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随着强震台网的密布及观测记录的增加,为研究各类局部场地地震反应预测模型的合理性提供了有效的参考依据,也使利用强震记录及场地条件研究地震动特征成为可能。选取场地地质参数资料和地震记录数据齐全的日本小田原（Ashigara Valley）盲测试验场地,通过对比不同地震动输入方式及场地反应分析模型,研究地震动特征,分析现有模型的优劣。基于1990年8月5日M5.1强震事件的地表基岩记录和地下基岩地震记录,采用地下台强震记录直接输入、地表基岩台强震记录减半为基底地震动输入、地表基岩台强震记录反演为基底地震动输入作为3种基岩地震动输入。基于局部场地条件分别建立一维等效线性模型、二维黏弹性模型及二维时域等效线性化模型等工程中常用的场地数值分析模型,进行局部场地地震反应分析,预测该盲测场地的地表地震动特征,并与对应的实测强震记录结果进行对比,分析不同基岩地震动输入方式对预测地震动特征及地表土层反应谱特征的影响,重点分析地震动输入、土体非线性、场地横向不均匀性及几何与非线性特征共同作用等因素对地表地震动特征的影响,以期为地表地震动的合理预测提供参考。 相似文献
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土的动剪切模量比和阻尼比是土层地震反应分析、工程场地地震安全性评价和地震小区划工作中的必备参数,但其不确定性显著,对地震动和抗震设计影响很大。本文以我国常规土类动剪切模量比和阻尼比与剪应变非线性关系试验为基础,研究考虑这两个动力参数变异性下其超越概率的计算方法。方法包括了试验数据的整理、超越概率的计算以及两个动力参数和超越概率关系模拟等几个步骤,最后给出了我国常规土类动剪切模量比和阻尼比超越概率的计算公式,为我国基于概率和可靠度思想的工程地震安全风险评估提供了一定基础。 相似文献
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The effect of the upper part of a layered profile on calculated seismic hazard parameters is analyzed. The behavior of the soil profile is studied as part of equivalent linear modeling with the example of six seismogeological models. Peak ground acceleration of the input signal varies from 0.1 to 0.6 g. It is shown that the character of the dependence of physicomechanical properties in the layer on the strain value leads to variations in the amplitudes of the response spectrum on the free surface and displacement of the maximum of the frequency spectrum. An increase in the thickness of the upper layer significantly influences the shape of the response spectra. Variations in the PGA values, damping coefficients, strain values with depth are calculated, as well as the velocity profiles for different soil layers with respect to the degradation curves. It is demonstrated that restricting the upper limit of the damping coefficient to 15% does not lead to noticeable changes in the shape of the response spectra on the free surface. The soil column begins to decrease the peak value of the input signal when its level exceeds 0.3 g. 相似文献
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Equivalent linear method considering frequency dependent characteristics of stiffness and damping 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Nozomu Yoshida Satoshi Kobayashi Iwao Suetomi Kinya Miura 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2002,22(3)
Equivalent linear dynamic response analysis of ground is based on complex moduli and Fourier series expansion; therefore, it is not an equivalent method but an approximate method. Two deficiencies in the conventional equivalent linear method represented by SHAKE are described first. The maximum shear strength is overestimated, resulting in overestimation of the peak acceleration under a strong ground motion, and the amplification is underestimated at high frequency. The latter sometimes results in underestimation of the peak acceleration under weak ground shaking, and gives an incident wave with unrealistic large accelerations or a divergence of analysis in deconvolution analysis under strong ground motion. Both deficiencies are shown to come from the same cause, i.e. computing the effective strain as a constant fraction of the maximum strain. Since this is a key concept of the equivalent linear analysis, one cannot overcome both deficiencies at the same time in the conventional method. An apparent frequency dependence in stiffness and damping is shown to appear in the dynamic response, although soil itself does not show frequency dependent characteristics. Following this observation, the effective strain is expressed in terms of frequency from the similarity concept of the strain–frequency relationship between time domain and frequency domain. This enables the reduction of both deficiencies at the same time, resulting in a marked improvement in the equivalent linear analysis. The accuracy of the proposed method is examined by the simulations of three vertical array records during large earthquakes. The proposed method always gives much better prediction than conventional equivalent linear methods for both convolution and deconvolution analyses, and it is confirmed to be applicable at more than 1% shear strain. 相似文献
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根据天津波地表加速度记录和相应实测场地钻孔资料,采用等效线性化方法模拟土体非线性,进行了深厚软土场地基岩地震动反演,研究了频率截断对深厚软土场地基岩地震动反演的影响,为天津波地表加速度记录提供了相应的基岩地震动输入。研究表明:不同截断频率情况下,反演得到的基岩地震动峰值和反应谱曲线形状均相差悬殊,但反演后再正演所得到的地面运动与原地表记录相比,加速度时程曲线形状和峰值大小、反应谱曲线形状和峰值大小均非常接近;可根据工程需要对地表加速度记录进行不同频率的截断,反演得到所需强度的基岩地震动。 相似文献
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为研究强震区跨断层桥梁桩基非线性动力相互作用特性,依托海文大桥实体工程,利用MIDAS/GTS有限元软件,建立了桩-土-断层相互作用模型,分析0.20~0.60g地震动强度下断层上下盘桩基加速度响应、桩顶水平位移、桩身弯矩以及桩身剪力响应情况。结果表明:覆盖层土体对桩身加速度放大作用明显,且随着输入地震动强度的增大,放大作用逐渐减弱;覆盖层对地震波的滤波作用显著,随着输入地震动强度的增大,滤波作用逐渐减弱;上盘桩基达到桩顶峰值加速度的时刻滞后于下盘;随着输入地震动强度的增大,上、下盘桩的桩顶产生的永久位移和水平位移峰值逐渐变大,上盘桩顶产生的永久位移和桩顶峰值位移均大于下盘,产生显著的"上盘效应";不同强度地震动作用下,断层上、下盘桩基弯矩均在上部土层界面处达到峰值,剪力均在基岩面处达到峰值,下盘桩基弯矩和剪力峰值大于上盘桩基,呈现出显著的"下盘效应"。在桥梁桩基抗震设计时,应着重考虑断层上、下盘桩基的差异和不同强度地震作用对桩基承载特性的影响。 相似文献
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以天津滨海某软弱场地为例,在不同强度不同相位的地震动时程输入下,用等效线性化技术考虑土的动力非线性特性,计算水平成层场地的地震反应,研究天津地区厚层淤泥质粉质黏土的动剪模量比和阻尼比与剪应变幅值的关系曲线的变异性对深软场地地表峰值加速度及其反应谱的影响。结果表明:(1)在阻尼比较均值加减一倍标准差对地表地震动参数变化影响不大;(2)在动剪模量比均值增加或减1倍标准差,对2%超越概率水平下地表峰值加速度影响显著,对应地表峰值加速度可能增加或减小20%~30%,其地表反应谱谱型也有变高变瘦或变矮变胖的趋势;(3)在动剪切模量均值减1倍标准差时,对10%超越概率水平下的地表峰值加速度的影响比较显著,减小幅度在15%左右,反应谱也存在变矮变胖的趋势;在动剪切模量均值加1倍标准差时,对10%超越概率水平下的地表地震动参数影响不明显;(4)在动剪切模量或阻尼比均值加减1倍标准差时,对63%的地表地震动参数影响均不明显。 相似文献
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The problem of soil–structure interaction analysis with the direct method is studied. The direct method consists of explicitly modeling the surrounding soil to bedrock and the structure resting on the soil. For the soil medium, usually the traditional equivalent linear method with a reduced shear modulus and an increased damping ratio for the soil is used. However, this method does not work in the vicinity of foundation where the soil behavior is highly nonlinear because of presence of large strains. This research proposes a modified equivalent linear method with a further reduction of the soil shear modulus in the near-field of foundation that results in validity of using the equivalent linear method throughout. For regular short, intermediate and tall structures resting on such soft soils, a series of dynamic time-history analysis is implemented using earthquake records scaled to a sample design spectrum and the nonlinear structural responses are compared for different assumptions of soil behavior including the elasto-plastic Mohr–Coulomb, the traditional equivalent linear, and the proposed modified equivalent linear method. This analysis validates the proposed method. 相似文献
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A stochastic approach for obtaining reliable estimates of the peak response of nonlinear systems to excitations specified via a design seismic spectrum is proposed. This is achieved in an efficient manner without resorting to numerical integration of the governing nonlinear equations of motion. First, a numerical scheme is utilized to derive a power spectrum which is compatible in a stochastic sense with a given design spectrum. This power spectrum is then treated as the excitation spectrum to determine effective damping and stiffness coefficients corresponding to an equivalent linear system (ELS) via a statistical linearization scheme. Further, the obtained coefficients are used in conjunction with the (linear) design spectrum to estimate the peak response of the original nonlinear systems. The cases of systems with piecewise linear stiffness nonlinearity, along with bilinear hysteretic systems are considered. The seismic severity is specified by the elastic design spectrum prescribed by the European aseismic code provisions (EC8). Monte Carlo simulations pertaining to an ensemble of nonstationary EC8 design spectrum compatible accelerograms are conducted to confirm that the average peak response of the nonlinear systems compare reasonably well with that of the ELS, within the known level of accuracy furnished by the statistical linearization method. In this manner, the proposed approach yields ELS which can replace the original nonlinear systems in carrying out computationally efficient analyses in the initial stages of the aseismic design of structures under severe seismic excitations specified in terms of a design spectrum. 相似文献
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During an earthquake, the amplitudes of seismic wave may amplify significantly as it propagates through the soil layers near the ground surface. Analysis of site amplification potential is strongly influenced by the uncertainty associated to the definition of soil thickness and its properties. In this paper, the non-recursive algorithm is used in linear and nonlinear Hybrid Frequency Time Domain (HFTD) approaches for stochastic analysis of site amplification. The non-recursive algorithm causes time reduction of analysis that is the essential base of stochastic analysis. The selected soil stochastic parameters are shear wave velocity, density, damping and thickness. The results of sensitivity analysis also show that the damping ratio is the most effective parameter in PGA at ground surface. The stochastic peak ground acceleration, response spectrum and amplification factor at the ground surface are determined by the two approaches for four sites with different average shear wave velocities. Comparison of the results shows that the nonlinear HFTD approach predicts closer response to real recorded data with respect to linear HFTD. 相似文献
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为了评价4种等效线性场地响应软件的适用性,选取深厚场地作为研究对象,将基岩地震波作为地震输入,根据土层剪切波波速和容重确定初始剪切模量并设置对应的模量衰减和阻尼比曲线,分别用SHAKE 2000、 DEEPSOIL、EERA和Strata 4种等效线性场地响应程序计算得到地表的加速度时程及相应的加速度反应谱和傅里叶幅值谱\,场地的最大剪应变和峰值加速度随深度的变化曲线。计算结果表明,由4种场地响应软件得到的地表加速度时程对应的加速度反应谱和傅里叶幅值谱一致,由于土层划分方式不同,Strata软件得到的峰值加速度和最大剪应变深度曲线不同。总结4种软件的不同,DEEPSOIL可以较全面考虑土的动力特性,Strata提供随机振动理论进行场地响应分析并可以考虑土层参数的变异性。 相似文献
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基于等效线性化的一维土层地震反应计算是目前国内外普遍采用的方法,国外的SHAKE91、DEEPSOIL和我国的LSSRLI-1即是根据这一方法编制的通用计算程序。本文采用这3个程序进行了不同地震波、不同输入地震动幅值下不同场地类型的土层地震反应计算,并对三者的结果进行了全面的比较分析。结果表明:①SHAKE91和DEEPSOIL程序的计算结果完全相同;②当土层最大剪应变均采用时域计算时,LSSRLI-1程序的计算结果与SHAKE91和DEEPSOIL程序基本相同,但有微小差别,其原因是:在基于等效剪应变通过离散形式的剪切模量和阻尼比随等效剪应变变化的关系曲线确定等效剪切模量和阻尼比时,DEEPSOIL和SHAKE91采用的插值方法与LSSRLI-1不同;③当LSSRLI-1程序采用频域经验关系计算土层最大剪应变时,特别是在强地震动输入下得到的土层地表加速度峰值和加速度反应谱与另外两个程序的计算结果有差别,且土层最大剪应变随着输入加速度的增大出现较大的差别。因此,本文建议:当采用LSSRLI-1程序计算土层地震响应时,应使用程序中的时域解方法代替以往默认的频域经验关系方法。 相似文献
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A shear building supported by a prescribed pile–soil system is subjected to bedrock earthquake input. A new design procedure is presented for generating a sequence of stiffness designs satisfying the constraints on interstorey drifts. The mean peak interstorey drifts of the shear building subjected to a set of spectrum-compatible ground motions at the bedrock are evaluated by a modal combination rule. Tuning of the fundamental natural period of a shear building with a fixed base with that of a shear beam ground results in a non-monotonic sequence of stiffness designs with respect to a ground stiffness parameter and previous approaches cannot be applied to such a problem. This difficulty in finding such a non-monotonic sequence is overcome by utilizing the ground stiffness parameter and the superstructure stiffness parameter alternately in multiple design phases and by developing a new multi-phase perturbation technique. Fundamental characteristics of this sequence of stiffness designs and the effect of ground stiffnesses on the design of the shear building are disclosed. It is further shown that the stiffness contour method is also useful for the design procedure such that a scattering effect in the estimates of ground stiffnesses is taken into account. The usefulness of the proposed procedure of sequential stiffness design and contour line method is demonstrated through several sequential design examples. 相似文献
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基于谐波入射下的波动理论频域精确解,导出线性时域精确解,并在Matlab环境中编制相应的计算程序;选取8个简化的中硬场地剖面,用LSSRLI-1、精确解和SHAKE2000三种方法计算各场地在不同输入条件下的地震反应。结果表明:程序计算所得地表反应谱和土体剪应变分布与SHAKE2000结果一致;LSSRLI-1方法得到的地表反应谱与前二者结果一致;LSSRLI-1方法在某些情况下得到的土体剪应变分布与另外二者结果存在较大偏差,该偏差对地表反应谱有着不可忽略甚至非常显著的影响。 相似文献
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剪切波速对场地地表地震动参数的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
本文以江淮地区典型场地资料为原型,将土层剪切波速实测值按照一定比例进行增减,构造多种场地土层地震反应分析模型,选择Taft、E1centro和Kobe三条强震记录作为地震输入,采用一维频域等效线性化波动方法进行了土层地震反应分析.研究结果表明,剪切波速的变异性与场地地表地震动的影响程度与输入基岩地震动的频谱特性、幅值、土层结构等因素有关.地表峰值加速度随着剪切波速的增大而逐渐增大,地表加速度反应谱的特征周期随着剪切波速的增大而逐渐减小. 相似文献
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本文给出了唐山地区强震动记录应用研究的两个实例,提出了建筑结构采用时程分析时选用强震动记录的原则和方法,通过对唐山地区强震动记录的分析处理,得到了其峰值加速度及加速度反应谱,确定了本地区进行弹性时程分析时选用的强震动记录;研究了局部场地条件对地震动影响的唐山响堂三维强震动观测台阵,以唐山响堂台阵2号测井(地下32m)的基岩强震动作为输入,通过2号测井的土层剖面,利用2个一维土层地震反应分析程序,分别计算得到地表的峰值加速度和加速度反应谱,并把计算结果与同次地震相应的地表强震动记录峰值加速度与加速度反应谱进行了对比分析。 相似文献
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土动力学参数对设计反应谱的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文选取3种单一均质土层剖面,在3条强度不同的地震动输入下,运用一维土层地震反应分析技术,研究土的动剪切模量比、阻尼比及其对设计反应谱的影响。为了使结果能够直观地反映抗震设防所需要的地震动参数的变化,本文分析了这两个参数在一定范围内变化时,对设计反应谱的特征周期Tg和平台高度αm ax的影响,得到了一些有价值的结论。 相似文献
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基于欧美规范确定了坐落在深厚覆盖层上KH抽水蓄能电站上、下库场地基本运行和最大设计地震动峰值加速度、反应谱和时程等动参数。首先依据场地区域地震烈度区划图、特征周期区划图和依据场地地质地震条件选取的5条种子实测地震动确定场地基岩输入加速度时程、峰值加速度和设计反应谱,进而基于各土层地质参数和一维弹性波传播模拟程序确定覆盖层表面的平均峰值加速度、平均反应谱和5条地震动时程,对所得到的平均反应谱和峰值加速度进行光滑处理后确定可用于各建筑物结构抗震设计的地震动参数,包括覆盖层表面水平向动力响应加速度时程、峰值加速度和设计反应谱。该方法可较好地保留输入地震动的真实动力特性,如持时、相位和频率等,为我国规范中建议的确定场地地震动参数的方法提供有益的补充。 相似文献