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1.
川藏公路拉月滑坡破坏过程模型试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
拉月滑坡是川藏公路线上典型的岩质滑坡。拉月一带斜坡岩体中节理裂隙十分发育,节理、裂隙间相互切割、组合,形成具不同块状结构特征的岩体,特别是不同结构特征的岩石块体相互嵌合,形成具不同稳定状况的的岩体结构。拉月滑坡的发生机理是因块状破坏而引发的滑坡,拉月滑坡破坏过程模型试验就是从机理上分析滑坡的发生过程。拉月滑坡模型试验采用了相似材料模型试验方法,建立相似的试验模型,重现滑坡体的受力状态、变形和破坏过程。 相似文献
2.
“5.12”汶川特大地震形成了震区大量的震裂不稳定斜坡,其中绝大部分发生在厚层堆积层斜坡中,这类次生地质灾害有着特殊的力学破坏机制.以小金县某不稳定斜坡为例,研究了高程、地形坡度、岩土体结构条件等对斜坡动力响应的影响,初步分析了厚层堆积层震裂斜坡的变形特征及破坏机制.认为,在地震动力作用下厚层堆积物斜坡往往出现潜在多级滑动面的现象,且破裂面多沿着堆积层中某些曲面发生滑动破坏,这与地震瞬间拉张破坏在斜坡体中产生的震裂缝深度和延伸有关.总的来说,震裂不稳定斜坡的失稳可以认为是地震使边坡岩土体力学参数降低、震后地下水的软化共同作用下累计破坏的结果. 相似文献
3.
已有研究结果表明,强度相对较低的软弱夹层会对地震波产生吸收或强化作用,在一定程度上控制了斜坡的地震动力响应及变形破坏特征。试验以振动台为研究手段,设计并完成含不同厚度水平软弱夹层的两个单面斜坡概念模型。通过记录斜坡模型的变形破坏过程,分析其动力响应特征。试验结果表明,斜坡模型的变形破坏与地震动力参数密切相关:1.模型在正弦波激振下较天然波变形明显;2.合成向ZX、水平单向X和竖直单向Z的激振下,变形程度依次减弱;3.随着激振强度增加,变形破坏愈明显。两模型的变形破坏均出现在坡体中上部,且最大破坏深度距坡顶约50 cm。含薄夹层斜坡的破坏范围分布于整个中上部,坡顶近1/2发生变形和滑移破坏,呈现出"拉裂-剪切-滑移-碎屑流化"破坏模式,而含厚夹层斜坡的破坏范围仅集中于软弱夹层以上坡肩以下,两侧未达坡体边缘的局部范围,形成浅表的"凹岩腔",呈现出"震裂-剥落"破坏模式。在相同的加载条件下,含薄夹层斜坡变形破坏先于含厚夹层斜坡。试验模拟再现了含水平软弱夹层斜坡在强震作用下的变形破坏规律,为地震诱发次生地质灾害的研究和防治提供了有力的依据。 相似文献
4.
朱静 《云南地理环境研究》1995,7(1):48-57
本文划分出澜沧江中下游斜坡结构类型并分析了各斜坡类型的基本特征、变形机制和演化方式，阐述了斜坡变形破坏对该地区人类经济活动的影响，为评价预测澜沧江中下游斜坡稳定性奠定了基础。 相似文献
5.
针对目前斜坡堆载诱发的地质灾害问题,文章以实际工程项目为例,分析了斜坡堆载所处的地质条件与变形开裂现状,并解读了形成机理和影响因素,其目的是为相关建设者提供一些理论依据。结果表明,只有在明确斜坡堆载地质灾害形成机理的情况下,才能最大限度的规避可能带来的安全威胁。 相似文献
6.
据优势面分析原理和方法,对金龙山地区斜坡各种结构面所作的优势面分析结果显示:浅层强风化岩体中顺坡向剪切裂隙,是控制浅层顺层滑坡发生发展的滑动优势面;深层弱风化岩体中粘土岩风化软弱夹层、斜坡上段拉张裂隙与斜坡下段顺坡向剪切裂隙三者相组合,是控制深层顺层滑坡发生的滑动优势面。当地受滑动优势面控制的滑坡变形破坏模式有:浅层为蠕滑—拉裂,深层为滑移—弯曲。 相似文献
7.
四川省高县附近斜坡变形失稳灾害尤为严重。本文对斜坡变形失稳的类型,特点、形成原因、影响因素、破坏模式进行了分析,认为软弱岩层岩性。斜坡岩体结构、斜坡类型、岩体节理裂隙、地貌发育为决定斜坡稳定性的五主导因子。经深入研究,以定性定量标准把五因子分别划分为四级。利用斜坡变形模数计算五因子影响斜坡稳定性的权重等。从而获得了一种新的斜坡稳定性评价模式,把它运用于高县县城附近斜坡稳定性评价中,评价结果与实际基本相符。 相似文献
8.
黄土高原地质灾害发生规律 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《山地学报》2019,(5)
我国每年约有30%地质灾害发生在约占国土面积6%黄土高原地区,灾害数量多、危害严重、机理复杂,然而由于对黄土灾害的发生规律仍然不明晰,长期以来制约了区内大型工程建设、移民搬迁选址等工作。依托1:5万黄土高原区地质灾害调查数据,通过专题要素图件编制和数理统计等手段,重点分析11680处地质灾害,总结了灾害时空分布规律。结果表明,1)在区域地质构造抬升的背景下,黄土高原地形破碎,地貌沟壑纵横,具有滑坡、崩塌、泥石流等地质灾害多发的特点。2)地质灾害具有明显的时空发生规律,在整个黄土高原区域尺度上,地貌演化与斜坡结构控制地质灾害空间分布和斜坡破坏模式;在流域尺度上,老年期、壮年期、幼年期等沟谷发育期控制着地质灾害变形破坏模式及危害程度;在具体斜坡点上,坡型、坡度、坡高等坡体几何形态控制地质灾害的类型和失稳概率;在时间上,降雨及冻融作用控制年内地质灾害的分布。 相似文献
9.
澜沧江中下游斜坡稳定性分区与综合评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文根据澜沧江中下游斜坡稳定性模糊综合评判结果，结果斜坡变形破坏特征，将澜沧江中下游地区划分出二个大区和十个亚区，并综合评述了各区动力环境特征和斜坡稳定状况。 相似文献
10.
震后崩塌是强烈地震造成的震裂山体在后期余震、降雨及重力作用下变形不断发展并再次发生的崩塌。基于对四川省省道S303线映秀-卧龙段震后公路边坡崩塌灾害的调查,通过空间分布、崩塌与物质组成、岩性、失稳斜坡坡度、坡高、坡形、坡向和崩塌形成机理的关系等方面的分析,得到了震后崩塌灾害的发育规律:1.震后崩塌分布规律与地震时引发的崩塌的规律一致,即地震时易发生崩塌的地段地震后仍然易发生崩塌。2.按照边坡物质组成,以岩质边坡崩塌占绝大多数,岩土组合体边坡次之;较坚硬岩石中发生的崩塌多而较弱岩石中发生崩塌少,沿线发生崩塌最多的是岩性为闪长岩、辉长岩和变质砂岩等坚硬岩石组成的斜坡。3.失稳斜坡坡度在36°～85°之间,主要分布在41°～60°之间,即震后崩塌灾害主要发生在40°以上的斜坡。映秀-耿达段和耿达-卧龙段发生崩塌的边坡坡度有明显的差别,映秀-耿达段集中在坡度为46°～60°的斜坡,而耿达-卧龙段集中在在坡度为41°～55°的斜坡。4.绝大多数崩塌发生在坡高150 m以内的斜坡上,映秀-耿达段和耿达-卧龙段发生崩塌的边坡高度有明显的差别,映秀-耿达段集中在高度为51～350 m的斜坡,而耿达-卧龙段集中在在高度<200 m的斜坡,尤以高度<100 m的最多。5.阳坡和阴坡的崩塌数量有明显的差异,阳坡发生崩塌的数量远远大于阴坡崩塌发生的数量。6.震后边坡崩塌的形成机理以滑移式崩塌和倾倒式为主。映秀-耿达段和耿达-卧龙段地处不同地质构造单元,由于岩性的差异,发生崩塌的斜坡的坡度、高度和主要形成机理具有差异性。 相似文献
11.
多数岩质边坡稳定性分析已基本解决了常走向单坡面临空的边坡平面滑动问题。然而,在路堑边坡工程和自然边坡中有很多边坡坡面并不是平面,它包含多个坡面。多坡面边坡包含两个或多个不同走向的坡面。多坡面边坡几何特征不同于单坡面边坡,所以滑动条件也不一样。在赤平投影图上,多坡面的滑动包络线是组成边坡的每个坡面单独投影包络线的组合。为了探讨方便,只讨论了双坡面临空岩质边坡的滑动破坏模式,并将其分为双坡面临空下的平面破坏和楔形体破坏。在赤平投影图上,双坡面滑动区域定义为双坡面边坡滑动包络图中两侧坡面的真倾线之间的面积。如果有一两个节理面真倾向线落在滑动区内,滑动破坏才可能发生。 相似文献
12.
The morphometry of chutes (couloirs), rock funnels, and open cirques are related to the structure of dissected rock masses in the Kananaskis region of the Canadian Rocky Mountains. Data for ten morphometric variables were derived from digital elevation models of 56 open rock basins. The basins were classified structurally according to the relative orientations of bedding planes and the rock slopes. A hypothesis of no differences in morphometry among structural classes is rejected from the results of nonparametric analysis of variance and paired comparisons of rank scores. Basins on dip and overdip slopes have a distinct size, and those on anaclinal slopes have a distinct width and shape. Variation in morphometry from low compactness and area/relief (chutes) to high compactness and low area/relief (funnels) to high compactness and area/relief (open cirques) corresponds to a change in dominant structure from orthoclinal to dip-overdip to underdip to anaclinal. The dip of bedding planes relative to the slope of rockwalls controls the mode of initial displacement of joint blocks and, thereby, the spatial distribution of the retreat of rockwalls. The angle between the rock slope and the strike of dipping strata determines whether beds of differing stability form chutes and buttresses (orthoclinal slopes), or extend across rockwalls (cataclinal and anaclinal slopes) and retreat at similar rates to form funnels and open cirques. The optimal structure for large compact rock basins is anaclinal, and the least favourable is cataclinal dip-overdip slopes. Topoclimate and other geologic structures may account for variance in morphometry not explained by differences among structural classes. 相似文献
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14.
An investigation of periglacial slope stability in relation to soil properties based on physical modelling in the geotechnical centrifuge 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Results are presented from eight scaled centrifuge modelling experiments designed to investigate mass movement processes on thawing ice-rich slopes. Four pairs of simple planar slope models were constructed, one in each pair being of sufficient gradient to promote slope failure during soil thaw and the second having a gradient below the threshold for instability. Four frost susceptible soils were used, three were normally consolidated and had different clay contents (2%, 12% and 20%) and the fourth comprised the 20% clay soil, but was over consolidated prior to model testing. Modelling protocols included freezing from the surface downwards under an open hydraulic system, and thawing from the surface downwards under an enhanced gravitational field within the geotechnical centrifuge, thereby utilising scaling laws to simulate correct prototype self weight stresses during thaw. Slopes below the stability threshold gradient were subjected to between 2 and 4 cycles of freezing and thawing, simulating annual cycles. Those above the stability threshold were subjected to only one cycle, since they failed during the first thaw phase. Thermal conditions, pore water pressures, surface movements, and profiles of displacement are reported. Measured pore pressures are used in slope stability analyses based on a simple planar infinite slope model. Profiles of solifluction shear strain and mechanisms of slope failure are both shown to be sensitive to small changes in soil properties, particularly clay content and stress history. In all cases, pore pressures rose rapidly immediately following thaw, remained below the threshold for failure in low gradient models, but exceeding the threshold to trigger landslides on steeper slopes. Upward seepage of melt water away from the thaw front contributed to loss of shear strength. Mechanisms of slope failure differed between test soils, ranging from mudflow in non-cohesive silt to active layer detachment sliding in over consolidated silt–clay. During solifluction, shear strain was greatest at the surface in non-cohesive silt and decreased rapidly with depth, but in test soils containing clay, the zone of maximum shear strain was located lower in the displacement profiles. 相似文献
15.
用强度折减法和FLAC^3D计算边坡的安全系数 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对采用强度折减法和FLAC^3D计算边坡的安全系数问题进行了研究。对边坡破坏的判断标准、边坡滑面位置的确定及计算参数对安全系数计算结果的影响进行了分析。结果表明，用FLAC计算时，边坡的破坏可以通过节点最大不平衡力突变、节点最大速度突变、特定点位移的不收敛等特征进行判断，同时边坡破坏的滑面也可以由速度等值线图等方法表示出来。另外，通过分析发现，弹性常数、剪胀角等参数对安全系数计算结果的影响不大。 相似文献
16.
深汕特别合作区是莲花山断裂带的主要展布区,2条大型韧性剪切带从深汕区南北两侧穿过。2015年以来,区内韧性剪切带内（简称“带内”）产生了大量的浅表滑塌,发生密度远高于周边山体。因为深汕特别合作区地质灾害风险区划的需要,有必要查明带内浅层滑塌的特征与分布规律,分析其成因机制,预测其发展变化趋势。文章通过地面调查与遥感解译,查明了带内浅层滑塌的单体规模为小型,滑塌主要沿基岩面产生,滑塌体主要是土体与全风化岩体;利用信息量模型分析浅层滑塌规律,得出滑塌密度与韧性变形程度（强烈→中等→弱）、距脆性断裂的距离（近→远）、地形坡度（高→低）呈正相关,其分布密度与地貌单元、坡向、原岩类型、斜坡类型也有较强的关联。结合区域地质、勘探、气象等资料,分析得出带内浅层滑塌是在以剪切为主的多期构造作用影响形成的较弱本底条件下,在山区地块现今缓慢上升的背景下,在台风迭加暴雨的诱发下产生的,其发展变化具有迁移性、自愈性、扩展性的特点;带内斜坡在经历了2015年“彩虹”台风期间普遍性滑塌事件后,产生浅层破坏的敏感性下降,需要较长时间孕育才能进入下一次爆发期。 相似文献
17.
Effect of the development of notches and tension cracks on instability of limestone coastal cliffs in the Ryukyus, Japan 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Tetsuya Kogure Hisashi Aoki Akira Maekado Takashi Hirose Yukinori Matsukura 《Geomorphology》2006,80(3-4):236-244
Notches cut by waves are currently developing at the base of vertical coastal limestone cliffs in Okinawa, Japan. The cliff height varies from 3.0–22.1 m, and the maximum notch depth is 8.8 m. Many rectangular or cubic blocks, which appear to have originated from cliff failures, are found on platforms in front of the cliffs. On the flat top surface of the cliff, tension cracks often run parallel to the cliff face. The vertical face of the cliffs displays small undulations but no sliding striation, suggesting that cliff failures have been caused by toppling rather than by shearing or sliding. We use slope stability analysis to determine the critical condition for toppling failure. Physical and mechanical properties of the cliff material were first obtained from laboratory tests. The results indicate that the strength of limestone shows a scale effect, such that the strength decreases with increasing size of the test specimens. Based on this result, we estimated the strength of a rock mass corresponding to the size of the coastal cliff. Cliff stability was then analyzed using a cantilever beam model. Comparison of the stability analysis and the dimension of fallen blocks indicates that toppling failure is strongly associated with the development of notches and tension cracks. 相似文献
18.
《自然地理学》2013,34(6):561-573
The semi-arid forest-steppe ecotone in China is characterized by a patchy pattern of forest and steppe, with forest patches restricted to shady slopes. To address the effect of topography on forest distribution through regulation of available water, we calculated evaporation as a function of slope aspect and inclination. Field vegetation records from randomly selected sites with minimum slope inclination were used to test the simulated forest distribution. Seasonal and diurnal changes of surface soil temperature and moisture of shady and sunny slopes were recorded. Soil water content was measured during two growing seasons on both sunny and shady slopes with the same forest type at three sites located along the mean annual precipitation (MAP) gradient. Evaporation decreases with slope inclination on shady slopes, but increases with inclination on sunny slopes. The shady slope received 35% of the annual direct solar radiation received by the sunny slope when the slope inclination was 25°, and the contrast in annual direct solar radiation between the shady and sunny slopes further widens as slope inclination increases. Steeper shady slopes can support forests in dryer climates, with log-linear regression revealing a minimum slope inclination for forest distribution along the MAP gradient. The simulated minimum slope inclination for forest growth was larger than the observed minimum inclination, and the difference was greater in wetter conditions. A larger forest area fraction was considered to lead to a reduction in soil temperature and evaporation, as verified by soil temperature and moisture records and soil water content measurements. The slope-specific forest distribution in the semi-arid region of China can be explained by a topography-controlled soil water supply. Lower evaporation, resulting from lower direct solar radiation on shady slopes, allows shady slopes to retain a water supply sufficient for sustaining forests, and the existence of forests on shady slopes further reduces evaporation. Different tree species coexist at the xeric timberline due to regulation by slope inclination and aspect. 相似文献
19.
ABSTRACT. Eight relict rock-slope failures (RSFs) on Skiddaw Group terrain in the Lake District, northwest England, are described. Five of the failures are rockslides, one is a product of slope deformation, and two are compound features with evidence for sliding and deformation in different sectors. As none appears to have been overrun and modified by glacier ice it is concluded that they all post-date the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM ; c. 21 ± 3 cal. ka bp ). Slope stress readjustments resulting from glacial and deglacial influences are considered to have weakened the slopes, and application of the term paraglacial is appropriate. Permafrost aggradation and degradation, seismic activity and fluvial erosion are among processes that may have contributed to failure at certain sites. The failures are significant as potential debris sources during future ice advances, contributing to valley widening and cirque enlargement and, possibly, for acting as sites of cirque initiation. Previously, Skiddaw Group rocks have been regarded as homogeneous and of limited resistance to the weathering and erosion associated with Quaternary glacial, periglacial and fluvial processes. These characteristics and processes have been used to explain the steep smooth slopes and rounded hills that dominate Skiddaw Group terrain. Rock-slope failure has also helped shape this terrain and should be incorporated in future interpretations of landscape development. 相似文献