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1.
We examine 14 plates of the globular cluster M3 (NGC 5272) taken with the 40 cm refractor at the Sheshan station of Shanghai Astronomical Observatory. The plates span over a period of about 77 years. The positions and absolute proper motions of eight stars in the Hipparcos Catalogue and of 49 stars in the Tycho-2 Catalogue are used as the reference frame. The astrometric reduction is made with the central overlapping principle. The absolute proper motions of 534 stars in a region of about 100' × 100' around the cluster are measured. With the new proper motion data the membership probabilities of the stars are determined. The average absolute proper motion obtained for the cluster is -0.06@0.30 mas yr-1 in R.A. and -2.6@0.30 mas yr-1 in Decl. By combining this result with the known distance and radial velocity of the cluster, we also obtained the Galactic orbit of M3 for a chosen three-component Galactic potential.  相似文献   

2.
From the characteristic actions (s), we can derive various relations between the basic characteristic quantities of objects and the fundamental constants in known physical laws. The main physical processes which lead to the formation of objects should be included in some such reletions through the fundamental constants. The problem of the origin of galaxies has been considered on the basis of the theory of actions (s). It has been shown that in addition to gravitational effect, the dissipation process of the adiabatic density perturbations arising from the Thomson scattering in the early universe is a crucial process in forming galaxies; and if the Hubble constant has a valueH 0 50 km s–1 Mpc–1, the protogalaxies might be formed just before recombination.  相似文献   

3.
By means of spectral analysis, oscillations have been detected in many-year time series of deviations in the duration of days from the standard that cannot be explained within the framework of existing gravitational theory. The solution of the problem of the origin and structure of these oscillations is associated with the essence of the phenomena taking place inside the Earth and the mechanisms of energy transfer by external fields and the Sun. The effect of the Sun on the Earth’s rotation also leads to the formation of a unified cyclic background, resulting in correlated oscillations in all shells of the Earth, as well as in its atmosphere and its nucleus. Ground magnetic fields of the Earth and the Sun play the leading role in the abovementioned unified cyclic process. The results of spectral autoregressive and wavelet analyses of experimental data concerning deviations in the duration of days from the standard in the years 1832–2006, ground geomagnetic field intensities in 1832–2006, and the mean magnetic field of the Sun during the period from 1975 to 2005 have been discussed in this paper to reveal and compare correlating oscillations. To analyze a short-period (31-yr-long) series of daily data on the mean magnetic field of the Sun, the results of wavelet transformations (the Morlet wavelet) of the detected amplitude of a burst envelope with a carrier frequency of 13 cycles/yr have been obtained.  相似文献   

4.
P. Poulain 《Solar physics》1981,70(2):229-235
More and more observations tend to prove that the lower corona is very heterogeneous and that the active regions are quite exclusively arch-structured. So, we have attempted to see what would be the result of simulations of a corona structured only with arches. In a previous work we had made the computations for both the K-corona and the 5303 emission line corona, for which we have much observational data. The complexity of computations has led us to make the comparisons with observations for the vertical intensity gradients only. A priori, it seemed impossible to obtain a simulation close to reality with a corona structured only with arches, at least as we have defined them in this paper, the important fact being a conspicuous lack of matter beyond a certain height. We have made new simulations with a different electron density distribution and for a different region. These latter calculations show us that the material can be confined in the feet of very high arches or in open structures as has already been suggested.  相似文献   

5.
The synthetic equivalent width (W H) of the line H in emission is obtained for Hii regions opaque to the Lyman photon flux, with embedded OB associations with different initial chemical compositions and initial mass functions. The variation ofW H as a function of the evolution of the ionizing stars is analysed. The observations ofW H for M33, M101, and M51 by Searle (1971) are discussed.  相似文献   

6.
Estimating the Size and Timing of the Maximum Amplitude of Solar Cycle 24   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
A simple statistical method is used to estimate the size and timing of maximum amplitude of the next solar cycle (cycle 24). Presuming cycle 23 to be a short cycle (as is more likely), the minimum of cycle 24 should occur about December 2006 (±2 months) and the maximum, around March 2011 (±9 months), and the amplitude is 189.9 ±15.5, if it is a fast riser, or about 136, if it is a slow riser. If we presume cycle 23 to be a long cycle (as is less likely), the minimum of cycle 24 should occur about June 2008 (±2 months) and the maximum, about February 2013 (±8 months) and the maximum will be about 137 or 80, according as the cycle is a fast riser or a slow riser.  相似文献   

7.
The implications of the intrinsic luminosity evolution with cosmological epoch on the value of the density parameter () and evolution of radio sizes of extragalactic radio sources have been considered. It is shown that a power law evolution model of the sortP (1 +z) can be used to contrain the value of . In the presence of a strong luminosity evolution, the model yields an upper limit of 0.5.It is also shown that the angular diameter redshift ( – z) relation for quasars can be interpreted in terms of the assumed luminosity evolution combined with a luminosity-linear size correlation with little or no linear size evolution required. On the other hand, strong linear size evolution is needed to explain the – z data for radio galaxies independent of luminosity.  相似文献   

8.
RESEARCH PAPERS 1 INTRODUCTIONA spiraI gaIaxy inherently consists of a halo, a bulge and a thin disc with spiral structurewhich emerges from the central region or the end of a bright bar. Optical images of spirals, whichare projections on the celestial sphere, are dominated by the light from the stars, as modifiedby the extinction and reddening of dust. AIthough Lord Rosse first discovered that M51 hastwo spiral arms in 1845, the form of the spiral structure had not been investigat…  相似文献   

9.
When the interplanetary parameter ε(= VB2 sin4 (θ2)l02) exceeds the amount that can be dissipated by the ionosphere in terms of the Joule heat production, the excess energy is absorbed by the ring current belt, resulting in abnormal growth of the Dst index.  相似文献   

10.
The period-growth dichotomy of the solar cycle predicts that cycle 21, the present solar cycle, will be of long duration (>133 mo), ending after July 1987. Bimodality of the solar cycle (i.e., cycles being distributed into two groups according to cycle length, based on a comparison to the mean cycle period) is clearly seen in a scatter diagram of descent versus ascent durations. Based on the well-observed cycles 8–20, a linear fit for long-period cycles (being a relatively strong inverse relationship that is significant at the 5% level and having a coefficient of determination r 2 0.66) suggests that cycle 21, having an ascent of 42 mo, will have a descent near 99 mo; thus, cycle duration of about 141 mo is expected. Like cycle 11, cycle 21 occurs on the downward envelope of the sunspot number curve, yet is associated with an upward first difference in amplitude. A comparison of individual cycle, smoothed sunspot number curves for cycles 21 and 11 reveals striking similarity, which suggests that if, indeed, cycle 21 is a long-period cycle, then it too may have an extended tail of sustained, low, smoothed sunspot number, with cycle 22 minimum occurring either in late 1987 or early 1988.  相似文献   

11.
We present an application of the methods recently developed for the study of quasicrystal structures to the analysis of multiperiodicity of semiregular variables. A light curve analysis of UW Her shows frequencies that can be included within the general scheme characterizing the Fourier spectra of Fibonacci quasiperiodic sequences. The analysed data come from the BAA Variable Star Section computerised archive.  相似文献   

12.
Spectropolarimetry of Jupiter at resolutions between 22 and 35 Å reveals a strong increase of linear polarization in the 7250-A? CH4 band. This is very probably due to the decreasing contribution toward the band center of the higher orders of scattering, which have a smaller net polarization than the first few orders. The linear polarization is also enhanced in the band at 7900 A? comprising the 7920-A? NH3 and 7600- to 8200-A? CH4 bands. The normalized circular polarization shows a feature at 7250 A? with a dispersion shape. This is most probably produced in a double-scattering process involving either a solid or liquid aerosol with an absorption at 7250 A?. Methane aerosols, the obvious candidates from a spectroscopic point of view, are, however, forbidden if current estimates of the Jovian atmospheric temperature are correct.  相似文献   

13.
The Relation between the Amplitude and the Period of Solar Cycles   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
The maximum amplitudes of solar activity cycles are found to be well anti-correlated (r = -0.72) with the newly defined solar cycle lengths three cycles before (at lag -3) in 13-month running mean sunspot numbers during the past 190 years. This result could be used for predicting the maximum sunspot numbers. The amplitudes of Cycles 24 and 25 are estimated to be 149.5±27.6 and 144.3±27.6, respectively.  相似文献   

14.
There are two ways of expressing the precession of orbital plane of a binary pulsar system, given by Barker & O'Connell, Apostolatos et al. and Kidder, respectively. We point out that these two ways actually come from the same Lagrangian under different degrees of freedom. Damour & Schafer and Wex & Kopeikin applied Barker & O'Connell's orbital precession velocity in pulsar timing measurement. This paper applies Apostolatos et al.'s and Kidder's orbital precession velocity. We show that Damour & Schafer's treatment corresponds to negligible Spin-Orbit induced precession of periastron, while Wex & Kopeikin and this paper both found significant (but not equivalent) effects. The observational data of two typical binary pulsars, PSR J2051-0827 and PSR J1713+0747, apparently support a significant Spin-Orbit coupling effect. Specific binary pulsars with orbital plane nearly edge on could discriminate between Wex & Kopeikin and this paper: if the orbital period derivative of the double-pulsar system PSRs J0737-3039 A and B, with orbital inclination angle i = 87.7129 deg, is much larger than that of the gravitational radiation induced one, then the expression in this paper is supported, otherwise Wex & Kopeikin's is supported.  相似文献   

15.
J. Javaraiah 《Solar physics》2012,281(2):827-837
We have analyzed the combined Greenwich and Solar Optical Observing Network (SOON) sunspot group data during the period of 1874??C?2011 and determined variations in the annual numbers (counts) of the small (maximum area A M<100 millionth of solar hemisphere, msh), large (100??A M<300?msh), and big (A M??300?msh) spot groups. We found that the amplitude of an even-numbered cycle of the number of large groups is smaller than that of its immediately following odd-numbered cycle. This is consistent with the well known Gnevyshev and Ohl rule (G?CO rule) of solar cycles, generally described by using the Zurich sunspot number (R Z). During cycles 12??C?21 the G?CO rule holds good for the variation in the number of small groups also, but it is violated by cycle pair (22, 23) as in the case of R Z. This behavior of the variations in the small groups is largely responsible for the anomalous behavior of R Z in cycle pair (22, 23). It is also found that the amplitude of an odd-numbered cycle of the number of small groups is larger than that of its immediately following even-numbered cycle. This might be called the ??reverse G?CO rule??. In the case of the number of the big groups, both cycle pairs (12, 13) and (22, 23) violated the G?CO rule. In many cycles the positions of the peaks of the small, large, and big groups are different, and considerably differ with respect to the corresponding positions of the R Z peaks. In the case of cycle?23, the corresponding cycles of the small and large groups are largely symmetric/less asymmetric (the Waldmeier effect is weak/absent) with their maxima taking place two years later than that of R Z. The corresponding cycle of the big groups is more asymmetric (strong Waldmeier effect) with its maximum epoch taking place at the same time as that of R Z.  相似文献   

16.
Based on five high-resolution spectra in the range 5625–7525 ?A taken in 1995 and covering the ascending branch of the light curve from minimum to maximum, we have performed spectroscopic studies of the classical Cepheid ζ Gem. The atmospheric parameters and chemical composition of the Cepheid have been refined. The abundances of the key elements of the evolution of yellow supergiants are typical for an object that has passed the first dredge-up: a C underabundance, N, Na, and Al overabundances, and nearly solar O and Mg abundances. We have estimated [Fe/H] = +0.01 dex; the abundances of the remaining elements are also nearly solar. The metal absorption lines in all spectra show a clear asymmetry and the formation of secondary blue (B1 and B2) and red (R1 and R2) components, just as for the Cepheid X Sgr. The Hα absorption line is also split into blue (B) and red (R) components with different depths changing with pulsation phase. To analyze the velocity field in the atmosphere of ζ Gem, we have estimated the radial velocities from specially selected (with clear signatures of the B1, B2, R1, and R2 components) absorption lines (neutral atoms and ions) of metals (38 lines) and the B and R components of the Hα line. Analysis of these estimates has shown that their scatter is from ?22 to 36 km s?1 for all pulsation phases but does not exceed 35–40 km s?1 for each individual phase, while it does not exceed 22 km s?1 for the Hα line components. The radial velocity estimates for the metal lines and their B1 and B2 components have been found to depend on the depths, suggesting the presence of a velocity gradient in the atmosphere. No significant difference in velocities between the atoms and ions of the metal lines is observed, i.e., there is no significant inhomogeneity in the upper atmospheric layers of the Cepheid. Since the averaged radial velocity estimates for the cores of the metal lines and their B1 and B2 components change with pulsation phase and coincide with those for the B component of the Hα line, they are all formed in the Cepheid’s atmosphere. The formation and passage of a shock wave due to the κ-mechanism at work can be responsible for the stronger scatter of the B1 and B2 components in their velocities at phases after the Cepheid’s minimum radius. The averaged velocities of the R1 components also change with pulsation phase and differ only slightly from the remaining ones. On the other hand, the mean velocity estimate for the R component of the Hα line at all phases is +32.72 ± 2.50 km s?1 and differs significantly from the bulk of the velocities, suggesting the formation of this component in the envelope around the Cepheid. The unusual behavior of the mean velocities for the R2 components of the metal absorption lines can also point to their formation in the envelope and can be yet another indicator of its presence around ζ Gem.  相似文献   

17.
Ambartsumian’s paradigm for the creation of galaxies owing to the decay of denser matter is examined. The roots of this concept can be found in the very earliest papers of Ambartsumian on quantum fields and the structure of atomic nuclei. In the early 1930’s his papers contained new ideas regarding the ejection by one physical object of another which had not originally existed inside the first. The basic observational data which served as the basis for the final formulation of the new concept are described. Special attention is devoted to those objects and phenomena, which, upon further study, have confirmed the validity of Ambartsumian’s reasoning and arguments. It is noted that the discovery of Hubble expansion’s acceleration of the universe opened up new possibilities for the interpretation of activity phenomena in terms of Ambartsumian’s concept. The further extension of this concept is discussed and it is suggested that the major result of this approach should be the proof of the existence of galaxies of all ages within a finite volume of space.  相似文献   

18.
Collinear libration points play an important role in deep space exploration because of their special positions and dynamical characteristics. Since motion around them is unstable, we need to control the spacecraft if we wish to keep them around such a libration point for a long time. Here we propose a continuous low-thrust control strategy, illustrated with numerical simulations combined with the orbit design and control of the World Space Observatory/UltraViolet (WSO/UV).  相似文献   

19.
ASCA observations of the two Type Ⅱ AGNs,NGC7314 and NGC 7582,show clear variations in the broad X-ray band(0.4-10keV)on short timescales-10^4s.Spectral analysis indicates that they bot have an absorbed hard X-ray component and an unabsorbed soft“excess” component.To clarify the origin of the latter,we made a cross-correlation analysis of the two components.The results show that,for NGC7314,the soft X-ray variability is proportional to that of the hard X-ray component.This indicates that the active nucleus of NGC 7314 must be partially covered and so the soft emission is a “leaking” of the variable hard component.For NGC 7582,there is no detectable variability in the soft component, although there is a definite one in the hard component.This indicates that the variable nucleus of NGC 7582 must be fully blocked by absorbing matter,and the soft emission is most likely the scattered component predicted by the AGN unified model.  相似文献   

20.
Using nine years of solar wind plasma and magnetic field data from the Wind mission, we investigated the characteristics of both magnetic clouds (MCs) and magnetic cloud-like structures (MCLs) during 1995 – 2003. A MCL structure is an event that is identified by an automatic scheme (Lepping, Wu, and Berdichevsky, Ann. Geophys. 23, 2687, 2005) with the same criteria as for a MC, but it is not usually identifiable as a flux rope by using the MC (Burlaga et al., J. Geophys. Res. 86, 6673, 1981) fitting model developed by Lepping, Jones, and Burlaga (Geophys. Res. Lett. 95(11), 957, 1990). The average occurrence rate is 9.5 for MCs and 13.6 for MCLs per year for the overall period of interest, and there were 82 MCs and 122 MCLs identified during this period. The characteristics of MCs and MCL structures are as follows: (1) The average duration, Δt, of MCs is 21.1 h, which is 40% longer than that for MCLs (Δt=15 h); (2) the average (minimum B z found in MC/MCL measured in geocentric solar ecliptic coordinates) is −10.2 nT for MCs and −6 nT for MCLs; (3) the average Dstmin  (minimum Dst caused by MCs/MCLs) is −82 nT for MCs and −37 nT for MCLs; (4) the average solar wind velocity is 453 km s−1 for MCs and 413 km s−1 for MCLs; (5) the average thermal speed is 24.6 km s−1 for MCs and 27.7 km s−1 for MCLs; (6) the average magnetic field intensity is 12.7 nT for MCs and 9.8 nT for MCLs; (7) the average solar wind density is 9.4 cm−3 for MCs and 6.3 cm−3 for MCLs; and (8) a MC is one of the most important interplanetary structures capable of causing severe geomagnetic storms. The longer duration, more intense magnetic field and higher solar wind speed of MCs, compared to those properties of the MCLs, are very likely the major reasons for MCs generally causing more severe geomagnetic storms than MCLs. But the fact that a MC is an important interplanetary structure with respect to geomagnetic storms is not new (e.g., Zhang and Burlaga, J. Geophys. Res. 93, 2511, 1988; Bothmer, ESA SP-535, 419, 2003).  相似文献   

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