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《Marine Policy》2017
Norway is the world's largest producer of farmed salmon. Aquaculture is the country's second largest export industry and thus vital for employment in coastal areas of Norway. The industry is dependent on public acceptance and good standing in local communities in order to gain access to new sites and to be able to sell its product. Public opinion (and assumptions about public opinion) on aquaculture may influence the industry's framework conditions and policy. Being located in coastal and rural areas, the industry must rely on the media to spread information to the public about the industry. Therefore, the media are an important source of information about farmed salmon, and the way the media present aquaculture issues has an impact on public opinion as well as authorities. This article examines how the aquaculture industry is portrayed in Norwegian newspapers and discusses how media topics and media framing may influence public opinion. The analysis shows that the most frequent topics covered in Norwegian newspapers are connected to the environment, aquaculture industry, and politics, where the concerns about the environment are dominant within the risk frame. The negative images portrayed by the media have a strong agenda-setting force and may skew public opinion to a narrow focus on environmental risks, influencing both the debate's content and the regulators’ increased emphasis on environmental risks. This is strengthened further by the focus on sustainability, where the focus is solely on the dimension of environment, making other sustainability dimensions less prominent in the media coverage. 相似文献
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Platform-based open ocean aquaculture (or mariculture) is a fledgling industry with a unique set of risks and uncertainties. In the past two decades, several commercial and experimental platform-based mariculture projects have been launched in the United States, however, all these projects failed or were abandoned because of operational problems or legal issues. The oil and gas infrastructure in the Gulf of Mexico is well suited for mariculture systems as these platforms are large, sturdy and long lasting, and designed to operate in the offshore environment. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the costs and benefits of a open ocean aquaculture industry in the Gulf of Mexico with particular focus on platform-based aquaculture. The opportunities for the use of idle oil and gas structures for open ocean aquaculture are limited, but the reuse of previously removed structures may have more promise. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2015
South Australia is among the regions internationally, where there are currently strong drivers for anthropogenic and ecosystem marine planning decisions. Specifically, South Australia, in both State and adjacent Commonwealth Waters, is currently accommodating increasing interests such as oil exploration by multi-national companies in the Great Australian Bight, implementation of recently declared State Marine Parks, an increased public awareness of marine developments, commissioning of a desalinisation plant, government-focused marine science initiatives, long-standing commercial fisheries, a transparent legislative and political stage, and a relatively new aquaculture industry. Amongst this growing diversity in marine-based activities, a dedicated aquaculture legislative framework was created in South Australia with the commencement of the Aquaculture Act 2001 (the Act) to centralise the legislative processes required to underpin aquaculture regulation and administration. This centralisation has helped to create an effective platform to streamline administrative processes, reduce duplication between various government agencies such as planning authorities and environment protection agencies, and ultimately fostered investment in, and growth of, the South Australian aquaculture industry. As such Aquaculture zone policies are a key strategic management tool for sustainable aquaculture development in South Australia into the future. This paper provides a case study (Aquaculture (Zones – Lower Eyre Peninsula) Policy 2013) of the legislated regional marine planning framework for aquaculture development used in South Australia, with a focus on the key functions and processes that may have broader applications. 相似文献
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现代水产种业硅谷建设的几点思考 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
"国以农为本,农以种为先",种业位于农业产业链的最前端,是国家战略性、基础性产业,也是决定现代农业发展的核心要素。我国是世界上12个生物多样性特别丰富的国家之一,水产种质资源分布极为广泛。近年来,我国水产种业发展迅速,但水产增养殖业的良种覆盖率仍然较低。因此,加快发展水产种业尤显迫切。该文论述了国内外水产种业发展现状,分析了我国水产种业存在的问题和发展趋势,提出了建设水产种业硅谷的设想,并对建设目标、建设内容、建设原则及其保障措施提出了几点建议,以期为我国水产种业健康发展起到积极的促进作用。 相似文献
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大菱鲆养殖是我国海洋鱼类养殖的重要组成部分。为促进我国大菱鲆养殖产业的可持续发展,提高地区产业竞争力,文章采用资源禀赋系数和显示性比较优势指数2种评价方法,通过实地调查和资料查阅获取统计数据,对2016年我国大菱鲆养殖主要产区的产业竞争力进行实证分析,主要包括环渤海地区的多个城市和江苏省赣榆区。研究结果表明:沧州市、唐山市、青岛市、天津市和威海市等地的大菱鲆养殖具有较好的资源禀赋;以鲆鲽类养殖产量、海水养殖产量和水产品总产量为参照标准,葫芦岛市大菱鲆养殖具有很强或较强竞争力,烟台市、日照市、赣榆区和秦皇岛市具有较强或中度竞争力,竞争优势与产量不相关。结合各地区资源和产业竞争优势情况,提出提升大菱鲆育种产业化水平、转变大菱鲆养殖产业发展方式和优化大菱鲆养殖产业布局的建议。 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2017
There has been global interest in the exploitation of rich hydrocarbon resources in the Arctic for decades. However, recent low oil prices, a low carbon economy climate agenda, and technical challenges of Arctic oil extraction have curbed interest in these Arctic resources. Despite a recent reluctance to explore and develop an offshore Arctic drilling industry, a resurgence in oil and gas prices could spark renewed interests that could pose unacceptable risks of pollution from oil spills. These risks are further compounded by complex governance and sovereignty issues between circumpolar nations. This paper (i) compares cycles of Arctic hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation activity with global energy prices; (ii) outlines current pollution abatement techniques under pan-Arctic national regulations to identify potential gaps; (iii) describes current international frameworks for Arctic governance to highlight how problems could arise if offshore oil drilling returns to the Arctic and associated spills migrate to international waters; and (iv) provides policy recommendations to aid both national and international policy-makers regarding pollution abatement methods for future Arctic drilling. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2015
Work migration is increasing in Norway, particularly in the production sector of the aquaculture industry. This sector is growing rapidly and manual labor needed in the industry is consistently being sought through Eastern European networks and temp-agencies. This article looks at the island community of Frøya, in Sør Trøndelag in Norway, where around 20% of the population is of foreign descent, and where stakeholders in the production line experience a lack of upward mobility due to their lack of Norwegian language skills, and the insecure nature of their employment status. The capacity of the island community to adapt to a 3-fold increase in aquaculture production will depend on this segment of society as well being able to adjust, and on their inclusiveness in society. Based on a stakeholder driven workshop looking at the perceptions of a set of foreign workers in the aquaculture industry,segmented labor market theory was applied to the experience of the workers. The priority issues of the migrant population of Frøya involved in the aquaculture industry was also explained, and their wish for upward mobility and job security, as well as inclusiveness in society elaborated upon. This upward mobility, however, would lead to the bottom segment of the labor market on Frøya – the aquaculture production line – to have to be filled with another lower segment group of workers. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2001,25(5):335-352
This paper explores the tensions, issues and problems being experienced by one small fishing community off Canada's east coast, as it confronts the challenges of a rapidly growing aquaculture industry. It examines the significance for the community of changing property regimes, directly related to a government policy, proclaimed in October 2000, that is transforming ownership patterns in the industry, and creating new property regimes through the allocation of aquaculture sites. It argues that this policy reflects a fundamentally different ideology that is taking away community control over resources and threatening livelihoods dependent upon the wild fishery. 相似文献
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中国海水养殖规模和产量稳居世界首位,海水贝类在海水养殖中占有重要地位。我国贝类产业在技术研发、应用推广等方面取得了显著成绩。本文介绍了贝类产业链中种质创新、生态养殖、高值化加工等产业技术取得的成果,分析了面临的挑战、亟需解决的产业问题及发展趋势,以期为我国贝类产业技术的发展提供参考,推动产业转型升级和提质增效,实现贝类产业的健康可持续发展。 相似文献
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There are three milestones in the organization of the Norwegian salmon-farming industry (NSFI). In 1969 the net-pen production technology was established, and formed the basis for all further organization. In 1978, the Fish-Farmers Sales Organization (FSO) was established, and the organizational and institutional apparatus were thus complete. In 1991 the FSO went bankrupt and major amendments in the aquaculture legislation - such as the removal of the ownership regulation - were made. This three-step development is analyzed along two dimensions: the effect of dislocation of decision control from the local level to remote actors, and the changes in the government's aquaculture policy. During the last 20 years the NSFI has changed from a single farm locally-owned industry to a structure of large corporations, while the governments' policy has changed from support to neutral tasks such as control and surveillance. In sum the local residents use rights of coastal areas is severely reduced. 相似文献
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海上养殖业对粮食安全有着至关重要的作用。然而,海上养殖的无序扩张和开发,阻碍了海上交通,同时也造成了海洋环境问题。为及时、准确地获取海上养殖信息,满足海岸带调查以及推进海上养殖规范化、科学化,提出一种基于谷歌地球引擎(Google Earth Engine, GEE)平台实现长时间序列下海上养殖区信息快速提取的方法。本研究构建了一个基于随机森林分类的海上养殖区信息提取模型,该模型综合利用了Sentinel 1卫星SAR影像数据的VV和VH极化波段,以及Sentinel 2卫星的多光谱影像数据。此外,模型还融合了4个用于增强养殖区特征的指数,以提高养殖区域信息提取的准确性和效率。这种方法的应用旨在优化海上养殖区的识别过程,通过精确分析和利用不同数据源的互补优势,展现了〖JP2〗遥感技术在海洋养殖监测领域的巨大潜力。本研究对2017—2021年平潭县海上养殖区域进行判定与提取,实验结果表明,以养殖密度较低,养殖特征不明显为特征的海上养殖区,基于GEE平台的海上养殖区信息提取方法精度在90%以上,表明在复杂水体背景下对养殖区快速识别取得较好的效果,可为海上养殖科学规划与规范化管理提供有效的参考依据。 相似文献
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V. G. Bondur 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2011,47(9):1007-1018
The urgency and specific features of the application of the up-to-date aerospace methods and technologies in order to monitor
different oil and gas facilities; study subsurface geology of oil and gas areas; search for oil and gas deposits (particularly
in Arctic regions); control oil, gas, and product pipelines; and estimate the environmental conditions in the areas of hydrocarbon
production and transportation on land and on the sea are justified and analyzed. The problems in the oil and gas industry
which can be solved using aerospace data are systematized. The principles of organization of aerospace monitoring and the
physical bases of remote sensing methods for solving different problems in the oil and gas industry are considered. The application
of aerospace methods and technologies in order to monitor the environmental conditions in the oil and gas production areas,
monitor pipelines, detect pollution of the marine environment with oil products (particularly, after the accident on the oil
platform in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010), and control the ice conditions in the Arctic oil and gas areas is illustrated. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2014
The aquaculture industry can meet food security needs and reduce the pressure on marine resources. The expansion of aquaculture allows the fisheries industry to restructure from hunting to farming, and thus drives the need for an analysis of the economic impacts of aquaculture industry in consideration of the interdependence between capture fisheries and aquaculture industry. This study attempts to analyze the economic impacts of two fishery sectors using input–output (I–O) analysis, with specific application to Korea. To this end, this study applies the I–O models to the Korean I–O tables generated by the Bank of Korea, paying particular attention to the two fishery sectors in Korea, considering them as exogenous, and then determining their impacts. Specifically, the production-inducing effects, employment-inducing effects, supply shortage effects, sectoral price effects, forward linkage effects, and backward linkage effects of the two fishery sectors are presented over the period 1995–2010. For example, the production-inducing effect of a KRW 1.0 change in fisheries investment is larger in the petroleum and chemical sectors than in other sectors. Moreover, the aquaculture sector has larger employment-inducing effects than the capture fisheries. Finally, the potential uses of the results of this analysis are presented from the perspective of policy instruments, and policy implications are discussed. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2017
As shellfish aquaculture activities grow in the US, researchers, practitioners, resource users, and others have questioned how much development can be accommodated by natural and social systems. In a unique application of the normative evaluation approach to shellfish aquaculture development, this study uses data from a mail survey to (1) examine Rhode Islanders’ support for aquaculture in general and in RI waters; (2) investigate how different features of an aquaculture farm influence normative evaluations; and (3) explore areas of agreement and disagreement among stakeholder groups for social carrying capacities associated with aquaculture in RI coastal waters. Findings demonstrate that respondents do not strictly support or oppose aquaculture development; instead support depends on the waterbody where the aquaculture is occurring, the amount of area used for aquaculture, and ways in which aquaculture is conducted. Social norm curves show that levels of acceptabilities for shellfish aquaculture development in two RI waterbodies decline with increasing levels of aquaculture activities. Comparisons among sub-sets of respondents highlight disagreement among groups on the level beyond which shellfish aquaculture development is no longer acceptable (social carrying capacity). Results from normative evaluation studies can be used in combination with physical, ecological, and biological carrying capacities; management goals and objectives; other resource uses and values; and desired social and ecological conditions to inform policy discussions about shellfish aquaculture development in coastal waters. 相似文献
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Offshore engineers and scientists face fascinating economical and technical challenges in designing offshore platforms for shallow water oil and gas fields in moderate ice conditions. Petroleum production systems in these ice-infested areas such as the Bohai Bay of China, Cook Inlet, Barent Sea, and Caspian Sea must be designed to accommodate the harsh environmental conditions, among which the first-year sea ice is one of the major design consideration. Extreme ice loads and ice-induced vibrations still remain an area of uncertainty in offshore platforms. This paper demonstrates the main technical aspects on the use of jackets in the Bohai Bay, with particular focus on ice loads and the failure modes of slender ice-resistant structures, which are the two key issues in design considerations. A design proposal and some considerations for economical ice-resistant structures for safe development in the cold region are also conceptually discussed. 相似文献
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The Prestige oil spill may be considered as one of the worst in last years, because of the amount spilled (59,000 tons at the moment) and the wide zone affected: almost all the coastline in Galicia (Spanish region with a very important coastal fishing activity) and some points in the North Spain and in the Southwest France. In this paper, we estimate the short-term economic damages from the Prestige oil spills in the Galician coastal fishing and aquaculture sectors by great areas. The zones that received more oil spills obtained the biggest economic losses. 相似文献
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Revisiting ocean thermal energy conversion 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Increasing concerns regarding oil spills, air pollution, and climate change associated with fossil fuel use have increased the urgency of the search for renewable, clean sources of energy. This assessment describes the potential of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) to produce not only clean energy but also potable water, refrigeration, and aquaculture products. Higher oil prices and recent technical advances have improved the economic and technical viability of OTEC, perhaps making this technology more attractive and feasible than in the past. Relatively high capital costs associated with OTEC may require the integration of energy, food, and water production security in small island developing states (SIDSs) to improve cost-effectiveness. Successful implementation of OTEC at scale will require the application of insights and analytical methods from economics, technology, materials engineering, marine ecology, and other disciplines as well as a subsidized demonstration plant to provide operational data at near-commercial scales. 相似文献