共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
石灰岩和砂岩高温力学特性的试验研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
利用自行研制的岩石加温装置和RMT-150C岩石力学试验机, 对石灰岩和砂岩试样高温后的力学特性进行了试验研究。试验结果表明, 随着温度升高, 两种岩石纵波波速逐渐减小。单轴压缩过程中的全程应力应变曲线经历了压密、弹性、屈服、破坏4个阶段; 达到峰值应力后两种岩石均发生脆性破坏, 砂岩破坏时呈锥形炸裂, 而石灰岩则呈草捆状破坏。高温对两种岩石的强度都有一定的弱化作用, 其峰值应力都随温度升高而降低, 石灰岩700 ℃时强度降幅达84.59 %, 而砂岩强度仅比常温降低22 %左右。两种岩石的峰值应变都随温度升高逐渐增大, 但具体表现不尽相同, 石灰岩500 ℃时应变增加了30.57 %, 500 ℃之后峰值应变基本无变化, 甚至到700 ℃时还略有降低; 砂岩700 ℃时峰值应变增加了80.63 %, 其峰值应变的变化与其微观结构变化相关。随着温度升高, 两种岩石的弹性模量和变形模量均减小, 700 ℃时石灰岩弹性模量降幅为86.8 %, 砂岩弹性模量降幅为46.94 %; 700 ℃时石灰岩变形模量下降了83.9 %, 砂岩的变形模量下降了53.06 %。 相似文献
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砂岩受到高温影响后,宏细观性质会发生不同程度的变化,400 ℃ 和1 000 ℃ 是砂岩宏细观性质变化的两个重要节点。为进一步研究升温速率对高温砂岩物理性质、力学特性以及内部微观破裂的影响,以350 ℃和 950 ℃为目标温度,开展了不同升温速率下砂岩的单轴压缩试验,单轴压缩全程采用声发射监测,采用扫描电镜分析了砂岩破坏后的细观形貌。研究结果表明：经不同升温速率处理后,350 ℃砂岩的质量、体积、密度以及纵波波速变化较小;950 ℃砂岩的质量、密度及纵波波速显著降低,体积明显增大,且升温速率越高变化率越小。350 ℃砂岩的应力−应变曲线、应力−体积应变曲线、抗压强度及弹性模量受升温速率的影响较小;950 ℃ 下砂岩试样应力−应变曲线随升温速率的增加向上偏移,抗压强度和弹性模量则先增加后达到恒定。350 ℃ 及 950 ℃砂岩的声发射振铃累计数都有随升温速率增大而减小的趋势,950 ℃ 下升温速率为1 ℃/min 时砂岩的振铃累计数最大,突发性声发射活动区域最多。对不同升温速率砂岩进行扫描电镜分析发现,升温速率对350 ℃ 砂岩的微观形貌影响较小,950
℃ 砂岩试件则会随着升温速率的下降出现微裂纹和微孔隙数量增多、体积扩大的情况。 相似文献
3.
岩石工程可能会经受高温环境。岩石高温后冷却方式的不同往往会导致岩石物理力学性质产生重大变化,这对岩石工程的稳定性、渗透性等都会产生重要影响。采用核磁共振（MRI）、电镜扫描（SEM）和单轴压缩试验对100、300、500、600、800 ℃ 5种不同温度砂岩经两种不同冷却方式（自然冷却和水中冷却）后的孔隙率、孔径分布、峰值强度、峰值应变、应力-应变关系以及微观结构变化等进行研究。试验结果表明：自然冷却时,高温砂岩强度并非随温度升高而持续降低,而水冷却会导致砂岩强度持续降低,且降低幅度远超自然冷却;500 ℃可以看作不同冷却方式对砂岩孔隙率影响的临界值,超过500 ℃,水冷却方式会导致孔隙率急剧增长,大孔径（Ф 10 μm）孔隙所占比例也高于自然冷却,因此,高温砂岩工程采用水冷却方式（如隧道着火后用水灭火）要充分考虑由此可能带来渗透危害;SEM测试表明,当温度 500 ℃时,水冷却对裂纹的增宽和扩展产生促进作用;当温度达到800 ℃时,水冷却砂岩孔洞变大,裂隙更加发育,并贯通连成网络,这会导致透水性大幅提高,同时,这也是该温度水冷却导致强度急剧降低的原因之一。 相似文献
4.
为了揭示循环扰动和高温影响下砂岩的岩爆机制,开展了循环扰动和高温作用下砂岩单轴压缩试验和CT扫描试验,研究了不同条件下砂岩的力学特性、岩爆倾向性及破坏特征,探讨了岩爆倾向性与破坏特征的关系。研究结果表明：循环扰动和高温对砂岩的力学性能及岩爆倾向性影响效果显著;无循环扰动砂岩的单轴抗压强度、弹性模量及岩爆倾向性随温度的升高呈先增加后降低的趋势,200℃为该类砂岩的阈值温度,受循环扰动砂岩的力学特性及岩爆倾向性随温度的上升而降低;而砂岩的力学特性及岩爆倾向性随循环应力幅值增加而下降;随着循环应力幅值和温度的增加,砂岩破坏模式由劈裂破坏向剪切破坏转变,同时砂岩的岩爆倾向性与裂隙三维分形维数呈良好的负相关关系;此外,高温对砂岩的力学性能、岩爆倾向性及破坏程度影响效果强于循环扰动。研究结果可为高温工程岩爆防治提供理论依据和工程参考价值。 相似文献
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石灰岩热膨胀特性试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以石灰岩为研究对象,对其在高温作用下的热膨胀特性进行了试验研究。为弄清产生热膨胀的原因,对高温后石灰岩试件的孔隙率、超声波速和元素组成进行了试验研究。试验结果表明,高温作用下石灰岩将发生热膨胀,热膨胀量与试验时间的关系曲线可分为4个阶段,热膨胀量的大小与试验温度有关且为非线性关联;高温后石灰岩的孔隙率变化总体呈随温度升高而增加趋势,且以500℃为分界温度,分为缓慢增加和急剧增加2个阶段。而超声波速检测表明,高温后试件内超声波传播速度变化规律复杂,呈波浪形;高温后试件组成元素检测表明,试件内主要元素含量发生了较大变化;试件内孔隙、裂隙变化和组成、矿物成分分解是导致试件发生热膨胀的主要原因。 相似文献
6.
《岩土力学》2021,(4)
为研究石灰岩物理和动力学性质受高温作用影响的规律,对常温和经历100～800℃高温作用后石灰岩试件进行物理参数测试,利用SHPB试验装置开展相同加载条件冲击压缩试验。研究结果表明:石灰岩主要矿物成分为方解石和白云石,常温石灰岩结构致密,随作用温度升高,白云石逐渐分解形成微米级颗粒,试件颜色由灰白色逐渐变浅至白色,体积增大,质量、密度和纵波波速减小,且变化速率与作用温度密切相关。不同高温作用后动压缩应力–应变曲线变化规律基本一致;动抗压强度和动弹性模量随作用温度升高表现为先小幅增加后大幅降低,与作用温度呈负相关二次函数关系,200℃时最大;动应变和应变率与作用温度呈正相关二次函数关系;破坏形态表现为由脆性向延脆性破坏转化,200℃时破坏程度最小,随作用温度升高破坏程度加剧、碎块粒径逐渐变小,800℃时碎块基本呈现为粉末状。 相似文献
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开展岩石高温损伤破裂信息识别研究对地热开发和煤炭地下气化等具有重要的指导意义。通过不同高温处理后砂岩在破坏过程中声发射参数RA(上升时间/振幅)和AF(平均频率)值变化,研究高温后砂岩内部不同类型裂纹的发展演化规律。结果表明:砂岩在整个加载过程中以拉张裂纹为主,当加载应力超过峰值应力的80%后,剪切裂纹所占比例迅速增大,可将此作为砂岩发生破坏的前兆;当加热温度超过600℃时,剪切裂纹所占比例上升,超过800℃,剪切裂纹所占比例迅速下降,600℃和800℃可作为砂岩损伤突变的阈值温度;高温后位错塞积现象增多,砂岩塑性特征增强,拉张裂纹所占比例增大。研究成果将对高温作用后岩石破裂失稳前兆信息的识别提供重要的理论基础。 相似文献
10.
通过定义砂岩试样压缩破坏过程的4个阶段模量,对高温（25℃～1 000℃）后砂岩压缩破坏的应力-应变全过程进行定量研究。分析砂岩高温后的模量特征和超声特性,并基于压缩模量定义高温作用后砂岩试样的热损伤因子,对不同温度作用后的砂岩试样进行损伤分析,发现高温后砂岩压缩破坏具有明显的阶段性特征;4个阶段的阶段模量随温度的变化规律各有不同;压密模量与纵波波速具有很强的相关性;基于压密模量定义的高温后砂岩试样热损伤因子避开了基于纵波波速定义方法,未考虑温度对密度和泊松比影响的缺陷,更具科学性;25～200 ℃温度区间内砂岩试样热损伤对温度最敏感。研究成果对高温环境岩石工程具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
11.
为了探讨差应力和温度与岩石熔融程度的关系,利用角闪变粒岩进行高温高压条件下的岩石变形实验。包括差应力条件下的动态实验,围压100 MPa,温度700℃,施加相当于差应力为0~25 MPa,且以每5 MPa为间隔进行天然块状岩石样品的动态熔融;在相同的围压条件下,温度由700 ℃到900 ℃每50 ℃为间隔,进行无差应力条件下天然块状岩石的静态熔融实验,并进行对比研究。结果表明,在相同温度条件下,岩石的熔融程度随着差应力的增加明显增高。通过对斜率的对比分析表明:以700 ℃为基准,差应力每增加5 MPa,其带来的影响与温度升高40 ℃的效果相当,也说明中性岩石的熔融对差应力的敏感程度比酸性岩要高。 相似文献
12.
岩石受热后的强度,变形破坏特性的微观研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对砂岩、灰岩、大理岩在不同温度条件下的单轴抗压强度进行了实验研究,并对岩石在各种温度下结构变化进行了镜下分析,探讨了岩石受热后的破裂机理,定性定量地分析了岩石裂纹随温度变化而发展的规律。研究和分析结果表明:在热应力和外应力的作用下,随着温度增加,砂岩单轴抗压强度有增加的趋势,而灰岩、大理石的强度则有所降低。温度对这几种岩石的变形和破坏特性也有很大影响。 相似文献
13.
本文依据西北某地一次综合性航空遥感试验取得的多光谱图象、热红外扫描图象和微波辐射等遥感资料,结合室内对岩矿测量的反射率、复合介电系数、等效温度等资料,用目视判释法对该区地质问题进行了研究。提出了热红外遥感资料和微波遥感资料对寻找铁和水资源前途,同时对断裂构造的判释也很有意义。 相似文献
14.
Upper Limit for Rheological Strength of Crust in Continental Subduction Zone： Constraints Imposed by Laboratory Experiments 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Zhou Yongsheng State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing China Zhong Dalai Institute of Geology Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China He Changrong State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing China 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2004,15(2):167-174
The transitional pressure of quartz-coesite under the differential stress and highly-strained conditions is far from the pressure of the stable field under the static pressure. Therefore, the effect of the differential stress should be considered when the depth of petrogenesis is estimated about ultrahigh pressure metamorphic (UHPM) rocks. The rheological strength of typical ultrahigh pressure rocks in continental subduction zone was derived from the results of the laboratory experiments. The results indicate the following three points. (1) The rheological strength of gabbro, similar to that of eclogite, is smaller than that of clinopyroxenite on the same condition. (2) The calculated strength of rocks (gabbro, eclogite and clinopyroxenite) related to UHPM decreases by nearly one order of magnitude with the temperature rising by 100 ℃ in the range between 600 and 900 ℃. The calculated strength is far greater than the faulting strength of rocks at 600 ℃, and is in several hundred to more than one thousand mega-pascals at 700-800 ℃, which suggests that those rocks are located in the brittle deformation region at 600 ℃, but are in the semi-brittle to plastic deformation region at 700-800 ℃. Obviously, the 700 ℃ is a brittle-plastic transition boundary. (3) The calculated rheological strength in the localized deformation zone on a higher strain rate condition (1.6×10-12 s-l) is 2-5 times more than that in the distributed deformation zone on a lower strain rate condition (1.6×10-14 s-1). The average rheological stress (1 600 MPa) at the strain rate of 10-12 s-1 stands for the ultimate differential stress of UHPM rocks in the semi-brittle flow field, and the average rheological stress (550-950 MPa) at the strain rate of l0-14 -10-13 s-l stands for the ultimate differential stress of UHPM rocks in the plastic flow field, suggesting that the depth for the formation of UHPM rocks is more than 20-60 km below the depth estimated under static pressure condition due to the effect of the differential stress. 相似文献
15.
Terry Engelder 《Tectonophysics》1979,55(3-4)
Residual strain, a self-equilibrating recoverable strain that remains in rocks even after external forces and moments are removed, is found NNW of the folded Appalachian plateau in the Devonian Onondaga limestone and the Silurian Lockport dolomite and Grimsby sandstone of western New York. This residual strain is manifest upon overcoring by a NNW directed maximum expansion of the limestone and sandstone and a random maximum expansion of the dolomite. Strains, recorded with strain gauge rosettes bonded to outcrops, are as high as 200 με (microstrain). Double overcoring of the sandstone and dolomite relieves smaller strains of the same orientation as the initial overcore. X-ray analysis of the Grimsby sandstone shows that the elastic residual strain locked in quartz grains is characterized by a NE principal extension of 60 με and a 10–30 με NW principal compression oriented 30° counterclockwise from the NNW compression indicated by overcoring. Sonic velocity tests on samples in the lab indicate that Grimsby sandstone is anisotropic with a NNW maximum P-wave velocity of 4.05 km/sec. This anisotropy correlates with the residual strain in Grimsby sandstone. Mechanical twinning of calcite within both the Onondaga limestone and Grimsby sandstone indicates that the rock contains a permanent compressive strain of less than 2% in the NNW direction. The permanent strain becomes progressively smaller in a series of samples from Syracuse to Buffalo, New York. The development of solution cleavage in Onondaga limestone also indicates a NNW compression. No evidence of permanent strain was found in the dolomite. The NNW compression of the limestone and sandstone is normal to the fold axes of the Appalachian foreland fold and thrust belt. This geometric relationship indicates that the residual strain well beyond the outermost Appalachian folds was caused by the same tectonic stresses responsible for folding, the Appalachians during the late Paleozoic. Strain within the Appalachian plateau below the Silurian salt horizon suggests either the presence of a second décollement in, perhaps, Ordovician shales or a general NNW shortening of the crust under the Appalachian plateau. 相似文献
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高温作用会导致岩石内部结构发生变化,并对其热物理性质有着显著影响。因此,研究高温作用后岩石热物理性质的变化规律对地热系统及存在热流传播问题的地下工程具有指导意义。试验利用高温炉和Hot Disk热常数分析仪研究了高温作用后砂岩热物理性质的变化特征。研究表明:砂岩的热导率、比热、热扩散率随温度整体呈下降趋势,可分为25℃~100℃,100℃~400℃,400℃~600℃,600℃~900℃四个阶段;25℃~100℃,砂岩热导率、比热、热扩散率因附着水蒸发急剧减小;100℃~400℃,砂岩热导率、热扩散率变化平缓,比热因含水量的降低减小得较快;400℃~600℃,砂岩中结晶水、结构水的蒸发及石英的相变导致微裂隙发育、延伸,进而引起热导率、比热、热扩散率持续下降;600℃~900℃,砂岩中矿物发生分解、熔融破裂,热破裂进一步增加与扩展,这个阶段内热导率、比热迅速下降,但热扩散率基本稳定。 相似文献
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ABSTRACTIn this study, over 1000 data from the literature was used to characterize and compare the density, strengths, modulus, fracture toughness, porosity and the ultimate shear strengths of the gypsum, limestone and sandstone rocks. The compressive modulus and Mode-1 fracture toughness of the gypsum rock, limestone rock and sandstone rocks varied from 0.7 GPa to 70 GPa, and from 0.03 MPa.m0.5 to 2.6 MPa.m0.5 respectively. Vipulanandan correlation model was effective in relating the modulus of elasticity, fracture toughness with the relevant strengths of the rocks. A new nonlinear Vipulanandan failure criterion was developed to quantify the tensile strength, pure shear (cohesion) strength and to predict the maximum shear strength limit with applied normal stress on the gypsum, limestone and sandstone rocks. The Vipulanandan failure model predicts the maximum shear strength limit was, as the Mohr-Coulomb failure model does not have a limit on the maximum shear strength. With the Vipulanandan failure model based on the available data, the maximum shear strengths predicted for the gypsum, limestone and sandstone rocks were 64 MPa, 114 MPa and 410 MPa respectively. 相似文献
18.
Influence of Loading Rate on Deformability and Compressive Strength of Three Thai Sandstones 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Uniaxial and triaxial compressive strength tests have been performed using a polyaxial load frame to assess the influence
of loading rate on the strength and deformability of three Thai sandstones. The applied axial stresses are controlled at constant
rates of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 10 MPa/s. The confining pressures are maintained constant at 0, 3, 7 and 12 MPa. The sandstone
strengths and elastic moduli tend to increase exponentially with the loading rates. The effects seem to be independent of
the confining pressures. An empirical loading rate dependent formulation of both deformability and shear strength is developed
for the elastic and isotropic rocks. It is based on the assumption of constant distortional strain energy of the rock at failure
under a given mean normal stress. The proposed multiaxial criterion well describes the sandstone strengths within the range
of the loading rates used here. It seems reasonable that the derived loading rate dependent equations for deformability and
shear strength are transferable to similar brittle isotropic intact rocks. 相似文献
19.
西昆仑玛尔坎苏地区晚石炭世发育一套碎屑岩—碳酸盐岩建造,近期研究成果揭示其具有巨大的菱锰矿找矿前景而备受关注。通过对穆呼锰矿含锰岩系剖面测量、薄片鉴定、电子探针、扫描电镜、地球化学分析和碳酸盐岩锶同位素测试,对其进行碎屑岩—碳酸盐岩岩相划分与沉积环境分析。研究结果表明,含锰岩系可以识别出八种碎屑岩—碳酸盐岩岩相:泥灰岩相、砂屑灰岩相、微晶碳酸锰相、微晶—粉晶灰岩相、砾屑灰岩相、含砾砂屑灰岩相、钙质砂岩相、钙质砾岩相和3种岩相组合。结合矿体及其顶底板岩石地球化学和锶同位素特征,指示古海水温度平均22.68 ℃,属于亚热带区。含锰岩系为海水较浅的碎屑滨岸相和浅海陆棚相沉积,矿体顶底板处于海水相对较浅的氧化—弱还原环境,菱锰矿则形成于海水相对较深的浅海陆棚沉积洼地,处于还原沉积环境,与海底火山热液有关。 相似文献