates were identified in 113 pellets and 29 prey remains collected during June and July of 2005. By frequency, invertebrates constituted 77.5% of the diet, mammals 17.8%, reptiles 3.8% and birds 1.0%. In term of biomass consumption, mammals comprised 93.7% of the diet, invertebrates 3.9%, birds 1.9% and reptiles 1.1%. The results suggested that the Little Owls were active at day and night and fed mainly on rodents and beetles related to the desert habitats. 相似文献
13.
LiPing Li ChunYan Zhang Eimear Nic Lughadha Tarciso CCLeão Kate Hardwick YaoMin Zheng HuaWei Wan Ming Ma Nurbay Abudusalih Ying Hai Zhen Pu JiangShan Lai ZhanFeng Shen Li Liu Tuo Wang YangMing Jiang HuiHui Zhao QingJie Liu 《寒旱区科学》2022,14(1):54-67
Patterns in species geographic range size are relatively well-known for vertebrates,but still poorly known for plants.Contrasts of these patterns between groups have rarely been investigated.With a detailed flora and fauna distribution database of Xinjiang,China,we used regression methods,redundancy analysis and random forests to explore the relationship of environment and body size with the geographic range size of plants,mammals and birds in Xinjiang and contrast these patterns between plants and animals.We found positive correlations between species range size and body size.The range size of plants was more influenced by water variables,while that of mammals and birds was largely influenced by temperature variables.The productivity variable,i.e.,Enhanced Vegetation Index(EVI)was far more correlated with range size than climatic variables for both plants and animals,suggesting that vegetation productivity inferred from remote sensing data may be a good predictor of species range size for both plants and animals. 相似文献
14.
In this paper I review recent, small-scale, process-oriented studies of the pelagic distribution of marine birds. I examine the roles played by a variety of hydrographic features, including steep flow gradients (fronts) and water column stratification, in determining the abundance or availability of avian prey. The ice edge/marginal ice zone is a frontal area of particular interest in polar regions. In most oceanic systems we have examples of avian use of a feature, hut only poor information on the importance of the feature for supporting the population as a whole. I review recent studies of the spatial and numerical concordance of marine birds and their prey, and find that these studies have yielded mixed results, with correlations stronger for piscivorous birds, particularly murres foraging on capelin, than for planktivores. Review of investigations of multispecies interactions during foraging shows that flock foraging has both beneficial and negative aspects. Interspecific facilitation of foraging occurs in numerous interactions involving both other species of birds and marine mammals. However, co-occurrence of predators may occur because both seek the same prey, and caution must be used in assessing mutualistic interactions between predatory species. 相似文献
15.
Correlations between guillemots (including Common Guillemots Uria aalge and Brünnich's Guillemots U. lomvia) and their prey (divided into five prey categories, capelin Mallotus villosus , herring Clupea harengus , polar cod Boreogadus saida , plankton, and a mixture of other prey species) at two depths (10-100 m and 100-200m) were estimated along an extended transect of 3,060 nautical miles (5,667 km) in the Barents Sea in April/May 1986. Spatial concordance was highest during daylight hours when the largest number of birds were seen on water (presumably feeding birds). Capelin was the single prey category which was most often associated with birds but no single prey category could alone explain the distribution of birds. Although only a small fraction of guillemots could be identified to species, there was some evidence that capelin were of greater importance to Common than to Brünnich's Guillemots. Overall correlation between birds and total prey density was statistically significant at the smallest scale of 5 nautical miles (n.m.). The removal of herring from the calculations increased the strength of the correlation. The depth at which prey was located had little effect on the distribution of birds. The correlation between birds and prey was scale dependent, and reached a maximum at 90 n.m., although there seemed to be some upper threshold in the coefficient at c. 40 n.m. Numerical concordance (including only 5 n.m. periods where both prey and birds were present) was significant at the 5 n.m. scale but was higher for high density than for low density prey patches. The results are discussed in relation to the few similar studies in other oceans and in relation to the severe reduction of important prey species in the Barents Sea. 相似文献
16.
17.
C.S. Brehme W.I. Boarman S.A. Hathaway A. Herring L. Lyren M. Mendelsohn K. Pease M. Rahn C. Rochester D. Stokes G. Turschak R.N. Fisher 《Journal of Arid Environments》2009,73(9):811-820
We documented changes in the abundance and composition of terrestrial flora and fauna with respect to distance from the sea edge and timing of large allochthonous inputs from the Salton Sea, California. We found significant effects that were most pronounced within 300 m of the shore, but extended 3 km inland via coyote scat deposition. The zone within 300 m of the sea had a higher density of vegetation with a distinctly different plant composition. The denser vegetation supported higher abundances of birds and reptiles. Coyotes exhibited spatial and temporal responses to marine subsidies of fish, while birds were likely subsidized by aquatic aerial insects. Top-down control, as well as dietary and habitat preferences, may have resulted in reduced number of ants, beetles, and small mammals near the sea. Species responses to the habitat edge appeared to be associated with life history, as the near shore habitat favored habitat generalists and shore specialists, while inland desert habitat favored many sand and open desert specialists. Ecosystem responses support current theories of allochthonous spatial subsidies and consumer-resource dynamics but were limited in scope, magnitude, and distance. 相似文献