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土体在重力作用下的固结变形历史上大多已经完成,土体内的自重应力场和重力场处于相互平衡状态。以此为初始条件的土工有限元计算,如果直接在模型上施加重力作外载,将产生一个较大固结变形,而这个变形对土体来说是先期完成了的,所以计算会产生不合理的结果。为此,先把初应力作为一种载荷进行理论推导,并据此提出一个如何剔除先期固结变形的方法,即先加重力,通过求解,导出土体自重应力场;然后重新开始分析,把自重应力场当初始应力导入土体单元中,再加重力进行求解,这样就剔除了先期固结变形;最后进行了算例对比分析,证明其是一种合理的方法。 相似文献
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天然沉积结构性土的次固结变形预测方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
结构性土存在着其特有的变形和强度特性,次固结特性也表现出明显区别于与重塑土。通过对连云港天然沉积原状土和重塑土进行一维压缩次固结试验,研究了典型结构性土的次固结特性。试验结果表明,土体由于受结构性影响,结构破坏前后其次固结特性发生明显变化;结构屈服前（固结压力小于固结屈服压力）不发生次固结变形或次固结变形甚微;当土体处于屈服状态时,土体次固结变形突然增大,次固结系数Cα出现峰值;结构屈服后（固结压力大于固结屈服压力）,Cα随固结压力的增大而减小,表现为与当前的应力水平和时间密切相关的特性,应力水平对Cα的影响会随着次固结时间的增长而削弱。基于以上机制,建立了考虑结构性影响的次固结变形计算模型,该模型中Cα不仅与压缩指数Cc有关,且也与时间有关,基于该模型计算得到的Cα值和次固结变形均与试验值吻合较好。 相似文献
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软土在不同应力路径下的力学特性分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过固结不排水剪应力路径试验对广州南沙典型软土在不同固结条件的力学特性进行了系统研究。分析了初始固结状态对软黏土应力路径依赖性的影响,比较了不同应力路径下土的应力-应变关系特征和孔隙水压力变化规律,探讨了孔压分布与土体变形特征的关系,认为侧向卸荷会造成剪应力增加、体应力减小,从而使土体产生剪胀趋势。研究结果还表明,不排水条件下的有效应力路径主要与土样初始固结状态有关,因而同一固结状态下的有效应力路径具有唯一性。另外,试验中的剪切控制方式对有效应力路径有明显影响,但对土体抗剪强度的影响可以忽略。 相似文献
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《岩土力学》2021,(3)
研究了真空预压加固机制,从弹簧模型中总应力及孔隙水压力变化出发,对不同边界条件下真空预压从概念上探讨了竖向和水平向土体固结变形行为。根据边界条件按K0固结和各向等压固结应力路径,分析了在真空排水固结下土体有效应力的变化及变形的发展,并依据修正剑桥模型推导了弹塑性状态下软土的静止土压力系数理论值K0MC。通过在大面积软基加固工程中的应用分析及部分工程案例统计分析,证实该机制的正确性和有效性,并发现土体的变形行为受真空排水边界条件及加固区尺度影响。对于大面积真空预压加固区中部来说,土体有效应力的改变不是各向等量改变,而是按一维压缩改变,经统计分析实际工程应用,当加固区宽度达到加固区深度(竖向排水体深度)4～5倍以上时,其中部可采用一维压缩公式计算沉降。 相似文献
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碎石桩复合地基非线性固结解析解 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过引入土体的e-lgσ和e-lgk对数模型,考虑了土体固结过程中压缩模量非线性增长和渗透系数非线性减小的特征,给出了一种碎石桩复合地基非线性固结解析解,并对复合地基的非线性固结性状进行了分析。结果表明,按应力和按变形定义的两种固结度不相等,按变形定义的固结度一般大于按应力定义的固结度;当压缩指数小于渗透指数时,不考虑土体的非线性特征会低估地基的固结度,而当压缩指数大于渗透指数时,不考虑土体的非线性则会高估地基的固结度;对于按应力定义的固结度来说,当压缩指数小于渗透指数时,随着附加应力的增大,地基固结速度加快,而当压缩指数大于渗透指数时,附加应力增大,地基固结减慢;对于按变形定义的固结度来说,不论压缩指数大于还是小于渗透指数,附加应力增大,地基固结速度总是加快。 相似文献
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假定土体的应力-应变关系满足双曲线模型、渗透系数的降低与压缩系数的减小成正比以及初始有效应力沿深度均匀分布,推导出任意荷载下单层地基的非线性一维固结方程。结合具体的定解条件采用分离变量法求出土体有效应力的通解,并进一步求出超静孔隙水压力、按沉降定义的平均固结度Us以及按孔隙水压力定义的平均固结度Up的通解。根据通解求出梯形低频循环荷载作用下的解,并找出循环荷载作用下土体固结性状的影响因素。基于循环荷载作用下的解,采用FORTRAN语言编制了计算程序,计算并分析考虑土体本构关系非线性时的固结性状,以及反映土体本构特征的参数E和n对固结性状的影响。计算结果表明：①Us稍大于Up;②距排水平面越近,附加有效应力受加载方式的影响越明显,距排水平面越远则相反;③E和n对Us的影响很小,可以忽略不计;④E和n对Up和附加有效应力的影响较大且不容忽略。 相似文献
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循环荷载下黏弹性饱和土层的一维固结 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
针对单层黏弹性地基Merchant模型,运用Laplace变换,求得频域内单层黏弹性地基的一维固结解。通过Laplace逆变换,计算了单层黏弹性地基在任意循环荷载下的有效应力及平均固结度。此外,结合工程实例,研究了Merchant模型各参数对循环荷载下黏弹性地基固结的影响。结果表明,在黏弹性地基的固结过程中,有效应力和沉降的发展速率是不一致的,黏壶的存在使地基固结初期的有效应力增长加快,而使固结后期的有效应力增长减慢,同时使变形的发展滞后于有效应力的发展。研究结果亦表明,循环荷载下土体的固结对独立弹簧模量的变化要比Kelvin体中弹簧模量的变化敏感。 相似文献
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沉积形成的水底黏性泥砂自重固结过程表现出显著非线性大变形固结特征,应采用大变形固结理论进行泥砂沉积固结计算。基于软黏土一维非线性大应变固结理论,应用有效应力、渗透系数与孔隙比间扩展幂次函数固结本构关系,由达西定律、有效应力原理、连续介质方程等建立大变形固结控制方程,根据固结单元孔隙水渗流、单元变形与泥砂沉积层固结沉降耦合关系形成黏性泥砂大变形自重固结数值模型。泥砂自重作为固结荷载,数值模型假定沉积泥砂各向同性且固结沉降应变、孔隙水渗流仅发生于竖直方向,为一维单向沉积固结过程;采用泥砂沉降柱试验确定泥砂非线性扩展幂次函数关系参数。模型应用中,划分竖向固结单元,由沉积泥砂固结本构关系确定各固结单元有效应力及超孔隙水应力,通过超孔隙水应力时间维度上的消散过程及各固结参数间的耦合关系计算泥砂固结沉降。数值模型计算结果表明,沉积黏性泥砂自重固结初期表现为有效应力调整过程,初始有效应力与孔隙比根据固结本构关系匹配调整为扩展幂次函数关系;沉积泥砂应变与应力固结度存在20%左右误差,泥砂固结沉降发展快于超孔隙水应力消散过程,证明沉积泥砂固结沉降变形的发展与超孔隙水应力消散并非同步耦合。计算模型应用于室内沉降柱试验模拟淤积黏性泥砂自重固结沉降预测中,模型输出与试验结果符合良好。 相似文献
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某软土深基坑工程时间效应有限元分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
软土地区的深基坑因土体的固结作用和流变性而具有了时间效应。本文以Biot固结有限元法为基础,用三元件模型中的第一个线性弹簧模拟固结作用,弹性模量考虑了开挖应力路径和应力历史的影响;另外一部分(KELVIN模型)来模拟土体的流变性,以实际变形的反演来得到两个参数的大致取值,再对基坑的变形情况以及进一步开挖进行分析。假定为正常固结饱和粘土,平面应变问题。通过对某饱和软粘土地基深基坑开挖工程实例的分析,得到的挡墙水平位移曲线与实测曲线很吻合,表明程序较好地反映出基坑的时间效应。 相似文献
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载荷试验成果多用于判断土的变形特性和求得土的变形模量、极限荷载等数据。借助卸荷比、回弹比率、再加荷比、再压缩比率等参数对载荷试验成果中的卸荷及再压缩段的变形特征进行分析,发现其发展变化规律与由固结压缩试验得到的规律一致,载荷试验的特点又恰好弥补了固结压缩试验的一些不足,将其成果应用于回弹再压缩变形的计算中是一种有益的探索性研究。结合工程实例,在固结压缩试验数据处理方法的基础上进行合理改进,将载荷试验成果应用于基坑开挖回弹变形与再压缩沉降的计算,计算结果与原有方法的计算结果、工程实测数据对比分析,验证了该种方法的有效性。现有载荷试验数据也有着明显的不足之处,结合变形计算需要,对载荷试验的试验方法提出了改进性意见,为进一步的研究指出了方向。 相似文献
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高速公路的某些地段，土层变形较大，变形历时过长，必须进行路基处理以满足设计要求。在大量现场试验和监测结果的基础,皮肤软土地基变形机理的分析，提出并采用排水固结法的地基处理方案，设计了加压系统和排水系统。加压系统中的第一级荷载和排水井径计算的正确与否是该方法能否成功的关键。 相似文献
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Analysis of large deformation of geomaterials subjected to time‐varying load poses a very difficult problem for the geotechnical profession. Conventional finite element schemes using the updated Lagrangian formulation may suffer from serious numerical difficulties when the deformation of geomaterials is significantly large such that the discretized elements are severely distorted. In this paper, an operator‐split arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) finite element model is proposed for large deformation analysis of a soil mass subjected to either static or dynamic loading, where the soil is modelled as a saturated porous material with solid–fluid coupling and strong material non‐linearity. Each time step of the operator‐split ALE algorithm consists of a Lagrangian step and an Eulerian step. In the Lagrangian step, the equilibrium equation and continuity equation of the saturated soil are solved by the updated Lagrangian method. In the Eulerian step, mesh smoothing is performed for the deformed body and the state variables obtained in the updated Lagrangian step are then transferred to the new mesh system. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed ALE method are verified by comparison of its results with the results produced by an analytical solution for one‐dimensional finite elastic consolidation of a soil column and with the results from the small strain finite element analysis and the updated Lagrangian analysis. Its performance is further illustrated by simulation of a complex problem involving the transient response of an embankment subjected to earthquake loading. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Conceptual data model and method of settlement calculation for deformation and water release from saturated soft soil 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Research on the seepage deformation of saturated soft soil has resulted in many achievements based, mainly, on existing seepage-deformation control equations. In reality, however, these control equations and related parameters suffer from many problems. The conductivity coefficient in the seepage control equation and the consolidation coefficient in the consolidation equation clearly resemble each other in form. However, in existing regulations and practice, soil deformation is rarely calculated by substituting the conductivity coefficient obtained from field hydrogeological experiments for the consolidation coefficient. Similarly, seepage is seldom calculated by substituting the conductivity coefficient with the consolidation coefficient obtained from consolidation experiments. This can be attributed to the fact that the two coefficients have some obvious differences. Moreover, the settlement deformation of soil calculated using the existing seepage and consolidation models does not agree very well with the measured deformation. Also, the values calculated using different models usually deviate markedly. Research indicates that these problems derive from the fact that the seepage and consolidation equations are based on different concepts of elementary volume. This study proposes using two separate elementary volume concepts: deformation elementary volume and control elementary volume. The concepts are adopted for saturated soft soil and the results used to analyze the relationships and differences between the two concepts. Moreover, we developed a conceptual data model (CDM) for the water released from and the deformation of the saturated soil. The model discloses the differences between the consolidation and conductivity coefficients both in their physical significances and magnitudes. The inter-relationship between the two coefficients is also revealed. An analytical solution for the deformation and water released from saturated soft soil is deduced based on the CDM model and the relationship between the hydrogeological and consolidation deformation parameters is established. A physical test model for saturated soft soil under certain conditions is also designed to verify the analytical solution using a method of curve fitting. Seepage and deformation tests and case studies show that the parameters calculated using the consolidation model are in agreement with those obtained from the CDM seepage model based on the measured data for flux and settlement vs. time. Furthermore, the relationship between conductivity and consolidation coefficients is verified. The method suggested in this paper is generally applicable to problems involving the consolidation coefficient, volume compressibility, conductivity coefficient, hydraulic conductivity, and specific storage of saturated soft soil, etc. Thus, its potential applications are numerous. 相似文献
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Deformation effects of porosity variation on soil consolidation caused by groundwater table decline 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Soil consolidation has been widely analyzed using the poroelastic theory. As soil consolidation proceeds, porosity variation leads to the changes in hydraulic conductivity, Young’s modulus, and body force. However, the combined deformation effect of porosity variation on soil consolidation is rarely examined. In this study, a poroelastic consolidation model used to simultaneously consider the changes in hydraulic conductivity, Young’s modulus, and body force was developed to investigate the combined deformation effect of porosity variation on soil consolidation caused by groundwater table decline. The results indicate that the deformation effect of porosity variation on soil consolidation is negligible when the body force number is <0.01. For body force numbers >0.01, soil displacement could be overestimated or underestimated if the combined deformation effect of porosity variation is not completely considered. The misestimation of soil displacement increases as the body force number increases. In addition, the combined deformation effect of porosity variation also affects the transmission of pore water pressure. Therefore, it could be concluded that a reliable analysis of soil consolidation must simultaneously account for the variations in hydraulic conductivity, Young’s modulus, and body force. 相似文献
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利用自行研制的高压固结试验系统,对重塑黏土试样进行了竖向压力从0.25 MPa到12.00 MPa的一维固结试验;并利用三轴设备对该土样进行了0.3～2.5 MPa的等向固结试验。试验结果表明：一维固结试验获得的各级压力固结曲线均有明显的次固结阶段,重塑黏土的次固结系数随竖向压力增大而非线性变化;具体而言,当固结压力小于2 MPa,次固结系数随竖向压力增大而显著减小,当固结压力大于2 MPa后,次固结系数则几乎不变;等向固结试验获得的次固结系数则远小于一维固结试验获得的相应值,其随固结压力的变化规律也与一维固结不同。此外,从微观角度对试验结果进行的分析表明,高压下黏土次固结变形的物理机制不同于低压。即低压下黏土次固结变形的主因是颗粒间的相对滑移,而高压下则是结合水膜的蠕变;而且低压下偏应力对次固结变形有控制性影响,但高压下其影响很小。 相似文献
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为了完善碎石桩复合地基固结理论,通过假设从桩体排出的水量等于流入桩体的水量与桩体体积变化之和以及地基扰动区土体水平渗透系数呈线性变化,并考虑上部荷载逐渐施加,推导了考虑桩体体积变化的碎石桩复合地基超静孔压及固结度解析解。当加载时间趋于零时,本文解可退化为瞬时加载情况下的解;当加载时间及桩径同时趋于零时,本文解可进一步退化为Terzaghi一维固结解,这证明了本文解的正确性。通过与已有解的比较,对地基固结性状进行了分析。结果表明,加载过程对地基固结度影响显著,加载历时越长,固结越慢;在各种条件下,不考虑桩体固结变形时地基固结始终比考虑桩体变形时快,并且其影响随着加载历时变小、桩径比变小、桩土模量比变小、桩土渗透系数变小而逐渐增大,这说明在实际工程固结计算中不考虑桩体固结变形是偏于不安全的。 相似文献