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1.
本文首次报道了桂西平果地区上二叠统合山组含铝土矿层上部黏土岩呈现锂矿化现象.Li2O品位可达0.20％～0.53％,局部达到碳酸盐黏土型锂矿矿床工业指标,具有良好的勘查开发潜力.XRD分析结果表明锂绿泥石和蒙脱石是合山组Li超富集黏土岩中最重要的锂赋存矿物.本文推测Li主要以锂的独立矿物——锂绿泥石形式存在,部分Li可能以离子吸附形式赋存于蒙脱石中.地球化学分析结果表明合山组黏土岩主要来源于下伏基底碳酸盐岩以及晚二叠世中酸性火山岩.本次工作为探讨桂西平果地区上二叠统合山组黏土岩Li赋存状态和物质来源提供了初步约束,对下一步查明富锂黏土岩的时空分布和明确锂矿找矿方向具有十分重要的意义. 相似文献
2.
《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2016,(3)
以一根阳离子交换树脂填充的石英交换柱,使用1 mol/L HNO_3/80%(V/V)CH_3OH作为淋洗液可实现对不同性质标样中Li元素的化学分离与富集;讨论了Li淋洗曲线与样品岩性和Mg︰Li值的关系,建立了可靠的岩石样品的Li化学分离流程。研究发现,化学分离得到的Li接收液中残余离子不同对Li同位素准确测定的影响不同,但将残余离子浓度控制在一定范围内时(~10),可以忽略残余离子的影响。使用5%NaCl溶液消除Li的记忆效应后,样品和标样中Li浓度和HNO_3浓度不匹配对Li同位素准确测定的影响大大降低。因此,该方法无须严格基体匹配即可进行Li同位素比值的准确测定。 相似文献
3.
我国铝土矿资源丰富,铝土矿在成矿过程中通常会富集锂(Li)等对现代工业至关重要的关键金属元素,成矿潜力巨大.铝土矿(岩)中的Li主要富集在矿体顶底板的铝土岩或黏土岩以及低品质铝土矿矿石中,而这些正是铝土矿开采过程中产生的无用的尾矿,对其中伴生的Li加以利用,不仅能进一步提高铝土矿矿山的价值,还能改善矿山环境污染及缓解我国Li资源短缺的状况.目前针对铝土矿(岩)中伴生Li的赋存状态的研究还比较薄弱,争议较大.已有的研究指出Li在铝土矿(岩)中可能以离子吸附的形式赋存在黏土矿物和铁锰氧化物表面或以类质同象的形式替代镁铁硅酸岩矿物、黏土矿物及铁锰矿物晶格中的Mg2+和Fe2+.而铝土矿(岩)中是否存在独立矿物,如类似粘土岩中的锂绿泥石,还缺少实际证据.铝土矿(岩)中Li的富集规律与铝土矿的成矿过程关系密切,物源、沉积古地理、气候、沉积环境和矿物的分化及新矿物的形成都可能是控制Li活化、迁移和富集的主要因素,但目前相关研究还十分薄弱.铝土矿(岩)伴生的Li有可能成为我国锂矿资源开发利用的另一个重要发展方向,开展相关研究,不仅可以为铝土矿中伴生Li的综合利用和评价提供依据,而且也将拓宽我国Li矿资源开发利用思路. 相似文献
4.
环境污染物在蒙脱石层间域中的环境化学行为 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
天然蒙脱石层间阳离子通常是Ｃａ2 +,Ｎａ+,可以通过离子交换法制备各种阳离子交换蒙脱石。这些不同阳离子对蒙脱石层间域的环境化学行为有着不同的影响。金属阳离子与粘土矿物间的相互作用除了离子交换外 ,粘土的专性吸附作用有时也是非常重要的。目前 ,粘土矿物对重金属离子的专性吸附可概括为 4种机理 :(1)重金属离子与粘土矿物表面或断键基团质子的交换吸附 ;(2 )重金属离子进入粘土矿物硅氧四面体片的复三方空位或八面体片晶格缺陷中 ;(3)以金属络合物形式的专性吸附 ;(4)以金属氧化物或其它不溶性盐类沉淀形式。天然粘土矿物存在着大… 相似文献
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6.
锂同位素及其地质应用研究进展 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
锂同位素示踪是近几年发展起来的一门新兴的稳定同位素地球化学方法,锂有两个稳定同位素：^6Li和^7Li。自在界锂同位素的组成变化很大,其δ^6Li值变化幅度超过60‰,现代大洋水的δ^6Li值为－31．0‰,洋中脊玄武岩（BORB）的δ^6Li值为－4．7‰--3.7‰,由于锂同位素存在大的分馏和不同地质体中在截然不同的δ^6Li值,因此锂同位素地质应用前景十分广泛。目前,锂同位素在研究星云形成过程和宇宙事件,洋壳蚀变和海底热液活动,壳－幔物质循环和板块俯冲作用过程,判断卤水起源和演化等方面的研究中成效显著。 相似文献
7.
蒙脱石具良好的阳离子可交换吸附特性。在提纯蒙脱石的基础上,用氯化铵(NH_4Cl)和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)分别交换蒙脱石层间阳离子制备了改性蒙脱石,并用提纯蒙脱石、改性后的蒙脱石吸附碱式硫酸铬溶液中的铬离子,获得含铬蒙脱石样品。针对上述的含铬蒙脱石进行包括粉末X射线衍射术(XRD)、电子顺磁共振谱术(EPR)和傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱术(FTIR)以及电感耦合与等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)等测试和分析。吸附残余液的化学分析结果和含铬蒙脱石样品的XRD结果显示CTAB对蒙脱石的层间的封闭是较完全的,层间几乎未发生交换吸附;而NH_4~+—蒙脱石和蒙脱石层间则发生交换吸附。吸附前后样品的红外吸收谱发生了较大变化,表明三个含铬样品的红外吸收谱上出现的硅醇和铝醇向低波数延展的现象是由铬离子吸附在蒙脱石结构片的六方孔中所致。EPR的结果指示甚至在蒙脱石的少量四面体和/(或)八面体位中也有Cr~(3+)占位。 相似文献
8.
长江流域河水和悬浮物的锂同位素地球化学研究 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
深入理解流域侵蚀过程中的锂同位素分馏对于运用锂同位素来示踪化学循环和气候变化是十分必要的。研究集中在长江干流和主要支流的水体和悬浮物的锂及锂同位素组成。长江流域水体的锂及锂同位素组成（δ7Li）分别为150~4 570 nmol/L和+7.6‰~+28.1‰,两者沿上游至下游的变化趋势相反。悬浮物锂同位素组成（δ7Li）变化比较稳定,分别为41~92 μg/g和-4.7‰~+0.7‰,而且总是低于相应水体的锂同位素组成。悬浮物和流体之间的锂同位素分馏系数在0.977和0.992之间,与悬浮物的量及组成存在明显相关性,反映了粘土矿物的吸附和化学风化的程度。锂含量与锂同位素组成之间良好的负相关性表明流域水体的锂来自2个端元混合：其一可能是蒸发盐岩,并伴有深部热泉水;其二可能是硅酸岩。 相似文献
9.
宁武煤田平朔矿区9号煤中锂的富集机理 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从宁武煤田平朔矿区的9号煤中共采了58个煤样,通过光学显微镜、逐级化学提取、SEM-EDX分析、X射线粉末衍射和ICP-MS技术对这些样品进行分析。结果表明9号煤中Li的平均含量达到152 mg/kg,9号煤的点储量为36.7亿吨,Li O2的量达119.5万吨,也就是说煤层中锂的储量约为55.8万吨;逐级化学提取过程的结果表明,Li的富集主要与无机物有关,只有约5.5%的锂具有有机亲和力,这些无机矿物是高岭石、勃姆石、绿泥石族矿物、石英、方解石、黄铁矿以及无定形粘土状矿物等,在含锂煤层中,锂可能被粘土矿物吸附;根据古地理研究,9号煤中锂的最初来源可能是阴山古陆,盆地北部本溪组中的铝土矿可能是锂的直接来源。 相似文献
10.
《地学前缘》2017,(5):167-171
锂同位素作为一种示踪工具在地球化学研究中发挥着重要作用。本文首次尝试将锂同位素研究应用于四川甲基卡伟晶岩型锂多金属矿区新三号(X03)矿脉的找矿实践。新三号矿脉ZK1101的系统锂同位素分析结果显示,含矿(锂辉石)伟晶岩中的w(Li)为0.94%~1.80%,δ7 Li值为-1.5‰~-1.0‰,平均值为-1.3‰,相对稳定,变化幅度小;不含矿伟晶岩的w(Li)平均值为0.04%,δ7 Li平均值为+2.0‰,与含矿伟晶岩可区分开;围岩的w(Li)为0.02%~0.12%,δ7 Li值为-13.4‰~-0.4‰,平均值为-7.7‰,变化范围较大。锂同位素在含矿伟晶岩、不含矿伟晶岩和围岩中存在的明显差异,可作为今后找矿的"示踪剂"。锂同位素组成与锂含量之间不存在直接的线性关系,其三者之间的差异可能在于分馏机制的差异:伟晶岩中锂同位素的分馏机制属于"热力学平衡分馏";而围岩中锂同位素的分馏机制属于"动力学非平衡分馏"。新三号矿脉中伟晶岩锂同位素的组成暗示其与矿区二云母花岗岩之间具有成因联系,同时围岩中锂同位素的变化趋势也暗示其深部可能存在隐伏矿体,具有找矿潜力。 相似文献
11.
D. Gournis A. Lappas M. A. Karakassides D. Többens A. Moukarika 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2008,35(1):49-58
Neutron powder diffraction measurements on lithium and cesium saturated montmorillonite samples before and after heat treatment
at 300°C are studied, in order to undertake a complete refinement of crystal structure and unravel the migration mechanism
for the interlayer cations of Li or Cs. Rietveld analysis of the corresponding diffraction patterns finds that montmorillonite
crystallizes in the C2/m space group with unit cell dimensions consistent with the size of the specific interlayer cation. We show that thermal treatment
affects the two types of samples in a different way. This is with respect to their unit cell dimensions and the migration
of Li from the 2b to the 2c clay lattice site, in constrast to the Cs positioning which remains effectively unchanged. 相似文献
12.
In order to determine whether Li+ cations penetrate into the octahedral layers of montmorillonites upon mild heating (Hofmann-Klemen effect) 57Fe Mössbauer spectra of Na+ and Li+ exchanged montmorillonite were obtained before and after treatment at 220 ° C. The 57Fe nucleus was used as a remote probe to detect electronic perturbations which would occur if a Li cation was to move into the octahedral layer from the interlayer after heating. The ambient Mössbauer spectra showed that a high charge density interlayer cation such as Li+ is effective in reducing the phonon energy of VIFe2+. In addition the EFG at octahedral sites can be significantly modified by interlayer cations as evidenced by the larger quadrupole splitting value measured for the Li+-exchanged sample with respect to the Na+-sample. Interlayer collapse and migration of exchange cations into the montmorillonite lattice after heating to 220 ° C resulted in the oxidation of the VIFe2+ and a decrease in site distortion for IVFe3+. Similar spectral parameters for the Fe3+ resonances of both Na+ — and Li+-heated samples suggested the interlayer cations do not penetrate as far as the octahedral layers. In order to utilize the enhanced sensitivity of VIFe2+ Δ values to changes in EFG the Fe3+ in the heated montmorillonites was reduced to Fe2+ with hydrazine. Similar spectral parameters for both the Na+ — and Li+-exchanged montmorillonite were observed giving further evidence that Li cations do not migrate into vacant octahedral sites. 相似文献
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14.
在蒙脱石有机改性体系中,交换液酸碱度对蒙脱石荷电性以及十八烷基三甲基氯化铵(OTAC)的电离度影响很大,进而影响OTAC在蒙脱石中的吸附以及制备复合物的凝胶粘度。研究发现,在pH=3的强酸性交换体系中,蒙脱石端面可变电荷为正电荷,OTAC阳离子和蒙脱石之间静电斥力的存在不利于OTAC在蒙脱石上的吸附,吸附量和吸附率分别是0.943CEC和85.7%,制备复合物的凝胶粘度最低,分别是μ0min为45.67Pa·s,μ30min为16.52Pa·s;在pH=10的弱碱性交换体系中,由于蒙脱石层面和端面均带有负电荷,静电引力更有利于OTAC阳离子在蒙脱石层间交换及表面吸附,其吸附量和吸附率最高,分别为1.097CEC和99.71%,制备复合物的凝胶粘度也较高,分别是μ0min为95.93Pa·s,μ30min为37.67Pa·s;在强碱性交换体系中,当pH=11和13时,蒙脱石对OTAC的吸附量和吸附率降低明显,吸附量分别为1.08CEC和1.058CEC,吸附率分别降到98.20%和96.18%,对应复合物的μ0min分别为96.52Pa·s和93.52Pa·s,μ30min分别为36.57Pa·s和36.53Pa·s,究其原因由于交换液中OTAC阳离子和高浓度的钠离子在蒙脱石层间和表面存在竞争吸附导致蒙脱石层间钠离子的交换难度加大。 相似文献
15.
对聚苯胺 /蒙脱石纳米复合材料的制备方法与制备产物进行了研究。将新疆某地蒙脱石在钠化改型后进行了季铵盐改性处理。以苯胺作为客体物质 ,利用季铵盐 /蒙脱石插层复合物与有机物良好的相容性 ,将季铵盐 /蒙脱石插层复合物分散在苯胺单体中后 ,苯胺单体进入了蒙脱石层间域 ,通过原位聚合法制备了聚苯胺 /蒙脱石纳米复合材料。XRD、SEM、TG_DTA分析结果表明 ,苯胺单体的进入使蒙脱石的层间距大大增加 ,经聚合后聚苯胺 /蒙脱石复合物中蒙脱石及其插层复合物的X射线衍射特征、形态特征和热学性质特征完全消失 ,表明蒙脱石晶层已被剥离分散在聚苯胺中形成聚苯胺 /蒙脱石纳米复合材料。 相似文献
16.
Jacob Kushnir 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1980,44(10):1471-1482
The coprecipitation of Sr2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+ and Cl? into gypsum was studied as a function of temperature, brine concentration and growth rate. The concentrations of the studied cations in the gypsum increase with growth rate (kinetic effect), with a tendency to reach a limiting value at high growth rates. The partition coefficients of Sr tend to increase with brine concentration and decrease with temperature. The partition coefficients of the other cations also decrease with temperature but depend only very slightly on brine concentration. The concentrations of coprecipitated chloride are negligibly small.The coprecipitation behavior is explained in terms of the relation between the rate of desorption of the coprecipitating ions from the surface of the growing crystal, and the rate of growth. The studied cations may substitute for Ca2+ in its normal lattice sites and/or reside in interstitial positions among the structural water molecules. The relative amount of foreign cations occupying interstitial positions increases with increasing growth rate.The elucidation of the behavior of coprecipitated ions in gypsum given here forms a basis for the utilization of these ions as geochemical indicators for the environment of deposition of gypsum. These indicators may help in reconstructing important parameters such as temperature, brine concentration and growth rate. 相似文献
17.
采用提纯后的蒙脱石在不同浓度硫酸铬溶液中进行交换吸附制备了含铬蒙脱石,并利用包括粉末X射线衍射术
（XRD）、电子自旋共振谱术（ESR） 和傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱术（FTIR） 等分析测试手段对铬在蒙脱石中的吸附位置进
行了探索研究。研究结果显示铬离子不仅置换了层间域中的Ca2+,K+和Na+等,而且置换了位于八面体位的Mn2+ 和少量
Al3+,并较大量的进入硅氧四面体的六边形孔洞、甚至有可能置换极少量的四面体位的Al3+和Fe3+等。此外,根据X射线衍
射分析可知,在0.2 mol/L硫酸铬溶液中充分交换吸附后的蒙脱石存在两层水型和单层水型两种含铬蒙脱石,其水合阳离子
分别为[Cr(H2O)6]3+和[Cr(H2O)3O3]3+,当吸附量增大至一定程度后水合铬离子借助TOT结构片的硅氧四面体的底氧形成配位多
面体。 相似文献
18.
《矿物学报》2013,(Z1)
Organoclays synthesized with small organic cations can effectively adsorb hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs), and the hydrophobic siloxane surfaces of clay minerals have been considered as the main adsorption sites for HOCs. Therefore, reducing charge density of clay minerals which can effectively increase the exposed siloxane surface areas has been generally used to enhance the adsorption capacity of organoclays towards HOCs. In this work, we will present a new method to increase the exposed siloxane surface areas of the synthesized organoclays and enhance their adsorption capacity. Firstly, the original inorganic cations on montmorillonite were exchanged with Li+, and then part of the Li+ (i.e., 20% to 60% of the montmorillonite’s CEC) were further exchanged with tetramethylammonium cation (TMA). After that ,the samples were heated at 200 ℃ for 12 h to make sure most of the Li+ were transferred to montmorillonite layers. With this method the layer charge of montmorillonite can be effectively reduced while the layered structure of montmorillonite will be preserved by pre-exchanged TMA. Finally, the remaining Li+ cations were further exchanged with TMA. The structural and adsorptive characteristics of the resulting organoclays were compared with those synthesized using traditional method (i.e., first reducing the charge density and then exchanging TMA). 相似文献
19.
The crystal structures of synthetic 7 angstrom and 10 angstrom manganates, synthetic birnessite and buserite, substituted by mono- and divalent cations were investigated by X-ray and electron diffractions. The monoclinic unit cell parameters of the subcell of lithium 7 angstrom manganate, which is one of the best ordered manganates, were obtained by computing the X-ray powder diffraction data: a = 5.152 angstroms, b = 2.845 angstroms, c = 7.196 angstroms, beta = 103.08 degrees. On the basis of the indices obtained by computing the X-ray diffraction data of Li 7 angstrom manganate, monovalent Na, K and Cs and divalent Be, Sr and Ba 7 angstrom manganates were interpreted as the same monoclinic structure with beta = 100-103 degrees as that of Li 7 angstrom manganate, from their X-ray diffraction data. In addition, divalent Mg, Ca and Ni 10 angstrom manganates were also interpreted as the same monoclinic crystal system with beta=90-94 degrees. The unit cell parameters, especially a, c and beta change possibly with the type of substituent cation probably because of the different ionic radius, hydration energy and molar ratio of substituent cation to manganese. However, these diffraction data, except for those of Sr and Ba 7 angstrom and Ca and Ni 10 angstrom manganates, reveal only some parts of the host manganese structure with the edge-shared [MnO6] octahedral layer. On the other hand, one of the superlattice reflections observed in the electron diffractions was found in the X-ray diffraction lines for heavier divalent cations Sr and Ba 7 angstrom and Ca and Ni 10 angtrom manganates. The reflection presumably results from the substituent cation position in the interlayer which is associated with the vacancies in the edge-shared [MnO6] layer and indicates that the essential vacancies are linearly arranged parallel to the b-axis. Furthermore, the characteristic superlattice reflection patterns for several cations, Li, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba and Ni, manganates were interpreted that the substituent cations are regularly distributed in the interlayer according to the exchange percentage of substituent cation to Na+. In contrast, the streaking in the a-direction observed strongly in the electron diffractions for heavier monovalent cations, K and Cs, manganates probably results from the disordering of their cations in the a-direction in the interlayer. 相似文献
20.
固体酸是７０年代末发展起来的一类新型的催化材料,对有机反应具有较强的催化活性,且副反应少,产物易分离,污染少［１］。粘土固体酸是以蒙脱石类粘土为基质材料,通过采用不同的物理或化学方法在不同的条件下调控层间域而制备的,其催化活性和选择性与其表面酸的类型、浓度及强度等有关［２］,为此我们采用离子交换法,以不同类型的阳离子为取代剂,在不同条件下取代交换进入蒙脱石层间,研究制备方法及条件对表面酸性的影响,并考察了催化性能。１ 实验部分１－１ 原料与试剂钠基膨润土（浙江临安产,主要成分为蒙脱石,用沉降法提… 相似文献