共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 34 毫秒
1.
Sumer Chopra Jyoti Sharma Anup Sutar B. K. Bansal 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2014,171(7):1311-1328
In this study, source parameters of the September 18, 2011 M w 6.9, Sikkim earthquake were determined using acceleration records. These parameters were then used to generate strong motion at a number of sites using the stochastic finite fault modeling technique to constrain the causative fault plane for this earthquake. The average values of corner frequency, seismic moment, stress drop and source radius were 0.12 Hz, 3.07 × 1026 dyne-cm, 115 bars and 9.68 km, respectively. The fault plane solution showed strike-slip movement with two nodal planes oriented along two prominent lineaments in the region, the NE-oriented Kanchendzonga and NW-oriented Tista lineaments. The ground motions were estimated considering both the nodal planes as causative faults and the results in terms of the peak ground accelerations (PGA) and Fourier spectra were then compared with the actual recordings. We found that the NW–SE striking nodal plane along the Tista lineament may have been the causative fault for the Sikkim earthquake, as PGA estimates are comparable with the observed recordings. We also observed that the Fourier spectrum is not a good parameter in deciding the causative fault plane. 相似文献
2.
C.-C. P. Tsai 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1997,149(2):265-297
—A new, yet simple, method using the asperity model to estimate ground motion in the near-source regime for probabilistic seismic hazard analyses is proposed in this study. This near-source model differs from conventional empirical attenuation equations. It correlates peak ground motions with the local contributing source in terms of the static stress drop released non-uniformly on the causative fault plane rather than with the whole seismic source in terms of magnitude. Here the model is simplified such that ground motions at a rock or firm soil site near extended vertical strike-slip faults are dominated by direct shear waves. The proposed model is tested by comparing its predictions with strong ground motion observations from the 1979 Imperial Valley and the 1984 Morgan Hill earthquakes. The results have revealed that ground motions in the near-source region can be adequately predicted using the asperity model with appropriate calibration factors. The directivity effect of ground motion in the near-source region is negligible for high-frequency accelerations. The cut-off frequency (?max?) at a site is an important parameter in the near-source region. Higher values of ?max yield higher estimates of peak ground accelerations. For high-frequency structures, ?max should be carefully estimated. In the near- source region both non-uniform and uniform source models can produce non-stationary high-frequency ground motions. Peak motions may not be caused by the nearest sections of the fault (even if the uniform source model is considered). 相似文献
3.
1999年9月21日（当地时间）台湾集集7.6级地震是一个逆断层型地震．用回归分析法对台湾集集地震的加速度峰值数据进行分析，得出了这次地震的水平与垂直向的加速度峰值衰减关系．从残差分布上看，位于断层上盘和下盘上的加速度峰值与从衰减关系所得到的结果相比存在不同的系统偏差，断层上盘地表的加速度峰值较高，而下盘地表的加速度峰值较低．从这次地震的加速度峰值分布等值线图上也可以看出，加速度峰值的分布相对于断层呈现明显的不对称性，上盘衰减较慢而下盘衰减较快．在近断层强地面运动研究、地震危险性分析、设定地震研究与震害预测等工作中，应考虑可能地震的震源机制特点，以便使所用的衰减模型更能反映不同地震环境地区的地震动分布特征． 相似文献
4.
Davuluri Srinagesh Shri Krishna Singh Gaddale Suresh Dakuri Srinivas Xyoli Pérez-Campos Gudapati Suresh 《Journal of Seismology》2018,22(3):789-803
The 2017 Guptkashi earthquake occurred in a segment of the Himalayan arc with high potential for a strong earthquake in the near future. In this context, a careful analysis of the earthquake is important as it may shed light on source and ground motion characteristics during future earthquakes. Using the earthquake recording on a single broadband strong-motion seismograph installed at the epicenter, we estimate the earthquake’s location (30.546° N, 79.063° E), depth (H?=?19 km), the seismic moment (M0?=?1.12×1017 Nm, M w 5.3), the focal mechanism (φ?=?280°, δ?=?14°, λ?=?84°), the source radius (a?=?1.3 km), and the static stress drop (Δσ s ~22 MPa). The event occurred just above the Main Himalayan Thrust. S-wave spectra of the earthquake at hard sites in the arc are well approximated (assuming ω?2 source model) by attenuation parameters Q(f)?=?500f0.9, κ?=?0.04 s, and fmax?=?infinite, and a stress drop of Δσ?=?70 MPa. Observed and computed peak ground motions, using stochastic method along with parameters inferred from spectral analysis, agree well with each other. These attenuation parameters are also reasonable for the observed spectra and/or peak ground motion parameters in the arc at distances ≤?200 km during five other earthquakes in the region (4.6?≤?M w ?≤?6.9). The estimated stress drop of the six events ranges from 20 to 120 MPa. Our analysis suggests that attenuation parameters given above may be used for ground motion estimation at hard sites in the Himalayan arc via the stochastic method. 相似文献
5.
2020年5月18日云南省巧家县发生M_S5.0地震,中国数字强震动台网的13个强震台站和昭通简易烈度计示范项目建设的43个烈度计台站,共接收168条强震动记录,经常规处理,绘制震区加速度峰值等值线图,并与云南地区常用地震动衰减关系进行对比,分析加速度峰值较大的几个台站频谱特性,计算地震动能量持时,讨论中小地震中高加速度峰值/低震害现象的成因,得到以下结论:(1) PGA等值线图形状较为平滑,其长轴呈NW—SE向展布;(2)云南地区常用地震动衰减关系预测值总体衰减趋势与观测值一致,但在近场(0—30 km)时,预测值基本偏小;(3)加速度峰值较大的几个台站记录主频集中在1—5 Hz;(4)小河镇台记录的能量持时较短,说明能量衰减较快,属脉冲型记录,不会对建筑物造成较大破坏。 相似文献
6.
7.
Paola Morasca Luca Malagnini Aybige Akinci Daniele Spallarossa R. B. Herrmann 《Journal of Seismology》2006,10(3):315-333
In order to empirically obtain the scaling relationships for the high-frequency ground motion in the Western Alps (NW Italy), regressions are carried out on more than 7500 seismograms from 957 regional earthquakes. The waveforms were selected from the database of 6 three-component stations of the RSNI (Regional Seismic network of Northwestern Italy). The events, M
W ranging between 1.2 and 4.8, were recorded within a hypocentral distance of 200 km during the time period: 1996–2001. The peak ground velocities are measured in selected narrow-frequency bands, between 0.5 and 14 Hz. Results are presented in terms of a regional attenuation function for the vertical ground motion, a set of vertical excitation terms at the reference station STV2 (hard-rock), and a set of site terms (vertical and horizontal), all relative to the vertical component of station STV2.The regional propagation of the ground motion is modeled after quantifying the expected duration of the seismic motion as a function of frequency and hypocentral distance. A simple functional form is used to take into account both the geometrical and the anelastic attenuation: a multi-variable grid search yielded a quality factor Q(f) = 310f
0.20, together with a quadri-linear geometrical spreading at low frequency. A simpler, bi-linear geometrical spreading seems to be more appropriate at higher frequencies (f > 1.0 Hz). Excitation terms are matched by using a Brune spectral model with variable, magnitude-dependent stress drop: at M
w 4.8, we used Δσ = 50 MPa. A regional distance-independent attenuation parameter is obtained (κ0 = 0.012 s) by modelling the average spectral decay at high frequency of small earthquakes.In order to predict the absolute levels of ground shaking in the region, the excitation/attenuation model is used through the Random Vibration Theory (RVT) with a stochastic point-source model. The expected peak-ground accelerations (PGA) are compared with the ones derived by Ambraseys et al. (1996) for the Mediterranean region and by Sabetta and Pugliese (1996) for the Italian territory. 相似文献
8.
Effects of the hanging wall and footwall on peak acceleration during the Jiji (Chi-Chi), Taiwan Province, earthquake 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Introduction In the study of ground motion attenuation model the considered parameters are generally sim-plified as ground motion parameters (acceleration, velocity, displacement, response spectrum, dura-tion, etc), earthquake magnitude, distance and site condition. As the accumulation of ground motion records, it was found that the characteristic of ground motion attenuation in tectonicly compressional region was different from that in tectonicly tensional region and the peak ground accelerat… 相似文献
9.
Microearthquake digital data collected at Campi Flegrei during the recent (1982–1985) ground uplift episode have been analyzed in order to infer source and medium seismic properties. The main results obtained from these analyses are:
- Hypocenter distribution and the size of the seismic zone do not change with time and do not depend on the ground uplift rate. Events occurred clustered in time with no simple causal relations between the cluster occurrences and their energy.
- Anelastic attenuation does not depend strongly on frequency, showing a constant pattern at high frequencies. The observed values of low and high frequency attenuation, due to the short source receiver distances, do not seriously affect the spectral content of signals radiated by the sources.
- A constant Brune stress drop pattern (～4–5 bars) as a function of seismic moment is observed. This indicates that the manner of fracturing is almost independent on magnitude of earthquakes (hypothesis of self-similarity (Aki, 1967)). Seismic processes in a prefractured medium can explain the observed small stress drop values.
- Focal mechanisms from moment tensor estimates show that radiation patterns are mostly well interpreted in terms of double couple source models.
- The scaling of peak ground motion parameters (A max andV max vs seismic moment) can be explained by an ω2 source model (constant stress drop) multiplied by an exponential function with a small decay parameter, which takes into account the measured attenuation.
10.
An endeavor is made to compute peak ground horizontal accelerations at bedrock level in the Delhi region due to the seismogenic sources present around Delhi. The entire area is divided into six seismogenic sources for which seismic hazard analysis is carried out using the complete and extreme part of the seismicity data. Maximum likelihood estimates of hazard parameters viz., seismic activity rate , b value and maximum probable earthquake M
max are made for each zone. The return periods and the probabilities of occurrence of various magnitudes for return periods of 50, 100 and 1000 years are also computed for each zone. The peak ground acceleration (PGA) values for 20% exceedance in 50 years are then computed for the Delhi region from each zone. The maximum PGA value considering all the zones is 0.34 g, which is due to the Mathura fault zone. The seismogenic zones V and VI, i.e., Mathura fault zone and the Sohna fault zone are observed to be contributing maximum PGA values in the Delhi region governing the isoacceleration contours computed for the region. The seismic zonation map for the PGA values at the bedrock level is obtained for the Delhi region. This can be used directly as input for the microzonation of ground motion at the surface by incorporating the local site conditions. 相似文献
11.
12.
The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake with Mw7.9 occurred at Yingxiu County in Longmenshan thrust fault belt, southwest China, having triggered a huge amount of slope failures. This paper applied a detailed inventory with more than 190,000 slope failures and strong ground motion records of 187 seismic stations to analyze the qualitative and quantitative relations between slope failure distribution and seismic parameters. The results revealed that slope failure distribution was exponentially decreased with the increment of epicentral distance and distance from surface fault rupture; peak ground acceleration (PGA) on the hanging wall side was apparently larger than that on footwall side. Linear correlation between concentration of slope failures (LNC) and the percentage of the area affected by slope failure (LAP) and PGA was demonstrated by statistical analysis, which revealed that 0.18~0.21 g horizontal PGA was the threshold value of the occurrence of slope failure. Furthermore, this paper presented an empirical model for the attenuation relation of slope failure distribution. 相似文献
13.
R. Sigbjörnsson J. Th. Snæbjörnsson S. M. Higgins B. Halldórsson S. Ólafsson 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2009,7(1):113-126
This preliminary study aims to investigate a M
w
6.3 earthquake that occurred in South Iceland on Thursday 29 May 2008 at 15:45 UTC. The epicentre was in the Olfus District
between the towns of Selfoss and Hveragerdi. This study examines the data recorded and the damage observed immediately after
the event. Horizontal accelerations of up to 80%g were recorded in the epicentral region and there is visual evidence that
the vertical acceleration exceeded 1 g. The PGA data is compared to a ground motion estimation model developed for the South
Iceland earthquakes in June 2000. In general the basic properties of this event are found to be similar to the characteristics
of the South Iceland earthquakes in June 2000. The duration of strong-motion is short and the intensity attenuates rapidly
with increasing distance. The earthquake action resisted by buildings in the near fault area is inspected through evaluation
of elastic as well as inelastic response spectra. The vast majority of structures seemed to withstand the strong-motion fairly
competently and without significant visual damage due firstly to the low-rise, predominantly reinforced concrete or timber,
style of buildings. Secondly, the short duration of strong-motion contributed to the endurance of structures. 相似文献
14.
2017年8月8日发生的九寨沟MS 7.0地震,是中国近10年来发生的强震之一,造成了大量建筑破坏、人员伤亡和经济损失,强震台网记录到的最大峰值加速度为0.19g。本文采用Wang等(2015) 提出的改进有限断层法模拟了这次地震中部分台站的加速度时程。首先,选取合适的震源模型和输入参数,通过对比模拟结果和地震记录,估计这次地震的应力降大约为4.0MPa,与王宏伟等(2017)的分析结果基本一致。与EXSIM(Motazedian等,2005)方法相比,Wang等(2015) 的方法得到的结果在频域上与实际地震记录更相符。同时,合成了强震台站以及断层附近网格点的加速度时程,模拟结果的时程和反应谱与实际记录整体上较为符合,震中附近的PGA分布与震中烈度区基本一致,验证了本文结果的有效性。本文合成的地震动可以为该地区的灾后抗震设计提供一定依据。 相似文献
15.
Generalized inversion of the S-wave amplitude spectra from the strong-motion network data in the East-Central Iran has been used to estimate simultaneously source parameters, site response and the S-wave attenuation (Qs). In this regard, 190 three-component records were used corresponded to 40 earthquakes with the magnitudes M3.5–M7.3. These earthquakes were recorded at 42 stations in the hypocentral distance range from 9 to 200 km. The inverse problem was solved in 20 logarithmically equally spaced points in the frequency band from 0.4 to 15 Hz. The frequency-dependent site amplification was imposed, as a constraint, on two reference site responses in order to remove the undetermined degree of freedom in the inversion and obtain a unique inverse solution. Also, a geometrical spreading factor was assumed for removing the trade-off between geometrical spreading and anelastic attenuation. Different source parameters, such as seismic moment (M0), seismic energy (Es), corner frequency (fc) and Brune stress drop (Δσ), were estimated for each event by fitting an ω2 model to the spectra obtained from the inversion. The stress drop values of earthquakes, obtained in this research, are in good agreement with those of other studies. Also average site response values were correlated to the average shear wave velocities in the uppermost 30 m, in high and low frequency bands. The peak frequencies of site amplifications, estimated by the generalized inversion method, where in good agreement with those of horizontal to vertical (H/V) spectral ratios for the S-wave portion of records. However, no perfect matching in amplitude was obtained due to the deficiencies of the H/V ratio technique. By supposing a free shape for Q factor, a frequency dependent function was found, the logarithm of which could be approximated by a linear function, Q(f)=151f0.75. The uncertainties of model parameters have been evaluated by covariance matrix of least-square fit. The residuals were also analyzed in order to assess the validity of the model. The analysis of residuals with respect to magnitude and distance indicates that they are distributed normally with approximately zero mean. The robustness of the results has been studied concerning their sensitivities to the omission of different datasets, selected randomly from original database. The results obtained here can be used in predicting ground-motion parameters applying stochastic methods. 相似文献
16.
Babita Sharma Sumer Chopra Anup Kumar Sutar B. K. Bansal 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2013,170(12):2127-2138
In the present study ground motions for a Mw 8.5 scenario earthquake are estimated at 13 sites in Kumaun-Garhwal region using the empirical Green’s function technique. The recordings of 1991 Uttarkashi earthquake of Mw 6.8 at these sites are used as an element earthquake. A heterogeneous source model consisting of two asperities is considered for simulating the ground motions. The entire central seismic gap (CSG) can expect acceleration in excess of 100 cm/s2 with NW portion in excess of 400 cm/s2 and SE between 100 and 200 cm/s2. The central portion can expect peak ground acceleration (PGA) between 200 and 400 cm/s2. It has been observed from simulation of strong ground motion that sites located near the rupture initiation point can expect accelerations in excess of 1g. In the present analysis, Bhatwari and Uttarkashi can expect ground accelerations in excess of 1g. The estimates of the PGA are compared with earlier studies in the same region using different methodologies and it was found that the results are comparable. This has put constrains on the expected PGAs in this region. The obtained PGA values can be used in identifying the vulnerable areas in the central Himalaya, thereby facilitating the planning, design and construction of new structures and strengthening of the existing structures in the region. 相似文献
17.
Nasser Laouami Abdennasser Slimani Youcef Bouhadad Jean-Luc Chatelain Ali Nour 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2006,26(11):991-1003
The Algiers–Boumerdes region has been struck by a destructive magnitude 6.8 (Mw) earthquake on May 21, 2003. The study presented in this paper is based on main shock strong motions from 13 stations of the Algerian accelerograph network. A maximum 0.58g peak ground acceleration (PGA) has been recorded at 20 km from the epicenter, only about 150 m away from a PGA of 0.34g, with both a central frequency around 5 Hz, explained by a strong very localized site effect, confirmed by receiver function technique results showing peaks at 5 Hz with amplitudes changing by a factor of 2. Soil amplifications are also evidenced at stations located in the quaternary Mitidja basin, explaining the higher PGA values recorded at these stations than at stations located on firm soil at similar distances from the epicenter. A fault-related directionality effect observed on the strong motion records and confirmed by the study of the seismic movement anisotropy, in agreement with the N65 fault plan direction, explains the SW–NE orientation of the main damage zone. In the near field, strong motions present a high-frequency content starting at 3 Hz with a central frequency around 8 Hz, while in the far field their central frequency is around 3 Hz, explaining the high level of damage in the 3- to 4-story buildings in the epicentral zone. The design spectra overestimate the recorded mean response spectra, and its high corner frequency is less than the recorded one, leading to a re-examination of the seismic design code that should definitively integrate site-related coefficient, to account for the up to now neglected site amplification, as well as a re-modeling of the actual design spectra. Finally, both the proposed Algerian attenuation law and the worldwide laws usually used in Algeria underestimate the recorded accelerations of the 6.8 (Mw) Boumerdes earthquake, clearly showing that it is not possible to extrapolate the proposed Algerian law to major earthquakes. 相似文献
18.
The 26th April 1986 Dharamsala earthquake (mb 5.5) occurred in the Kangra region of Himachal Himalaya, which lies in the rupture zone of great Kangra earthquake of 1905.
This was the first moderate sized earthquake to be recorded at a few sites of the strong ground motion array in the NW Himalaya.
The accelerograms of this earthquake have been used to estimate its source parameters, site amplification functions and to
estimate the effective shear wave attenuation factor Qβ in the frontal region of Himachal Himalaya. A double couple fault plane solution for the earthquake has been obtained based
on the spectra of the transverse component of the accelerograms. The estimated values of the source parameters are seismic
moment: 2.1×1024 dyne-cm, static stress drop (Δσ): 36 bars, source radius (r): 2.8 km and moment magnitude (Mw): 5.4. The estimated average values of effective shear wave attenuation factor Qβ for various sites are in the range of 125 to 300 with an overall spatial average of 239. The influence of local site effects
on the observed PGA values have been examined on the basis of site amplification functions. 相似文献
19.
A hybrid statistical-deterministic approach has been applied to estimate strong ground motion parameters (PGA, spectral ordinates) in South-Eastern Sicily for a M = 7 earthquake. A number of 100 different rupture processes have been simulated along a composite fault system representing two segments of the Ibleo-Maltese fault scarp. Map at regional scale of mean PGA in the 0.5–20 Hz frequency band shows highest values (0.4–0.5 g) nearby and North of Catania, due to a dominant directivity effect. The COV parameter, which expresses the variability of PGA values as a function of source complexity, is higher in the region nearby and South of the town of Augusta, where, depending on the rupture history, rather large PGA values can be observed (>0.4 g). PGA attenuation curves suggest that an azimuthal variation could be related to the source extent and directivity. The response and pseudo acceleration spectra are computed for different sites in the town of Catania including an approximate 1D site response. Ground motion amplification effects at high frequency (5–20 Hz) are produced by thin shallow layer of soft clay, loose pyroclastites and fill. We observe small amplification effects, in the frequency ranges 2–3 Hz and 5–10 Hz, in sites where recent alluvia reach a thickness of some tens of meters. Otherwise, sites located on outcrops of massive lavas show moderate attenuation. 相似文献
20.
In this article, a stochastic finite fault source model is calibrated to estimate ground motion in northeastern India for intermediate depth events originating in the Indo-Burmese tectonic domain. A total of 47 three-component accelerograms from eight events with magnitudes ranging from M w 4.8–6.4 are used to estimate the input source and site parameters of the finite fault source model. Key seismic parameters such as stress drop (Δσ) and site amplification function are determined from the recorded strong motion data. The obtained stress drop of the eight recorded events lies in between 105 and 165 bars. 相似文献