共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 265 毫秒
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土建筑遗址表面结皮形成与剥离机制研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
以交河故城土遗址为原型,通过现场调查、取样和室内试验,研究了土建筑表面结皮的物理化学性质,提出了土质墙体表面结皮的形成与剥离机制。粒度分析、粉晶X射线衍射分析、易溶盐离子色谱分析表明,与下伏母墙相比,结皮层粒度偏细,易溶盐含量偏低;红外摄像测温显示,结皮层升温、降温幅度更大。研究认为,土建筑遗址结皮层的形成是墙面土体局部饱和崩解、泥浆蠕移干燥的结果,其形成初期对抵抗土遗址风化起到一定的保护作用,但随后在剧烈的热胀冷缩作用及风蚀作用影响下发生剥离和脱落,反而加速土遗址的劣化进程。 相似文献
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古代夯土这种经过人工取材分选、夯击并且在历史进程中接受环境陈化形成的特殊土体，其结构性及表征研究是西北干旱区夯土遗址保护领域所面临的基础性问题。研究选择分布于3个气候区域、5个朝代的15处典型遗址夯土为研究对象，通过基本物理性质测试、侧限压缩试验及无侧限单轴压缩试验与结构性理论分析，展开了对夯土结构性的初步研究。研究结果表明：15处典型遗址夯土的粒径分布、液性指数、结构屈服压力及抗压强度均随建造时代、赋存环境呈规律性变化，原状、重塑夯土的压缩性、强度及应力-应变特征表现出较大的差异性，其构度与上述的宏观性质指标具有良好的一致性表述，夯土的结构势变化中水敏势占主导作用，且扰动势、水敏势与建造距今年限和干旱指数均存在显著的线性对应关系。 相似文献
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温度是露天保存的夯土遗址由病害发育到整体消亡长期过程中的重要影响因素,遗址体内部温度的时空分布以及对环境气温的响应规律则更对其劣化形式与进程具有关键性的控制作用。研究对3处位于西北不同气候分区的典型夯土遗址的四季环境温度及其断面内部温度的日际变化进行实时监测与分析。结果表明遗址断面内部各监测点温度均随环境温度的变化而变化,其环境温度及断面内部监测点日际温度随时间的变化均可分为两个降温阶段和一个升温阶段,夏季与其余季节各温度变化阶段时长存在一定差异;更为重要的是在任何季节的每个温度变化阶段断面的温度变化范围及环境响应速率均具有纵向变化显著于横向变化的规律,而且春季的第2降温阶段的温度变化范围以及响应速率最为显著。 相似文献
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夯土是具有明显时代、地域、工艺和取材属性的土体,其抗剪性能评价和参数获取是干旱、半干旱地区夯土遗址稳定性评价和控制领域所面临的基础性问题。选取了分布于祁连山南北两麓的我国规模最大的线性遗址明长城18处段落的原状夯土作为研究样本,在建造地点、年代和工艺调查的基础上,采用直接剪切试验、土-水特征曲线测试、颗粒分析试验、相关与回归拟合分析对夯土抗剪强度指标、孔隙和颗粒特征及其联系进行了系统的研究。研究结果表明：18处不同属地夯土依据黏聚力和内摩擦角的取值大小可划分为抗剪性能弱型和抗剪性能强型,颗粒及孔隙的组成与分布具有良好分形特征;黏聚力和内摩擦角值与粒度分维值和孔隙分维值存在量化对应关系,以分维值为变量建立数学模型预测的抗剪强度指标与实测值的误差不超过7.5%,为有效获取抗剪参数和评价抗剪性能提供了新途径。 相似文献
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西北干旱区土建筑遗址加固概述 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：16
西北干旱区土建筑遗址很多, 有些还是世界文化遗产。由于风蚀风化作用强烈, 西北干旱区大批的土建筑遗址已破坏严重, 因而开展土建遗址加固研究十分必要。钾水玻璃 (PS)是一种水溶性的无机胶结加固材料, 本文全面详尽地总结了PS加固土建筑遗址技术, 就加固机理作了初步探讨。认识到PS是西北干旱地区土遗址加固的一种有效方法, 可达到较理想的加固效果。 相似文献
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在自然力和人为活动影响下,地处干旱半干旱地区的长城、交河故城、北庭故城等土遗址,其墙体根部因掏蚀而大面积悬空,甚至造成局部区域坍塌。针对夯土遗址根部严重掏蚀问题,采用夯筑支顶加固措施既符合文物保护的基本原则,也遵循保存原材料与原工艺的要求,且加固效果显著。然而大体积夯筑支顶体在固结和失水干缩作用下,与原遗址墙体之间形成较大的裂隙,宽度达1～3 cm。如何控制和减小夯补体与原遗址体之间的收缩缝隙,成为实现大体积夯筑砌补加固的关键。基于固结理论和失水收缩特性,在室内制作不同密度和级配的试块进行固结试验,以及不同形状土样试验的失水收缩量的数据统计,对比分析不同密度、级配条件固结变形、干缩变形的特征,拟合基于传统夯筑工艺的夯补支顶体固结、干缩变形的阈值,初步摸索出了预控大体积垂直方向变形的经验式,为预判大体积夯筑支顶体沉降机制提供可靠的理论依据。 相似文献
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土-膨润土竖向隔离墙被广泛应用于污染场地治理,其服役性能受应力状态和固结变形影响较大。通过建造两段不同尺寸的土-膨润土隔离墙试验段,并利用土压力盒、孔压计、测斜管等分别对墙体现场应力状态和变形进行了为期15个月的监测,获得了土-膨润土隔离墙固结行为的基本特征。监测结果表明：墙体主固结阶段需要数月;墙体固结变形以侧向变形为主;大部分深度内总应力在前1个月显著减小,并在随后基本保持稳定,有效应力随超孔压消散而不断增加;水平应变与最大水平有效应力均与墙深呈显著正相关;然而在主固结期间,墙体底部总应力和孔压均一直减小直至等于静水压力,有效应力始终很小。根据实测墙体变形及应力分布的特点,指出在相邻土体中可能形成滑动楔形体,对填料产生整体挤压,从而对隔离墙的现场固结行为特征作出了合理解释。最后,针对土-膨润土隔离墙的设计施工提出了相关建议。 相似文献
11.
Marta Lorenzon Benjamín Cutillas-Victoria Eli Itkin Alexander Fantalkin 《Geoarchaeology》2024,39(1):35-62
Excavations at Ashdod-Yam exposed a fortification system that features a massive mudbrick wall with large earthen ramparts laid on either side. This fortified horseshoe-shaped enclosure once surrounded what was likely a human-made harbor and an adjacent acropolis with complex earthen architecture, constructed and active during Iron Age IIB–C (eighth–seventh centuries B.C.E.). These Iron Age public structures are at the center of the current research. In this paper, we present the geoarchaeological analyses of Ashdod-Yam's earthen architecture. We applied a multidisciplinary methodology to new evidence for mudbrick manufacture with the goal of understanding the relationship between governing bodies and craftsmen. The analyses combine X-ray fluorescence, loss on ignition, environmental scanning electron microscopy, and thin-section petrography to investigate raw material procurement, manufacturing choices, and labor organization at Ashdod-Yam during Iron IIB–C. Construction techniques and the standardization of the mudbrick recipe point to a local enterprise regarding the site's public earthen architecture. Furthermore, the degree of labor organization must have been closely observed and supervised by a central political power. Thus, it is argued here that construction and maintenance of the site was carried out by the kingdom of Ashdod, either as a part of its own local initiative or on behalf of the Neo-Assyrian empire. 相似文献
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在我国的西北地区,强烈冻融、风蚀等对性质脆弱的土建筑遗址安全构成极大威胁。研究了冻融循环对土遗址耐久性的影响。选择新疆交河故城原状生土试样和重塑土试样进行了冻融循环试验,监测冻融过程中的质量变化,并在冻融循环结束后进行了风洞试验和强度试验。冻融试验结果表明,在试样初始含水率较低的情况下,前5个冻融循环,试样经历了一个质量增大的过程;在随后的冻融过程中伴随着冻干和吸湿,原状试样质量的整体趋势是减小的,重塑样质量的变化趋势维持水平。随冻融循环次数增大,原状试样的微结构出现损伤,强度减小,风蚀量增大,即耐久性持续变差。相反,冻融循环初期,重塑样的强度有所增大,风蚀量减小,耐久性得到了提高;随着冻融循环的增加,重塑样的强度开始下降。重塑试样由于重塑过程中其结构受到破坏,强度弱化,冻融循环引起重塑土的“陈化”,愈合了土体的结构,但随着冻融进行,矿物颗粒的微结构损伤不断增大,试样的耐久性降低 相似文献
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PS材料加固土遗址风蚀试验研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
风蚀是西北干旱地区土遗址破坏的主要动力机制和成因,强烈的风蚀作用致使许多土遗址坍塌殆尽,导致这一不可再生资源的破坏。通过对土遗址的室内和现场风蚀模拟试验研究发现,经PS（高模数硅酸钾）材料加固后土遗址的抗风蚀能力明显增强。室内试验发现,风蚀量随风速的增长而增加、随风蚀时间延长近线性增长,PS材料浓度大于5 %的加固试样,即使风速达20 m/ s时,风蚀量均小20 (kg/ m2)•h,抗风蚀强度提高 6～10 倍。现场模拟试验结果表明,加固材料的入渗深度和用量直接影响加固效果,中浓度PS材料加固的墙面抗风蚀能力最强。因此,选择适当的PS材料浓度、提高加固材料的渗透力是土遗址保护加固的关键,将对西北地区土遗址科学保护的全面开展起到重要的指导作用。 相似文献
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Timothy Y. Lai Ronaldo I. Borja Blaise G. Duvernay Richard L. Meehan 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2003,27(5):425-451
This paper presents the results of finite element (FE) analyses of shear strain localization that occurred in cohesionless soils supported by a geosynthetic‐reinforced retaining wall. The innovative aspects of the analyses include capturing of the localized deformation and the accompanying collapse mechanism using a recently developed embedded strong discontinuity model. The case study analysed, reported in previous publications, consists of a 3.5‐m tall, full‐scale reinforced wall model deforming in plane strain and loaded by surcharge at the surface to failure. Results of the analysis suggest strain localization developing from the toe of the wall and propagating upward to the ground surface, forming a curved failure surface. This is in agreement with a well‐documented failure mechanism experienced by the physical wall model showing internal failure surfaces developing behind the wall as a result of the surface loading. Important features of the analyses include mesh sensitivity studies and a comparison of the localization properties predicted by different pre‐localization constitutive models, including a family of three‐invariant elastoplastic constitutive models appropriate for frictional/dilatant materials. Results of the analysis demonstrate the potential of the enhanced FE method for capturing a collapse mechanism characterized by the presence of a failure, or slip, surface through earthen materials. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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This paper investigates the stability of the earthen roadbed built in the warm and ice-rich permafrost region. The varying
thermal regime of the subgrade and the ongoing settlement of the roadbed were observed at field. The temperature data demonstrate
that in warm and ice-rich permafrost regions, adoption of earthen roadbed results in warming of the underlying permafrost.
It is primarily because the earthen roadbed traps the warm-season absorbed heat in the natural ground. In addition, the carried
heat of the earthen roadbed that was constructed in warm season propagates downward to warm the underlying soil. The warming
permafrost layer promotes the roadbed settlement, which was mostly linearly developed in the past five service years. A comprehensive
analysis for the varying thermal regime and the ongoing settlement shows that the unfrozen water liberated from the warming,
undrained layer experiences consolidation. The deformation of the undrained soils is mainly responsible for settlement of
the roadbed. In comparison, the temperature variation of this warming permafrost layer is found to be less beneath roadbeds
protected by thermosyphons or crushed rock revetments. The installation of thermosyphons into the earthen roadbed is recommended
to prevent the further degradation of the underlying permafrost. 相似文献
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Measuring and analyzing internal dam temperature may provide insight into evaluating the integrity of earthen dams. Temperature in a dam, with the advent of modern distributed temperature sensing (DTS) technique, is conveniently measured. The analysis of the temperature is conducted based on a hydro-thermal coupled analysis technique. In this study, DTS-based temperature data and VS2DHI (a finite difference code for analyzing two-dimensional heat transport in porous media) were used to analyze the hydro-thermal coupled behavior in a dam. The results of this analysis show that the temperature variation in an earthen dam is closely related to seepage conditions. Additionally, a localized high-temperature (26 °C) zone found in the measured data of the dam, which raised concern to engineers on site, is explained through either hot water infiltration into the foundation layer or lower permeability of the foundation layer than the magnitude that appeared in the design document. These findings demonstrate that hydro-thermal coupled analysis has the potential for evaluating the integrity of earthen dams. 相似文献
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长期的风化会使遗址土体劣化,进而威胁到遗址本体的安全,但在自然条件下这一演化过程尚不明确。遗址土体微观结构的变化是该过程的重要体现,研究选取风化条件近似而暴露时间不同的黄土质边坡作为类比对象,采用扫描电镜法（SEM）和压汞法（MIP）分别对表部以及内部土样的微观孔隙结构进行观察和量测。试验结果表明,表部土体微观结构的变化程度大于内部土体,并呈现一定的规律性;与内部土体相比,表部土体的土颗粒排列为致密的叠片状;其孔径分布为双峰模式,团聚体内孔隙占比较大;随着风化时间的增长,表部土体的孔隙总体积和表面分形维数逐渐减小,导致孔壁粗糙程度降低,减小了颗粒间的摩擦,在宏观上容易诱发土体表层的剥离损耗或其他病害。 相似文献
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多圈管冻结法施工已在深厚地层矿井中广泛应用,为了研究多圈管冻结壁温度场发展规律,以淮南某矿为研究对象,利用现场实测数据和FLAC3D软件2种方式对比分析研究多圈管冻结壁温度场发展规律。研究结果表明:冻结壁中圈孔最先开始交圈,其次是外圈孔,最后是内圈孔,测温孔温度和冻结壁平均温度随冻结时间的延长均呈对数关系下降,最终趋于稳定,冻结壁有效厚度在交圈后增长明显,随冻结时间的延长呈对数关系增大,主面和界面温度场曲线在冻结管处近似呈V形发展,主面和界面温度随冻结时间的延长逐渐降低,对比分析验证了冻结壁温度场模型数值模拟的可行性,数值模拟对工程施工具有参考指导价值。 相似文献