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Wave-site软件开发及强震数据分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
《地震地磁观测与研究》2016,(1)
利用Matlab平台,设计一款用于强震数据处理的Wave-site软件,与在用软件相比,增加台站场地响应计算等功能,并提供多种基线校准和场地响应计算方法作比较分析。应用该软件研究了三山强震台场地响应与震级的关系,数据表明,地震S波放大因子大于地脉动,且随震级升高而增大。 相似文献
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应用噪声谱比法, 收集了福建台网观测台站记录的地脉动噪声数据, 计算分析了85个观测台站的场地响应． 根据场地响应曲线形态将福建台网观测台站分为4类, 并简要分析了影响台站场地响应结果的因素． 计算结果表明, 福建台网观测台站台基情况普遍较好, 在台站观测频带内场地响应曲线平坦, 大部分台站均没有明显的频率放大点． 本文采用H/V谱比法与Moya方法所获得的37个台站的场地响应结果基本一致, 仅有少数台站存在较大差异． 应用场地响应分析结果, 结合计算震级时所量取的周期, 对福建台网观测台站的单台震级校正值进行了估计, 并与统计方法获得的单台震级校正值进行了比对． 结果表明, 两种方法获得的台站震级校正值存在一定的相关性, 但由于考虑的影响因素不同, 具体的台站震级校正值尚存在差别． 相似文献
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近地表松散沉积层对地震波具有强烈的改造作用。为了揭示近地表速度结构对场地强地震动特征的影响机理,采用横波勘探和地脉动测试方法研究两个地震台站的场地条件,并对比分析场地测试结果与汶川地震记录的频谱特征。正如浅层地震勘探和地脉动数据所揭示的那样, MXT地震台的强震记录中,对应横波图像0.10 s处强反射波的地震动分量（频率5 Hz左右）在该场地占明显优势,而对0.22 s的弱反射界面（对应的基频为2.3 Hz）的反映并不明显,分析认为这一现象归因于地下10~11 m处粉土与卵石层间具有较大的波阻抗差异,因而造成地震反射图像上0.10 s附近的强振幅掩盖了0.22 s的反射波组,岷县强震记录频谱也显示为单峰值形态。横波勘探在WUD台获得的地震图像显示分别在0.22 s和0.50 s处有两组比较明显的反射波,其所对应的场地潜在响应频率分别为2.3 Hz和1.0 Hz,WUD台的强震记录频谱的形态也明显受这两个波阻抗界面的影响;通过对比地脉动与地震记录的频谱图,认为场地结构对地震信号与一般地脉动信号的影响是有差别的。研究表明：（1）剪切波的强阻抗界面深度及其平均波速是控制场地频谱主频的主要因素,近地表地层中阻抗强的界面对地震波的改造作用占主导地位;（2）近地表松散覆盖层的波速结构影响着场地地脉动频谱与地震动频谱的谱形变化;（3） 一般情况下,浅部强波阻抗界面对地脉动频谱特征的影响可能大于深部（百米以内）,强震作用下深部波阻抗界面会使场地的响应主频向比其脉动基频更低的频段发展。 相似文献
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以美国Garner Valley Downhole Array(GVDA)竖向观测台阵的强震观测记录为基础,利用水平与竖向谱比(Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio,HVSR)方法与传统谱比方法研究了多次地震作用下竖向台阵场地的波动传播规律,探讨了该场地HVSR曲线与传递函数(Transfer Function,TF)曲线的差异,综合利用频域求解一维层状场地P、SV波入射情况下场地响应的土层地震反应分析方法和合成理论地震图的波数积分法解释了二者差异可能的原因,在此基础上研究了HVSR方法应用于地震作用下场地效应分析的适用性.研究结论表明:竖向地震动场地效应是HVSR与传递函数产生差异的主要原因,竖向地震动场地效应主要是由竖向地震动中的P波成分引起的.在场地竖向放大可以忽略的频段范围内,HVSR可以作为传递函数研究地震作用下的场地效应. 相似文献
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分析S波土层/基岩和脉动水平/垂直的频谱比,分别得出了位于丽江峡谷南段、中段和北段的丽宾、白沙和玉龙3个台站的场地放大．使用的资料是1996年2月3日云南丽江MS＝7.0地震余震的数字记录．在1～4 Hz频率范围内,丽宾台S波东西分量土层/基岩频谱比最大,达4.5;丽宾台脉动土层北南/垂直频谱比接近1,东西/垂直频谱比约为4.5,且与上述土层/基岩频谱比相同．表明脉动的垂直和北南分量未被土层放大,单台Nakamura法可用．用此法进而求出了白沙和玉龙的脉动频谱比,它们具有同丽宾脉动频谱比类似的特征．在上述频率范围内,两台的北南/垂直频谱比接近1,而东西/垂直频谱比白沙台约为6,玉龙台约为4.5．在丽江峡谷有横越峡谷的方向性场地响应特征． 相似文献
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考虑场地土层不同物理参数的综合反演,改进了水平与竖向谱比(Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio,简称HVSR)混合全局优化反演方法,进一步通过土层的S、P波波速、厚度、泊松比、密度和S、P波品质因子等土层参数反演的敏感性分析,形成了可同时反演场地土层厚度及剪切波速的混合全局优化反演方法.以美国GVDA和日本IWTH27竖向强震动观测台阵为例,分别以理论HVSR及加速度观测记录获得的HVSR曲线为目标,反演获得了场地浅层速度结构,并与观测台阵场地钻孔揭示的土层模型进行比较,验证了发展的反演方法的合理性和适用性.本文研究表明,基于地震加速度记录的HVSR全局优化反演方法是获取场地土层速度结构的一种有效的途径. 相似文献
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The 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake, MW = 7.6, caused severe damage in the near-fault region of the earthquake. In order to evaluate site effects in the near-field strong motions we estimate S-wave velocity structures of sediments at four sites using array records of microtremors. We also recalculated S-wave velocity structures at other four sites previously reported. To show the validity of the estimated S-wave velocity structures we separate empirical site responses from aftershock records using the generalized inversion method and show the agreement between empirical and theoretical site responses. We also show an observed fact that suggests soil nonlinearity during the Chi-Chi earthquake by comparing horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios (HVRs) for main shock records with HVRs for aftershock records. Then we calculate one-dimensional equivalent-linear site responses using the estimated S-wave velocity structures and the main shock records observed on the surface. It is found that site amplification due to thick (about 6 km) sediments is one of the important factors for explaining the long-period velocity pulses of about 5 to 10 sec observed at sites in the footwall during the Chi-Chi earthquake. It is also found that the theoretical site responses of shallow soft sediments at sites that sustained severe damage in the hanging wall shows significant amplification around 1 sec. As the amplitude of velocity pulses with period around 1 sec is most critical in causing damage to ordinary buildings of moderate heights, our results suggest that the 1-sec period velocity pulses, amplified by the site response of shallow sediments should contribute to the severe damage during the Chi-Chi earthquake. 相似文献
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Ground motion amplifications in the Dinar basin, and contributions of the surface waves generated from basin edges are investigated in frequency and time domains. Amplification functions are computed from the aftershock data of the October 1, 1995 Dinar earthquake (MW=6.4) using the Standard Spectral Ratio method which requires a pair of instruments; one located at the site under investigation (generally on alluvium) and the other on a reference site, preferably a nearby rock site. First, a time window covering the whole signal is used to compute the amplification function, and, successively, the noise, P wave, S wave and the surface wave time windows are used in computation to observe their contributions to the amplification function. It is seen that the maximum amplifications observed at about 2.0 Hz on the amplification functions of the stations located in the basin are largely due to basin edge induced surface waves. These waves have significantly increased the duration of signals recorded within the basin. Particularly, on the vertical component records, the amplitudes of surface waves are larger than the S-wave amplitudes. The periods of waves amplified maximally due to the basin structure coincide with the natural periods of 4–6-story buildings which were heavily damaged in Dinar. This indicates that the site effects may have been important regarding the damage which occurred during the Dinar earthquake of October 1995. 相似文献
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A site effect study of the Adapazari basin,Turkey, from strong- and weak-motion data 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Approximately 4000 people were killed due to collapse of buildings in downtown Adapazari during the 1999 Izmit, Turkey earthquake (Mw = 7.4). The downtown is located on a deep sedimentary basin, so-called Adapazari basin. We study site effects of the Adapazari basin based on strong- and weak-motion data obtained by a temporary array observation deployed in and around the Adapazari basin after the earthquake. Four moderate-size aftershocks (M4.6–M5.8) are selected in our study. We evaluate the S-wave amplifications in the basin by using the traditional spectral ratio method. The spectral ratios show that the S waves are considerably amplified in the frequency range of 0.5 to about 5 Hz at the basin sites, but are apparently de-amplified at frequencies higher than about 10 Hz. We make a quantitative interpretation of the empirical amplifications based on the S-wave velocity structures at the stiff-soil reference site as well as at the basin sites; these structures were estimated by the microtremor array measurements. Through the interpretation, we confirm that the amplifications at low frequencies are attributed to the thick sedimentary layers in the Adapazari basin and that the apparent de-amplifications at high frequencies are partly due to the reference site response. In addition to the considerable S-wave amplifications, the basin site records show long-period (about 2 sec) later phases after the S-wave arrival; these later phases are basin-transduced surface waves that are originated from the source and transmitted into the basin. The predominant period of these waves apparently depends on the earthquake magnitude. We conclude that heavy damage in downtown Adapazari during the 1999 Izmit earthquake was caused not only by strongly amplified S-waves but also by long-period basin surface waves of long duration. 相似文献
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Hiroaki Yamanaka Ögur Tuna Özmen Kosuke Chimoto Mehmet Akif Alkan Muammer Tün Emrah Pekkan Oguz Özel Derya Polat Murat Nurlu 《Journal of Seismology》2018,22(5):1127-1137
We have explored 1D S-wave velocity profiles of shallow and deep soil layers over a basement at strong motion stations in Eskisehir Province, Turkey. Microtremor array explorations were conducted at eight strong motion stations in the area to know shallow 1D S-wave velocity models. Rayleigh wave phase velocity at a frequency range from 3 to 30 Hz was estimated with the spatial autocorrelation analysis of array records of vertical microtremors at each station. Individual phase velocity was inverted to a shallow S-wave velocity profile. Low-velocity layers were identified at the stations in the basin. Site amplification factors from S-wave parts of earthquake records that had been estimated at the strong motion stations by Yamanaka et al. (2017) were inverted to the S-wave velocities and Q-values of the sedimentary layers. The depths to the basement with an S-wave velocity of 2.2 km/s are about 1 km in the central part of the basin, while the basement becomes shallow as 0.3 km in the marginal part of the basin. We finally discussed the effects of the shallow and deep sedimentary layers on the 1D S-wave amplification characteristics using the revealed profiles. It is found that the shallow soil layers have no significant effects in the amplification at a frequency range lower than 3 Hz in the area. 相似文献
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Simultaneous estimation of effects of source, propagation path, and local site amplification was carried out using observed strong motion records in a frequency range from 0.8 to 20 Hz for the purpose of empirical evaluation of the local site effects in different geological conditions in the northwestern part of Turkey. The analyzed data are S-wave portions of 162 accelerograms from 39 shallow events observed at 14 sites of BYTNet array. A spectral separation method was applied to the observed S-wave spectra. The solutions for source spectra, inelasticity factor of propagation path for S-waves (Q s-value), and factor of site amplification at each site were obtained in a least squares sense. In the analysis, we assumed that the factor of the site amplification at a reference site is the same as that of theoretical amplification of S-waves to the soil model whose bottom layer has an S-wave velocity around 2.15 km/s. The estimated Q s-value of the propagation path is modeled as Q s(f)?=?87.4f0.78. The estimated site amplifications are characterized into three groups. The sites in the first group belong to rock site with no dominant peaks at a frequency range of 2 to 10 Hz. The second group of hard soil sites is characterized with moderately dominant peaks at a frequency of 5 Hz. The last group for soft soil sites has common peaks at a frequency of 4 Hz with larger amplitudes than those in the hard soil group. We, then, compare the amplifications with average S-wave velocity in top 30 m of the shallow S-wave profiles and proposed linear empirical formula between them at each frequency. We, furthermore, inverted the observed amplification factors into S-wave velocity and Q s-value profiles of the deep soil over the basement. 相似文献
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A. Moya V. Schmidt C. Segura I. Boschini K. Atakan 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2000,20(1-4)
Site effects for 11 selected locations were determined in the capital city of Costa Rica. We used a strong motion network made of eight K2 and three SSA accelerographs. The network recorded more than 60 earthquakes in the magnitude range from 2 to 5 during a period of nine months. The site effects were determined using the sediment-to-bedrock spectral ratio (SBSR) and the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) techniques and a time window 4 s beginning from the S-wave arrival. The result suggests that the amplification in the capital city is to be in the range from 2.0 to 3.0. The fundamental frequencies were found to be high in the southern and eastern part of the study area and low in the northern and western part. A possible topographic effect was also observed for one of the stations located nearby a river canyon. The results from earthquake data were compared with the ones obtained from noise data. The horizontal-to-vertical noise ratio (HVNR) technique was used to estimate the site effects using ambient noise. The fundamental frequencies were found to correlate very well between both sets of data; on the other hand, the amplitude given by the noise was observed to be always lower than the one derived from the earthquake data. 相似文献
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本文采用质点运动判别与偏振分析相结合的方法对2019年四川长宁MS6.0地震震源区10个台站于2013年4月25日至2019年7月31日记录到的波形数据进行S波分裂参数测定,其中9个台站获取4条以上有效S波分裂参数。结果表明,震源区各台站的S波分裂参数不仅在空间上存在分区特征,还会随时间发生改变。快波偏振方向在空间上的分区特征大体为:位于震源区东南段的三个台站的快波偏振优势方向主要为NE向,与震源区东南段的主压应力方向基本一致;位于研究区西北段的台站,其快波偏振优势方向为近EW向,与震源区西北段的主压应力方向基本一致。但由于受到震源区地壳应力和复杂构造的共同影响,CJW,GXA和LQS三个台站都有两个快波偏振优势方向。快波偏振方向随时间的变化为:主震后各台站的快波偏振方向都出现离散度增大而后又逐渐趋于一致的现象;CJW台的快波偏振方向在主震前三个月发生了改变,体现了孕震过程中随着应力的不断积累,其各向异性特征由主要受构造控制转变为受应力控制。各台站的归一化慢波时间延迟随台站距主震和余震密集区距离的增加而减小,反映了长宁地震孕震过程中余震密集区的应力积累和释放明显强于周边区域。此外,主震发生前6个月左右CNI台的慢波时间延迟出现明显下降,地震发生后又迅速上升,反映出长宁地震震前的应力积累以及震后应力突然释放使上地壳中微裂隙的几何形态发生了改变。 相似文献
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采用叠加、互相关、插值拟合等方法对祁连山气枪主动源台网数据进行处理,针对2016年1月21日青海门源6.4级地震前后气枪激发地震P波、S波震相的走时变化特征进行了分析,结果表明,地震前约6个月时,震中附近3个台站的相对走时出现下降变化（走时减少）,至震前约3个月时低值异常恢复正常,之后再次出现走时下降变化,地震即发生于走时变化恢复过程中。S波走时变化最大下降幅度达18ms,震后走时变化逐渐恢复正常,且3个台站变化趋势较为一致,其中,距震中最近的台站的S波走时变化最明显（ZDY38台）,较远台站的走时变化幅度较小,其变化特征与震源区位置有关。走时缩短意味着速度增加,可能与区域应力积累间存在一定的关系。 相似文献
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选取豫鲁冀交界区17个数字化测震台站S波记录,对该区地震进行限定筛选,并对台站记录的地震波形进行严格仔细的参数测量与提取,分析地震波传播过程中S波分裂变化及与地震的关系,提取中等地震前S波分裂所表现的地球物理异常特征。 相似文献
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Site effects by generalized inversion technique using strong motion recordings of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
The generalized inversion of S-wave amplitude spectra from the free-field strong motion recordings of the China National Strong Motion Observation Network System (NSMONS) are used to evaluate the site effects in the Wenchuan area. In this regard, a total of 602 recordings from 96 aftershocks of the Wenchuan earthquake with magnitudes of M3.7-M6.5 were selected as a dataset. These recordings were obtained from 28 stations at a hypocenter distance ranging from 30 km to 150 km. The inversion results have been verified as reliable by comparing the site response at station 62WUD using the Generalized Inversion Technique (GIT) and the Standard Spectral Ratio method (SSR). For all 28 stations, the site predominant frequency F p and the average site amplification in different frequency bands of 1.0–5.0 Hz, 5.0–10.0 Hz and 1.0–10.0 Hz have been calculated based on the inversion results. Compared with the results from the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) method, it shows that the HVSR method can reasonably estimate the site predominant frequency but underestimates the site amplification. The linear fitting between the average site amplification for each frequency band and the V s20 (the average uppermost-20 m shear wave velocity) shows good correlation. A distance measurement called the asperity distance D Aspt is proposed to reasonably characterize the source-to-site distance for large earthquakes. Finally, the inversed site response is used to identify the soil nonlinearity in the main shock and aftershocks of Wenchuan earthquake. In ten of the 28 stations analyzed in the main shock, the soil behaved nonlinearly, where the ground motion level is apparently beyond a threshold of PGA > 300 cm/s2 or PGV > 20 cm/s, and only one station coded 51SFB has evidence of soil nonlinear behavior in the aftershocks. 相似文献