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1.
A Eulerian stochastic method is applied to develop a theory of concentration variance for solute transport in a heterogeneous medium. The study focuses on the effects of kinetic sorption and local dispersion on solute dissipation. Spatial distribution of the concentration variance is obtained by scaling the zero local dispersion form of σc
2. The scaling function resulting from the local dispersion and kinetic sorption is derived in a closed integral form. It satisfies the measurement of total concentration variance resulting from the Eulerian mass balance using spatially integrated concentration moments. The spatially integrated moments bypass the need for classical closures applied to joint moments between concentration and velocity fields. The study results indicate that kinetic sorption reduces the total development of concentration variance in comparison with non-reactive solute transport. Kinetic sorption acts as a reduction mechanism, but not as a dissipating mechanism like the local dispersion. Kinetic sorption and local dispersion are not additive processes and their effects on the concentration variance depend on the stage of transport time. 相似文献
2.
非均质含水层中渗流与溶质运移研究进展简 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Natural aquifer heterogeneity controls the groundwater flow and solute transport, and how to accurately quantify the flow and solute transport in heterogeneous aquifers has received wide attention by many scholars, and has become a hot research topic in earth science. Theoretically, a systematic review is given by the following aspect: flow and solute transport model, moment analysis, multi scale analysis. The resolved and remained issues for scale conversion in hydrogeology research are pointed out. Secondly, recent advances of heterogeneous field test, uncertainty and velocity connectivity are analyzed. Finally, the geophysical inversion of aquifer heterogeneity, stochastic theory and development of stochastic simulation software, scale conversion and uncertainty of velocity connectivity, and the relationship between heterogeneity and hydrogeological condition on the major four aspects of the future research direction is pointed out. 相似文献
3.
为探讨含水层非均质性不同刻画方法对地下水流和溶质运移预测的影响,基于非均质含水层砂箱实验,分别用传统等效均质模型、克立金插值和水力层析刻画含水层渗透系数场,并探讨了先验信息对水力层析结果的影响.将不同方法估算的渗透系数场用以预测地下水流和溶质运移过程,以此判断不同方法估算结果的优劣,分析含水层非均质性对地下水流和溶质运移的影响.结果表明:与克立金插值法相比,水力层析法可以更好地刻画含水层非均质性,较准确地预测地下水流和溶质运移过程;钻孔岩心渗透系数样本值作为先验信息可以提高水力层析法估算结果的精度;传统等效均质模型无法准确预测地下水流和溶质运移过程.含水层非均质性的增强将导致溶质污染羽分布形态和运移路径的空间变异性增强,并且优势通道直接决定溶质的分布及运移路径. 相似文献
4.
Ronggao Qin Yanqing Wu Zengguang Xu Derrick Xie Chi Zhang 《Hydrogeology Journal》2013,21(6):1235-1246
The combined influence of dip angle and adsorption heterogeneity on solute transport mechanisms in heterogeneous media can be understood by performing simulations of steady-state flow and transient transport in a heterogeneous aquifer with dipping anisotropy. Reactive and non-reactive contaminant transport in various types of heterogeneous aquifer is studied by simulations. The hydraulic conductivity (K) of the heterogeneous aquifer is generated by HYDRO_GEN with a Gaussian correlation spectrum. By considering the heterogeneity of the adsorption distribution coefficient (K d), a perfect negative correlation between lnK and lnK d is obtained by using the spherical grains model. The generated K and K d are used as input to groundwater flow and transport models to investigate the effects of dipping sedimentary heterogeneity on contaminant plume evolution. Simulation results showed that the magnitude of the dip angle strongly controls the plume evolution in the studied anisotropic and heterogeneous aquifer. The retarded average pore-water velocity (v/R) of the adsorption model significantly controls the horizontal spreading of the plume. The bottom plume is intensively retarded in the zones between the dipping lenses of lower hydraulic conductivity and the no-flow bottom boundary. The implications of these findings are very important for the management of contaminated heterogeneous aquifers. 相似文献
5.
B. Trček 《Environmental Geology》2008,55(2):269-276
The role of the unsaturated zone in the karst aquifer hydraulic behaviour was brought into focus in these studies of the catchment
of the Hubelj spring (SW Slovenia). The variations of natural tracers in precipitation and in groundwater during a summer
storm event made it possible to trace local flow and solute transport in the observed aquifer. The results produced data on
the aquifer recharge, storage and discharge processes, as well as on mechanisms that affected them, which reflects a karst
groundwater dynamics also at a regional scale. They point out the significance of effects of the fast preferential flow—epiflow
that is the main factor controlling solute/contaminant transport towards the aquifer saturated zone. Numerous arguments indicate
that the karst aquifer flow and solute transport mechanisms depend on the hydraulic behaviour of the epikarst zone. 相似文献
6.
径向弥散是指溶质在径向流场下的迁移规律,被广泛用于描述含水层修复领域中污染物的迁移过程.然而,在现有描述径向弥散的模型中,往往忽略了井内混合效应对溶质径向弥散的影响.建立新的注入井附近溶质径向运移动力学模型,同时考虑井内混合效应与弥散度的尺度效应.采用Laplace变换推导该模型的半解析解,利用Stehfest数值逆变换获取溶质在实数空间的解.通过与不考虑混合效应的模型对比研究混合效应对溶质径向弥散的影响,并利用室内渗流槽中的溶质径向弥散实验数据验证模型的合理性与适用性.结果表明:混合效应和尺度效应对注水井附近溶质径向弥散有显著影响.具体地讲,井内的混合效应越显著,在井壁处及含水层中的穿透曲线越低,溶质浓度达到峰值所需时间越长,与不考虑混合效应模型的差异越明显;随尺度效应的增强,溶质提前穿透且扩散范围变大,溶质浓度达到峰值所需时间越长;与前人的模型相比,本研究模型能更好地模拟注水井附近的溶质径向弥散问题. 相似文献
7.
Sensitivity Analysis of a Combined Groundwater Flow and Solute Transport Model Using Local-Grid Refinement: A Case Study 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Combining groundwater flow models with solute transport models represents a common challenge in groundwater resources assessments and contaminant transport modeling. Groundwater flow models are usually constructed at somewhat larger scales (involving a coarser discretization) to include natural boundary conditions. They are commonly calibrated using observed groundwater levels and flows (if available). The groundwater solute transport models may be constructed at a smaller scale with finer discretization than the flow models in order to accurately delineate the solute source and the modeled target, to capture any heterogeneity that may affect contaminant migration, and to minimize numerical dispersion while still maintaining a reasonable computing time. The solution that is explored here is based on defining a finer grid subdomain within a larger coarser domain. The local-grid refinement (LGR) implemented in the Modular 3D finite-difference ground-water flow model (MODFLOW) code has such a provision to simulate groundwater flow in two nested grids: a higher-resolution sub-grid within a coarse grid. Under the premise that the interface between both models was well defined, a comprehensive sensitivity and uncertainty analysis was performed whereby the effect of a parameter perturbation in a coarser-grid model on transport predictions using a higher-resolution grid was quantified. This approach was tested for a groundwater flow and solute transport analysis in support of a safety evaluation of the future Belgian near-surface radioactive waste disposal facility. Our reference coarse-grid groundwater flow model was coupled with a smaller fine sub-grid model in two different ways. While the reference flow model was calibrated using observed groundwater levels at a scale commensurate with that of the coarse-grid model, the fine sub-grid model was used to run a solute transport simulation quantifying concentrations in a hypothetical well nearby the disposal facility. When LGR coupling was compared to a one-way coupling, LGR was found to provide a smoother flow solution resulting in a more CPU-efficient transport solution. Parameter sensitivities performed with the groundwater flow model resulted in sensitivities at the head observation locations. These sensitivities identified the recharge as the most sensitive parameter, with the hydraulic conductivity of the upper aquifer as the second most sensitive parameter in regard to calculated groundwater heads. Based on one-percent sensitivity maps, the spatial distribution of the observations with the highest sensitivities is slightly different for the upper aquifer hydraulic conductivity than for recharge. Sensitivity analyses were further performed to assess the prediction scaled sensitivities for hypothetical contaminant concentrations using the combined groundwater flow and solute transport models. Including all pertinent parameters into the sensitivity analysis identified the hydraulic conductivity of the upper aquifer as the most sensitive parameter with regard to the prediction of contaminant concentrations. 相似文献
8.
Analysis of contaminant transport through fractured crystalline rocks has received considerable attention, particularly with regard to subsurface nuclear waste repositories. Most of the studies have employed the dual continuum approach, with the fractures and the rock matrix as the two continuums, assuming that fractures control the overall conductivity of the rock and the porous matrix just provides storage. However, field observations of rock fractures have shown that the real situation can be very complex. Based on some recent investigations, it has been reported that the portion of the rock matrix adjacent to many open fractures is physically and chemically altered. These alterations, referred to as the fracture skin, can have different sorption and diffusion properties compared to those of the undisturbed rock matrix and this may influence the transport of solutes through such formations. In the present study, a numerical model is developed to simulate conservative solute transport in a fractured crystalline rock formation using the triple continuum approach ?? with the fracture, fracture skin and the rock matrix as the three continuums. The model is solved using a fully implicit finite difference scheme. Contaminant migration in the fractured formation with and without skin has been simulated. It is observed that contaminant penetration along the fracture is enhanced at large flow velocities. The effect of flow velocity on conservative solute transport is investigated for different fracture apertures and fracture skin thicknesses. The influence of flow velocity on contaminant transport is demonstrated to be more with change in fracture aperture than with change in skin thickness. 相似文献
9.
非平衡-非线性吸附情况下填埋场污染物运移分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
采用Langmuir等温吸附线方程描述非线性吸附性能, 基于改进的混合元方法，通过数值计算与分析，探讨了非平衡吸附条件下污染物运移过程及其机理。计算结果表明: 当考虑非平衡、非线性吸附性能时, 污染物穿透曲线即浓度的时程变化曲线尖锐而狭窄、峰值点前移, “拖长尾”现象不明显, 由此说明，土颗粒对污染物的非平衡、非线性吸附使得污染物的穿透能力增强, 滞留能力下降。进一步的变动参数比较分析表明：Langmuir等温线方程中的参数B、压实粘土衬里的渗透性及地下水渗流速度对污染物运移过程具有显著的影响。 相似文献
10.
目前对潜水含水层地下水潮汐效应和水文地质参数求解方法的研究相对较少.通过对福建古雷半岛滨海潜水含水层地下水潮汐效应和海水潮汐动态的观测, 运用Fourier频谱分析方法确定了研究区海水潮汐波动方程(波动特征参数), 并以此作为地下水的边界条件, 推导了潜水含水层地下水潮汐效应的波动方程, 利用最小二乘法以地下水水位波动观测值为目标函数对潜水含水层的渗透系数与重力给水度的比值进行了反演识别, 为类似地区水文地质参数的确定提供了借鉴, 也为该区后续地下水中溶质迁移规律的研究奠定了基础. 相似文献
11.
12.
岩溶区地下水数值模拟研究进展 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
岩溶含水介质的不均一性导致岩溶地下水流动、溶质运移和热量迁移的数学模拟研究成为地下水模拟的难点。本文综述了岩溶区地下水流模拟的几种方法,重点阐述了等效多孔介质法、双重连续介质法和三重介质法的定义、发展过程和适用范围,并回顾了这几种方法的研究成果。从等效多孔介质法到三重介质法,模拟精度不断提高,适用范围也逐渐由大区域实际问题向小区域理论研究过渡。介绍了溶质运移模拟和热迁移模拟的研究方法及实例。溶质运移模拟以对流弥散方程为基础,其中尺度效应是溶质运移模拟的重点研究问题;热量迁移模拟应考虑地下热水密度变化对地下热水运动的影响。溶质运移模拟和热量迁移模拟往往是将迁移模型和已经调试成功的地下水流动模型相耦合,从而达到模拟溶质及热量迁移的目的。由于溶质运移和热量迁移的复杂性,现阶段水流模型多数处于等效多孔介质模型阶段。综合理论及实际应用,指出精确刻画裂隙及管道和注重基础数学算法是岩溶水数值模拟进步的关键。 相似文献
13.
选择北京平原区水文地质、环境地质等方面都比较典型的沙子营垃圾堆放场,建立了其水文地质模型。在充分收集资料、分析得出部分计算所需参数后,采用现场弥散实验、勘查取样测试等方法,求得了该含水层的弥散系数等参数;用二维非稳定流溶质运移方程对污染物在此含水层中的迁移扩散规律、速度和污染范围等进行了模拟计算;采用现场钻探、取样测试分析等方法,评价了该含水层的实际污染状况。实验模拟计算和现场调查结果表明:污染物在潜水含水层中的运移规律遵循二维非稳定流场中的溶质运移方程,污染物在潜水含水层中的运移速度约为86.25m/a,迁移扩散主要发生在地下水流向上,侧向扩散宽度极小,是地下水流向上的1/17。 相似文献
14.
15.
Application of multiple-point geostatistics on modelling groundwater flow and transport in a cross-bedded aquifer (Belgium) 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Sedimentological processes often result in complex three-dimensional subsurface heterogeneity of hydrogeological parameter values. Variogram-based stochastic approaches are often not able to describe heterogeneity in such complex geological environments. This work shows how multiple-point geostatistics can be applied in a realistic hydrogeological application to determine the impact of complex geological heterogeneity on groundwater flow and transport. The approach is applied to a real aquifer in Belgium that exhibits a complex sedimentary heterogeneity and anisotropy. A training image is constructed based on geological and hydrogeological field data. Multiple-point statistics are borrowed from this training image to simulate hydrofacies occurrence, while intrafacies permeability variability is simulated using conventional variogram-based geostatistical methods. The simulated hydraulic conductivity realizations are used as input to a groundwater flow and transport model to investigate the effect of small-scale sedimentary heterogeneity on contaminant plume migration. Results show that small-scale sedimentary heterogeneity has a significant effect on contaminant transport in the studied aquifer. The uncertainty on the spatial facies distribution and intrafacies hydraulic conductivity distribution results in a significant uncertainty on the calculated concentration distribution. Comparison with standard variogram-based techniques shows that multiple-point geostatistics allow better reproduction of irregularly shaped low-permeability clay drapes that influence solute transport. 相似文献
16.
探讨了将蒙特卡罗(Monte Carlo)方法应用于多尺度非均质含水层中溶质运移模拟的方法。所研究的含水层由两种具有不同渗透系数统计特征的多孔介质所组成,每一种多孔介质是非均质的,且其渗透系数场符合平稳假设,而整个模拟区的渗透系数是非平稳的。Monte Carlo方法要求参数是平稳的,因此,分别对两种多孔介质产生若干随机渗透系数场后,用两种方法进行组合,并进行溶质运移的模拟计算。通过对计算结果的分析,综合考虑计算精度、计算时间等因素,得出了处理多尺度非均质多孔介质中溶质运移问题的较好方法。 相似文献
17.
Three-dimensional density-dependent flow and transport modeling of the Floridan aquifer system, USA shows that current chloride concentrations are not in equilibrium with current sea level and, second, that the geometric configuration of the aquifer has a significant effect on system responses. The modeling shows that hydraulic head equilibrates first, followed by temperatures, and then by chloride concentrations. The model was constructed using a modified version of SUTRA capable of simulating multi-species heat and solute transport, and was compared to pre-development conditions using hydraulic heads, chloride concentrations, and temperatures from 315 observation wells. Three hypothetical, sinusoidal sea-level changes occurring over 100,000 years were used to evaluate how the simulated aquifer responds to sea-level changes. Model results show that hydraulic head responses lag behind sea-level changes only where the Miocene Hawthorn confining unit is thick and represents a significant restriction to flow. Temperatures equilibrate quickly except where the Hawthorn confining unit is thick and the duration of the sea-level event is long (exceeding 30,000 years). Response times for chloride concentrations to equilibrate are shortest near the coastline and where the aquifer is unconfined; in contrast, chloride concentrations do not change significantly over the 100,000-year simulation period where the Hawthorn confining unit is thick. 相似文献
18.
Nitrate concentrations in multi-aquifer systems are heavily affected by the presence of wellbores (active or abandoned) that
are screened in several aquifers. The spatial variability of hydraulic conductivity in the confining layers has also an important
impact on the concentrations. A synthetic three-dimensional flow and transport exercise was carried in a multi-aquifer system
consisting of two aquifers separated by an aquitard in which 100 vertical wellbores had been drilled. To model the wellbores
and the flow and transport connection between aquifers that they may induce, we assign a high vertical hydraulic conductivity
and a low effective porosity to the cell blocks including the wells. With these parameters, a solute will travel quickly from
one aquifer to the other without being stored in the well itself. The wellbores will act as preferential pathways, and the
solute will move quickly between aquifers according to the hydrodynamic conditions. Not considering these preferential pathways
could induce erroneous interpretations of the solute distribution in an aquifer. We also noted that when there are vertical
wellbores that connect aquifers in a multi-aquifer system, low conductivity in the aquitard enhances the flow of solute through
the wellbores. Time-varying pumping rates induce important fluctuations in nitrate concentrations; therefore, any estimate
of the water quality of the aquifer will depend on the moment when the data has been recorded. Consequently, concentration
maps obtained by interpolation of point samples are seldom a good indicator of the chemical status of groundwater bodies;
alternatively, we recommend complementing the usual interpolated maps with numerical models to gain a true understanding of
the spatial distribution of the solute concentration. 相似文献
19.
Tomás Morales-Juberías Martín Olazar Jose María Arandes Pedro Zafra Iñaki Antigüedad Félix Basauri 《Environmental Geology》1997,30(3-4):143-151
A model based on numerical solutions, which allows for solving the dispersion equation under variable recharge and velocity conditions, is developed to simulate solute transport in conduit flow aquifers during flow recession periods. As an example, the evolution of a tracer in the little known karst conduit that links the sinking stream of Oma valley to the Olalde spring is investigated in the karstic region of Santa Eufemia-Ereñozar (Basque Country, Spain). The model, with different hypothetical structures, allows for obtaining series of tracer breakthrough curves, which are fitted to experimental data using an optimization algorithm. These results, although they can be used to simulate the tracer evolution between the two points considered, do not allow for determining the internal structure and spatial disposition of contributions in the aquifer. 相似文献
20.
Determination of groundwater solute transport parameters in finite element modelling using tracer injection and withdrawal testing data 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 Nguyen Van Hoang 《地下水科学与工程》2021,9(4):292-303
The groundwater tracer injection and withdrawal tests are often carried out for the determination of aquifer solute transport parameters. However, the parameter analyses encounter a great difficulty due to the radial flow nature and the variability of the temporal boundary conditions. An adaptive methodology for the determination of groundwater solute transport parameters using tracer injection and withdrawal test data had been developed and illustrated through an actual case. The methodology includes the treatment of the tracer boundary condition at the tracer injection well, the normalization of tracer concentration, the groundwater solute transport finite element modelling and the method of least squares to optimize the parameters. An application of this methodology was carried out in a field test in the South of Hanoi city. The tested aquifer is Pleistocene aquifer, which is a main aquifer and has been providing domestic water supply to the city since the French time. Effective porosity of 0.31, longitudinal dispersivity of 2.2 m, and hydrodynamic dispersion coefficients from D = 220 m2/d right outside the pumping well screen to D =15.8 m2/d right outside the tracer injection well screen have been obtained for the aquifer at the test site. The minimal sum of squares of the differences between the observed and model normalized tracer concentration is 0.00119, which is corresponding to the average absolute difference between observed and model normalized concentrations of 0.035 5 (while 1 is the worst and 0 is the best fit). 相似文献