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1.
Bohloul Alijani 《山地科学学报》2008,5(3):218-231
In order to examine the effect of the Zagros Mountains on precipitation, first, the annual and Seasonal rainfall indices （rain days frequency, rain amount, daily rainfall intensity, and heavy rains） from 43 stations in 1995 - 2004 between the 30° N to 35° N parallels over the mountain range were analyzed. Second, the effect of the Zagros Mountains was studied through the computation of the spatial correlations between the precipitation parameters and the topographic indices （station site elevation, station mean elevation within a radius of 2.5 km, mean elevation of 9 blocks along each of the eight Cartesian directions, and the elevation differences of these 9 blocks from the station mean elevation）. The results showed that in the cold season the maximal rainfall occurs on the upper range of west slope, while in warm season it spreads over the study area. The correlations between precipitation and elevation indices were positive on the north of the stations and negative on the south of the stations, that is, the higher elevations of the stations to the north force the uplifting of the moist air masses and increase rainfall at the stations, while the lower elevations to their south lead the movement of the moist air masses to the stations. This is due to the fact that these stations or slopes are exposed to the moist air masses coming from the Mediterranean Sea and the Persian Gulf. The heavy rain days and the summer sporadic rain events do not show significant correlations with the topographic indices. The findings indicate that the Zagros Mountains intensify the cold period frontal rains especially over the west slope and block the moist air masses from entering the interior parts of the country. Moreover, these mountains play a secondary role in creating rain days. But they are very important in the production of precipitation in the area. Therefore, their absence will decrease the amount of rainfall to their west and, in return, expand the dry climates of their west and east. 相似文献
2.
浮游植物物候能够反映浮游植物的生长变化与湖泊生态系统的变化,水温、营养盐浓度等因素对物候有重要影响。太湖富营养化程度较高,水温的影响作用日趋显著,物候与水温关系的研究对理解、控制和改善太湖生态系统具有重要意义。本研究利用2003—2018年MODIS遥感数据计算浮游植物物候指标和湖泊水表温度（Temperature of Water Surface,LSWT）,通过分析太湖浮游植物物候时空变化特点探究了不同区域的物候特征,并结合LSWT揭示了浮游植物物候对LSWT变化的响应关系。结果表明：① 不同浮游植物物候指标具有不同空间分布特点,水华发生次数、峰值叶绿素a（Chla）浓度和水华总持续时间呈现由西部沿岸向湖心区递减的趋势;浮游植物生长开始时间和峰值Chla发生时间分布复杂但在沿岸区域相对较早;② 太湖可被划分为4种具有不同物候特征的区域,Ⅰ类区域主要位于贡湖湾、东部沿岸以及太湖中部开阔水域,该区Chla浓度范围为50~60 μg/L,且波动平缓,水华发生次数最少、开始最晚、持续时间最短;Ⅱ类区域主要分布于太湖西部沿岸,Chla浓度范围为50~90 μg/L且变化剧烈,该区水华发生次数最多、开始最早、持续时间最长;Ⅲ和Ⅳ类属于过渡区域,前者主要分布于梅梁湾、竺山湾及入湾口,后者主要位于南部沿岸以及太湖中部;③ 浮游植物物候对LSWT变化的响应受营养水平影响,当营养水平较高时,浮游植物的生长受LSWT的促进作用显著,LSWT年际变化的升高趋势对浮游植生长物候提前、生物量增加的影响明显,反之,则LSWT变化对浮游植物生长的影响减弱。 相似文献
3.
Alexey P. Kuklin Gazhit Ts. Tsybekmitova Evgenia P. Gorlacheva Balzhit B. Bazarova Alexey V. Afonin 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2016,34(3):507-516
Present-day conditions of the Lake Kenon ecosystem are determined by a combination of natural and anthropogenic factors.We have estimated the effects of a complex of factors on the condition of the abiotic environment and on specific biological components in the lake ecosystem.Change in biogenic load has caused an increase in the role of phytoplankton in the general balance of organic matter during the high-water period.Charophytes are the main dominants of bottom vegetation.Anthropogenic load has caused a decrease in both fish species and fish capacity.The lake application as a water reservoir-cooler has influenced the average annual water mineralization(from 420 mg/L to 530.0 mg/L with a maximum 654 mg/L in 1993) and fluctuations in its hydrochemical composition.The present composition of the lake is sulfate-hydrocarbonate-chloride calcium-sodic-magnesium in character.SO 4 – content is twice as much as the maximum permissible concentration in fishery waters.Water drainage from an ash disposal area to the lake has caused an increase in chemical-element concentrations including the heavy metals.Hg concentration in Perca fluviatilis muscles is 0.5 μg/g dry wt.Thus,understanding directions in the ecosystem of the water reservoir-cooler under changing hydrological conditions will let us forecast the consequences of new combined heat and power plant operation. 相似文献
4.
Food web structures are well known to vary widely among ecosystems. Moreover, many food web studies of lakes have generally attempted to characterize the overall food web structure and have largely ignored internal spatial and environmental variations. In this study, we hypothesize that there is a high degree of spatial heterogeneity within an ecosystem and such heterogeneity may lead to strong variations in environmental conditions and resource availability, in turn resulting in dif ferent trophic pathways. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes were employed for the whole food web to describe the structure of the food web in different sub-basins within Taihu Lake. This lake is a large eutrophic freshwater lake that has been intensively managed and highly influenced by human activities for more than 50 years. The results show significant isotopic dif ferences between basins with dif ferent environmental characteristics. Such differences likely result from isotopic baseline dif ferences combining with a shift in food web structure. Both are related to local spatial heterogeneity in nutrient loading in waters. Such variation should be explicitly considered in future food web studies and ecosystem-based management in this lake ecosystem. 相似文献
5.
The Taihu Lake,a large shallow lake in the floodplain of the Changjiang(Yangtze) River in the eastern China,is faced with challenging ecological problems resulting from eutrophication,which has affected the regional freshwater supply of a large population.Although efforts have been made to assess the nutrient evolution histories in the northern bays,little is known regarding nutrient histories in different parts across the entire lake basin.In this paper,we present nutrient histories for different parts of the lake based on chironomid transfer functions applied to four short cores obtained from the northern,western and eastern regions of the lake.The chironomid-inferred total phosphorus(CI-TP) concentrations were compared with the phosphorus concentrations obtained by using instrumental and sedimentary data.The results suggest that trophic evolution histories were asynchronous throughout the lake during the past decades in response to different ecological regimes controlled by the nutrient input,wind direction and shoreline topography.The restoration of aquatic plants may be an effective option for the management of lake rehabilitation to ′natural′ conditions.Given the multiple factors controlling the biotic communities in such a large and complex lake,combined analyses among the multi-proxies encountered in the sediments are necessary for comprehensive insight into paleolimnological studies.The spatial heterogeneity in the ecological trajectories within this complicated ecosystem suggests that different management practices should be undertaken for specific lake zones in the Taihu Lake. 相似文献
6.
刘天仇 《中国地理科学(英文版)》1995,5(4):344-354
ＳＴＵＤＩＥＳＯＮＷＡＴＥＲＳＴＡＧＥＦＬＵＣＴＵＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＹＡＭＺＨＯＬＡＫＥＩＮＸＩＺＡＮＧＬｉｕＴｉａｎｃｈｏｕ（刘天仇）（ＴｉｂｅｔａｎＢｕｒｅａｕｏｆＷａｔｅｒＲｅｓｏｕｒｃｅａｎｄＨｙｄｒｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＳｕｒｖｅｙ，Ｌｈａｓａ３５０... 相似文献
7.
（张本）（康星华）ＴＨＥＦＥＡＴＵＲＥＳＯＦＴＨＥＮＡＴＵＲＡＬＲＥＳＯＵＲＣＥＳＡＮＤＴＨＥＲＥＮＯＶＡＴＩＯＮＳＴＲＡＴＥＧＹＯＦＰＯＹＡＮＧＬＡＫＥ￥ＺｈａｎｇＢｅｎＫａｎｇＸｉｎｇｈｕａ（ＨａｉｎａｎＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｈａｉｋｏｕ５７００... 相似文献
8.
富营养化的太湖水体叶绿素a浓度模型反演 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
半经验模型反演叶绿素a浓度是目前遥感反演水体叶绿素a浓度的主要方法。但是,大量研究结果表明,太湖水体浑浊,富营养化严重,各种半经验模型的反演精度和模型适用性有较大差异。因此,研究一种既满足一定精度要求,又具有时间普适性的叶绿素a浓度反演算法,对提高模型适用性,促进遥感的反演应用具有重要意义。本研究通过2005年6-10月地面实测数据,建立太湖叶绿素a浓度一阶微分反演模型、波段比值反演模型和三波段反演模型,对比各模型反演效果,认为波段比值模型与三波段模型具有较好的反演效果。运用2006年11月和2007年11月实测数据对这三种模型加以检验,结果表明,三波段模型反演高富营养化的太湖水体,不仅精度高,平均误差仅为实测浓度差的8.3%,而且适用性较强,不同年份数据的检验结果证明平均误差均低于实测浓度差的20%。因此,三波段模型是这三种反演模型中效果最好的一类模型。 相似文献
9.
徐桂卿 《中国地理科学(英文版)》1991,1(2):179-187
The Taihu Lake region in southern Jiangsu is one of the regions with flourishing economy and the highest level of urbanization due to favourable natural conditions and socio-economic foundation. However, there emerge a seriers of urban ecological problems on continuous stretch of cities and towns, a vague division of urban functions, ground subsidence, serious pollution of atmosphere and waters arising from dense population, irrational distribution of industry, backwardeness of municipal engineering facilities, and inexperienced scientific management of water resources. In order to improve the urban eco-environment in this lake region, we should work out an overall regional eco梕nvironmental programme, perfect the urban economic set-up from the reqirements of urban material circulations and energy exchanges, and finally put into practice the urban functional regionalism, so that the Taihu Lake region in southern Jiangsu has not only a higher economic benefit, but also a beautiful and comfortable eco-env 相似文献
10.
作为典型的干旱区内陆湖泊,博斯腾湖的面积变化趋势与当地自然和人文环境的变迁密不可分。本文结合GIS与RS技术,利用Landsat影像和MODIS数据共2289景及JRC GSW水体掩膜产品,基于Google Earth Engine（GEE）平台采用指数法得出2000—2019年博斯腾湖面积年际和年内变化趋势,并采用2019年Sentinel-2影像进行结果对比分析,同时通过2000—2018年焉耆、库尔勒和巴音布鲁克气象站日值数据和人类活动分析其变化原因。得出如下结论：① 本结果中基于海量遥感数据提取面积的结果表明,GEE可以充分应用高时间分辨率遥感数据进行湖泊年际尤其是年内面积变化分析。相比于Landsat-5/7/8影像与MOD09GQ数据,由于Sentinel-2影像的时空分辨率优势,基于其所得的湖岸线可显示出较多细节。② 2000—2013年博斯腾湖面积共减少181.66 km2,变化速率为13.98 km/a;2013—2019年,湖泊共增加133.13 km2,变化速率为22.19 km2/a;③ 博斯腾湖面积一般在每年的3—6月呈上升趋势,且在当年6—9月保持峰值,面积在10—12月减小;④ 博斯腾湖面积年际变化与其流域内焉耆、库尔勒、巴音布鲁克气象站的降水、蒸发及积温因素变化的相关性未达到显著水平,而年内变化与上述气候要素相关性较高。 相似文献
11.
Industrial and agricultural effects on water environment and its optimization in heavily polluted area in Taihu Lake Basin, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The deteriorating water quality in the Taihu Lake Basin has attracted widespread attention for many years, and is correlated with a sharp increase in the quantity of pollutant discharge such as agricultural fertilizers and industrial wastewater. In this study, several factors were selected for evaluating and regionalizing the water environmental capacity by ArcGIS spatial analysis, including geomorphologic characteristics, water quality goals, water body accessibility, water-dilution channels, and current water quality. Then, the spatial optimization of agriculture and industry was adjusted through overlay analysis, based on the balance between industrial space and water environmental capacity. The results show that the water environmental capacity gradually decreases from the west to the east, in contrast, the pollution caused by industrial and agricultural clustering is distributes along Taihu Lake, Gehu Lake and urban districts. The analysis of the agricultural space focuses on optimizing key protected areas of the Taihu Lake Basin, and the shores of Gehu Lake, optimally adjusting the second protected areas of the Taihu Lake Basin, and generally adjusting the urban areas of Changzhou and Wuxi cities. The analysis of industrial space focuses on optimizing the downtowns of Changzhou and Wuxi cities, optimally adjusting key protected areas and second protected areas of the Taihu Lake Basin, and generally adjusting the south and southwest of Gehu Lake. Lastly, some schemes of industrial and agricultural layouts and policies for the direction of industrial and agricultural development were proposed, reflecting a correlation between industry and agriculture and the water environment. 相似文献
12.
As the highest and most extensive plateau on earth, the Tibetan Plateau has strong thermo-dynamic effect, which not only affects regional climate around the plateau but also temperature and precipitation patterns of itself. However, due to scattered meteorological stations, its spatial precipitation pattern and, especially, the mechanism behind are poorly understood. The availability of spatially consistent satellite-derived precipitation data makes it possible to get accurate precipitation pattern in the plateau, which could help quantitatively explore the effect and mechanism of mass elevation effect on precipitation pattern. This paper made full use of TMPA 3B43 V7 monthly precipitation data to track the trajectory of precipitation and identified four routes (east, southeast, south, west directions) along which moisture-laden air masses move into the plateau. We made the assumption that precipitation pattern is the result interplay of these four moisture-laden air masses transportation routes against the distances from moisture sources and the topographic barriers along the routes. To do so, we developed a multivariate linear regression model with the spatial distribution of annual mean precipitation as the dependent variable and the topographical barriers to these four moisture sources as independent variables. The result shows that our model could explain about 70% of spatial variation of mean annual precipitation pattern in the plateau; the regression analysis also shows that the southeast moisture source (the Bay of Bengal) contributes the most (32.56%) to the rainfall pattern of the plateau; the east and the south sources have nearly the same contribution, 23.59% and 23.48%, respectively; while the west source contributes the least, only 20.37%. The findings of this study can greatly improve our understanding of mass elevation effect on spatial precipitation pattern. 相似文献
13.
Spatial distribution of penetration depth in Taihu Lake (China) during spring and autumn 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In the context of remote sensing, sunlight penetration depth is the depth above which 90% of the diffusely reflected irradiance from a water body surface originates. Model algorithms to simulate water quality variables such as chlorophyll a, dissolved organic matter, suspended matter, and Secchi depth are sensitive to the variations of this variable. The penetration depth for Taihu Lake in China, a shallow and turbid lake, was calculated by using a multiple scattering model, and in situ optical measurements were carried out during May and October 2010. The results show that: 1) the penetration depth generally increased from west to east during spring and from southeast to northwest during autumn, reflecting the prevailing wind direction and; 2) there was strong dependence of the penetration depth on the concentration of suspended matter. 相似文献
14.
滇池是中国最大的高原淡水湖泊,是长江上游生态安全格局的重要组成部分。自2008年起政府在滇池湖滨带大规模退耕还草还林,以恢复滇池及其湖滨生态。湖滨带植被对滇池总磷浓度的影响是一个长期过程,需要通过遥感长时间连续监测的数据来评价。本文以滇池和滇池湖滨带为研究区,从空间分布、季节差异2个角度,结合入湖河流总磷负荷,研究2005—2018年滇池湖滨植被时空变化对滇池总磷浓度的影响。主要结论如下：① 滇池总磷浓度由湖缘向湖心逐渐降低,并且北部和南部偏高;2005—2018年,滇池总磷浓度呈现显著下降趋势;② 2011—2018年滇池总磷浓度显著减小与湖滨带植被的拦截作用密切相关;③ 2005—2018年滇池湖滨带草本和木本植物面积都显著增加,增加最剧烈的年份是2010—2011年;④ 相比于平水期和丰水期,枯水期NDVI与强影响区总磷浓度负相关关系最强,且木本植物NDVI与强影响区总磷浓度负相关性强于草本。本文利用长时间序列数据评价滇池总磷浓度与其湖滨植被的响应关系,可为滇池湖泊生态恢复提供科学依据。 相似文献
15.
SHANG Guang-ping SHANG Jin-cheng 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2005,15(4):348-354
1 IN T R O D U C T IO NC haohu Lake,located in the centralA nhuiProvince ofC hina, has m ultiple functions of flood control, w atersupply,irrigation,transportation,fishery and tourism .Itis fam ous for its beautifullandscape and historic sites.For thousan… 相似文献
16.
基于长时间序列MODIS数据的鄱阳湖湖面面积变化分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
湖泊是气候、水和生物地球化学循环的关键组分,遥感观测有助于获得湖泊面积变化及对环境的响应信息。本文基于长时间序列遥感观测提出了一种利用像元水淹没/陆地出露比例的湖面变化分析算法,并应用于鄱阳湖的湖面提取及变化分析。首先,用全年遥感数据合成获得当年最大湖面;然后,在此最大湖面范围内,识别出每景数据的水体和陆地状态;最后,统计一定时期内每个像元的水淹没比例,并据此分析湖泊的年际和季节变化特征。该算法的最大优势是克服了云的干扰,以及湖面快速变化造成的年际变化对比分析困难问题。算法应用于2000-2010年MODIS观测,分析结果表明,本算法检测出的湖面面积与鄱阳湖水文站水位观测资料非常一致;算法可以获得鄱阳湖湖面面积的显著季节变化信息;2000-2010年间,鄱阳湖湖面面积在丰水期未发现有规律的变化;在枯水期,2003年后湖面面积急剧减小。 相似文献
17.
Water quality, nutrient budget, and pollutant loads in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) farms around East Taihu Lake 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
To understand the factors causing frequent outbreaks of harmful algae blooms in the Taihu Lake, China, we studied water quality and nutrient budget in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) farm ponds in the eastern part of the lake from November 2007 to December 2009. We estimated the nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) loads. Materials input and output ponds, water exchange, and applied management practices of 838.5-hm2 crab ponds were surveyed using questionnaires. Water quality of 12 ponds, which were located no more than 2 km from East Taihu Lake, were monitored. The results show that water quality in the crab ponds was better than reference data. Feeds, including corn seed, commercial feed, trash fish, and gastropod, were the major sources of N and P input in the crab ponds, contributing 88.7% and 94.9%, respectively. In total, 60.5% of N and 37.3% of P were sequestered by macrophytes, and only 15.7% and 8.5% of them were discharged as effluent. The net loads of N and P in effluent were 16.43 kg/hm2/cycle and 2.16 kg/hm2/cycle, respectively, while the COD load was -17.88 kg/hm2/cycle. This indicated that crab farming caused minor negative impact on the trophic status of the lake area, which was attenuated by macrophytes. However, wastewater purification is still necessary in crab faming. 相似文献
18.
Remote sensing techniques is used to quantify the total suspended matter concentration (C
TSM). In this study, we used remotely sensed data to retrieve the C
TSM for the Taihu Lake, China, and developed an atmospheric correction algorithm especially for CBERS-02B CCD data. We simulated
the remote sensing reflectance (R
rs) of CCD bands using in-situ observations made in a cruise over the Taihu Lake in autumn 2004, from which a retrieval model
is established with simulated R
rs(830) and measured C
TSM. In addition, we applied the atmospheric correction algorithm and retrieval model to process the CCD data over the lake in
2008 and to retrieve the C
TSM. The RMS relative error between the C
TSM retrieved from MODIS and from the CCD images is about 42.9%, indicating that algorithms described in this paper can be used
for the application of CCD data in monitoring the C
TSM distribution in the Taihu Lake. 相似文献
19.
四川盆地强暴雨过程诊断及中尺度分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了探索四川盆地暴雨天气发生发展的机制,利用云图和美国环境预报中心的全球再分析资料,针对2010年8月18—19日出现的暴雨过程进行环流形势、物理量场及中尺度特征分析,结果表明：暴雨过程中不断有低压槽东移,西太平洋副高西伸至盆地东部,暖湿气流通过低层绕流等方式进入盆地;在低层辐合高层辐散和热力不稳定的条件下,随着干冷空气入侵,对流运动异常强烈,促使强降水发生,湿位涡等值线密集带对暴雨落区预报有较好的指示意义。中尺度对流系统各阶段特征明显,与中尺度气旋演变有很好的相关性。 相似文献
20.
Xuning Qiao Yangyang Gu Changxin Zou Lei Wang Juhua Luo Xianfeng Huang 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2018,28(1):86-99
Understanding the spatial interactions among multiple ecosystem services is crucial for ecosystem services management. Ecosystem services, including crop production, freshwater supply, aquatic production, net primary production, soil conservation, water conservation, flood regulation, forest recreation, were measured at 1-km grid scale covering the Taihu Lake Basin (TLB) of China. Our objective is to get a comprehensive understanding of the spatial distributions, trade-offs, synergies of multiple ecosystem services across the TLB. Our results found that: 1) majority of ecosystem services were clustered in space and had a similar spatial distribution pattern with the geographical resource endowment. Most of the landscape contributed a high supply of no services, one or two, and a low supply of three to seven services. 2) There were high correlation between forest recreation and freshwater supply and regulating services. Aquatic production had low correlation with other services. 3) The changes of provisioning services led to trade-offs between regulating services and cultural services in the TLB, while synergies mainly occurred among the provisioning service. 4) The spatial relationships of multiple services are consistent at 1-km spatial scale, counties and provinces. This research could help integrate multiple ecosystem services across scales and serve as a reference for decision making. 相似文献