共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF QBO IN OZONE 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this paper, a two-dimensional primitive equation model, coupling dynamical, radiative andphotochemical processes, is used to simulate the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in ozone. TheQBO in total ozone has been successfully simulated when the forcing of equatorial stratosphericQBO in zonal wind is imposed. The simulated characters of QBO in ozone are in close agreementwith those observed. We further analyzed the mechanism of formation and maintenance of QBO inozone. In the different phases of QBO in equatorial stratospheric wind field, the global circulationhas so great difference that it makes the effects of advection transfer and eddy transfer present aquasi-biennial periodical variation. Chemical effect and dynamical effect are basically out-of-phase.They together form and maintain the QBO in ozone. Total variation rate is a tiny difference of thetwo large amounts. At the lower level of middle-high latitudes, however, it has a phase differenceof about 1-2 months between dynamical and negative chemical effects, where the dynamical effectis comparatively greater. QBO in ozone has no clear counter effects on atmospheric circulation. The experiment resultsshow that the effects of QBO in ozone on temperature field and wind field are very small. 相似文献
2.
Sergei A. Sitnov 《Climate Dynamics》2009,33(5):591-602
On the basis of total column ozone (TO) data obtained in the period of 1957–2007 at 10 ground-based European stations, characterized
by long and highly reliable measurements, the effects of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) and 11-year solar cycle (11-year
SC), manifesting in TO are investigated. The results of comparative analysis of seasonal differences between different QBO/solar
extremes convincingly demonstrate interrelation between the QBO and 11-year SC effects. It is shown that solar activity modulates
the phase of the QBO effect so that the quasi-biennial TO signals during solar maximum and solar minimum are nearly in opposite
phase. It is also demonstrated that isolated under permanent conditions of solar minimum or solar maximum the QBO effects
in TO have the time scale of about 20 months. Solar modulation of the QBO effect makes the QBO a conductor of the solar cycle
impact on TO over Europe. The mechanism of influence of the 11-year SC on the QBO and probably includes its impact on the
QBO amplitude in the equatorial lower stratosphere, mainly through weakening of the equatorial easterlies during solar maximum. 相似文献
3.
Mauro Dall’Amico Lesley J. Gray Karen H. Rosenlof Adam A. Scaife Keith P. Shine Peter A. Stott 《Climate Dynamics》2010,34(2-3):381-398
In most climate simulations used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2007 fourth assessment report, stratospheric processes are only poorly represented. For example, climatological or simple specifications of time-varying ozone concentrations are imposed and the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) of equatorial stratospheric zonal wind is absent. Here we investigate the impact of an improved stratospheric representation using two sets of perturbed simulations with the Hadley Centre coupled ocean atmosphere model HadGEM1 with natural and anthropogenic forcings for the 1979–2003 period. In the first set of simulations, the usual zonal mean ozone climatology with superimposed trends is replaced with a time series of observed zonal mean ozone distributions that includes interannual variability associated with the solar cycle, QBO and volcanic eruptions. In addition to this, the second set of perturbed simulations includes a scheme in which the stratospheric zonal wind in the tropics is relaxed to appropriate zonal mean values obtained from the ERA-40 re-analysis, thus forcing a QBO. Both of these changes are applied strictly to the stratosphere only. The improved ozone field results in an improved simulation of the stepwise temperature transitions observed in the lower stratosphere in the aftermath of the two major recent volcanic eruptions. The contribution of the solar cycle signal in the ozone field to this improved representation of the stepwise cooling is discussed. The improved ozone field and also the QBO result in an improved simulation of observed trends, both globally and at tropical latitudes. The Eulerian upwelling in the lower stratosphere in the equatorial region is enhanced by the improved ozone field and is affected by the QBO relaxation, yet neither induces a significant change in the upwelling trend. 相似文献
4.
太阳活动11年周期对气候系统中准两年振荡的影响(英) 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Hengyi WENG 《大气科学进展》2003,20(2):303-309
用一个有外强迫的、简单的动力系统研究气候系统中的准两年振荡(平均周期长度比两年稍长或稍短的准周期振荡)。结果显示,准两年周期性源于该系统对于受11年周期调制的季节强迫的非线性响应。当系统的非线性固定时,准两年震荡的周期长度和振幅随季节变化的强度和太阳活动11年周期变化的强度而变化。这可能是造成气候中准两年震荡的性质有时空变化的原因之一。 相似文献
5.
O. A. Syrovatkina I. L. Karol A. M. Shalamyanskii L. P. Klyagina 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2008,33(2):91-97
Synoptic analysis of monthly and daily mean total ozone fields is carried out using ground-based (Roshydromet) and TOMS measurements. Large interannual changes in the evolution of the stratospheric polar vortex and the North Pacific anticyclone influence the formation and dynamics of the winter-spring ozone fields in the stratosphere of high northern latitudes. The analysis shows considerable variations in the direction of zonal ozone transport from the sector of ozone inflow from low latitudes and accumulation in the Far East depending on the winter polar stratosphere temperature and the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) phase. In years with the easterly QBO phase and the warm polar stratosphere, ozone at the end of winter is transported to northeastern Canada and Atlantic. In years with the easterly phase and cold polar stratosphere, ozone transport is directed to northern Eurasia. These characteristics will be verified on extensive observational data. 相似文献
6.
平流程准两年振荡(QBO)是赤道平流层(～100-1 hPa)变率的主要模态,可对中高纬地区的环流产生重要影响,但目前利用通用大气环流模式(GCM)对其进行准确模拟仍然是一个挑战.本文利用IAP大气环流模式(IAP-AGCM)的中高层大气模式版本(IAP-AGCML69)对QBO进行模拟,并对其动量收支情况进行分析.研究发现,QBO主要是由对流活动引起的重力波强迫(参数化)引起的,但该动量强迫被平流层赤道上升流所引起的平流过程显著削弱.模式可分辨尺度的波动强迫对赤道上空的QBO的总纬向风倾向有正贡献,在上平流层,其量值大小与参数化的重力波强迫相当.以上结果提供了QBO形成机制以及模式模拟差异可能原因的认识. 相似文献
7.
Mauro Dall’Amico Peter A. Stott Adam A. Scaife Lesley J. Gray Karen H. Rosenlof Alexey Yu. Karpechko 《Climate Dynamics》2010,34(2-3):399-417
An improved stratospheric representation has been included in simulations with the Hadley Centre HadGEM1 coupled ocean atmosphere model with natural and anthropogenic forcings for the period 1979–2003. An improved stratospheric ozone dataset is employed that includes natural variations in ozone as well as the usual anthropogenic trends. In addition, in a second set of simulations the quasi biennial oscillation (QBO) of stratospheric equatorial zonal wind is also imposed using a relaxation towards ERA-40 zonal wind values. The resulting impact on tropospheric variability and trends is described. We show that the modelled cooling rate at the tropopause is enhanced by the improved ozone dataset and this improvement is even more marked when the QBO is also included. The same applies to warming trends in the upper tropical troposphere which are slightly reduced. Our stratospheric improvements produce a significant increase of internal variability but no change in the positive trend of annual mean global mean near-surface temperature. Warming rates are increased significantly over a large portion of the Arctic Ocean. The improved stratospheric representation, especially the QBO relaxation, causes a substantial reduction in near-surface temperature and precipitation response to the El Chichón eruption, especially in the tropical region. The winter increase in the phase of the northern annular mode observed in the aftermath of the two major recent volcanic eruptions is partly captured, especially after the El Chichón eruption. The positive trend in the southern annular mode (SAM) is increased and becomes statistically significant which demonstrates that the observed increase in the SAM is largely subject to internal variability in the stratosphere. The possible inclusion in simulations for future assessments of full ozone chemistry and a gravity wave scheme to internally generate a QBO is discussed. 相似文献
8.
Interannual variability of the winter stratospheric polar vortex in the Northern Hemisphere and their relations to QBO and ENSO 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We investigated the interannual variations of the winter stratospheric polar vortex in this paper.
EOF analysis shows that two modes of variability dominate the stratospheric polar vortex on interannual
timescales. The leading mode (EOF1) reflects the intensity variation of the polar vortex and is characterized
by a geopotential height seesaw between the polar region and the mid-latitudes. The second one (EOF2) exhibits
variation in the zonal asymmetric part of the polar vortex, which mainly describes the stationary planetary
wave activity. As the strongest interannual variation signal in the atmosphere, the QBO has been shown to
influence mainly the strength of the polar vortex. On the other hand, the ENSO cycle, as the strongest
interannual variation signal in the ocean, has been shown to be mainly associated with the variation of
stationary planetary wave activity in the stratosphere. Possible influences of the stratospheric polar
vortex on the tropospheric circulation are also discussed in this paper. 相似文献
9.
1.IntroductionThelow~frequencyoscillation(LFO)isaveryimPOrtantweatherphenomenonintheatmosphere.The30--50--dayandquasichiweeklyoscillationsinthetropicalatmospherearemostintensivelystudied,andcomParativelyspeaking,anotherkindofLFOconcernillgtheQBOofthestratosphericzonalwindsismuchlessstudied,which,althoughoccurringinthestratosphere,bearsacloserelationtothetroposphericactivitiesandtheevolutionoflow--latitudecirculationssothatitisworthwhiletoexploreindepththephysicalmechanismfortheQBOoccurre… 相似文献
10.
利用2005~2014年10年的卫星微波临边探测仪（MLS）资料分析了热带平流层一氧化碳（CO）体积混合比的年际变率,发现热带平流层CO浓度的准两年振荡（QBO）在30 hPa高度附近存在明显的位相变化特征。大气化学气候模式模拟结果表明,热带平流层CO的准两年振荡信号是化学和动力过程共同作用的结果,而动力作用主要是QBO引起的次级经向环流引起的物质传输。化学和动力过程共同作用导致热带平流层CO浓度的垂直梯度在30 hPa高度处发生反转,进而产生一氧化碳QBO信号的位相变化。此外,化学气候模式模拟结果还表明,与CO有关的化学过程不但可以减弱一氧化碳QBO信号的振幅,还可以在热带30~10 hPa高度范围内造成一氧化碳QBO和纬向风QBO信号之间约3个月的时间差。 相似文献
11.
1. IntroductionOzone is one of the trace gases in the atmosphere distributed in 10--50 km altitude withthe maximum in 20--28 km. Ozone is significant in the following three aspects impacting theclimate and environment: 1) Ozone absorbs harmful solar ultra--violet radiation for protecting the ecological system on the Earth; 2) ozone heats the stratosphere and forces the circulation systems in this layer; 3) ozone variation in the stratosphere can change the incomingradiation at the surface leve… 相似文献
12.
Analysis has been implemented of 1970-1992 tropical Pacific wind stress anomaly and sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) datasets, indicating that quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) of the tropical Pacific WS and SSTA is featured both by a standing and a progressive form, the former emerging in the most intense centers of action and the latter travelling east- or west-ward out of the SSTA sources. Results show that the SSTA is in the warm (cold) phase as zonal component of euqatorial wind stress anomaly gets weakened (reinforced) and the QBO of wind stress anomaly is well related to the El Nino cycle. 相似文献
13.
The stratospheric polar vortex strengthening from late winter to spring plays a crucial role in polar ozone depletion. The Arctic polar vortex reaches its peak intensity in mid-winter, whereas the Antarctic vortex usually strengthens in early spring. As a result, the strong ozone depletion is observed every year over the Antarctic, while over the Arctic short-term ozone loss occasionally occurs in late winter or early spring. However, the cause of such a difference in the life cycles of the Arctic and Antarctic polar vortices is still not completely clear. Based on the ERA-Interim reanalysis data, we show a high agreement between the seasonal variations of temperature in the subtropical lower stratosphere and zonal wind in the subpolar and polar lower stratosphere in the Southern Hemisphere. Thus, the spring strengthening of the Antarctic polar vortex can occur due to the seasonal temperature increase in the subtropical lower stratosphere in this period. 相似文献
14.
15.
Observations have shown that the monsoon is a highly variable phenomenon of the tropical troposphere, which exhibits significant variance in the temporal range of two to three years. The reason for this specific interannual variability has not yet been identified unequivocally. Observational analyses have also shown that EI Niño indices or western Pacific SSTs exhibit some power in the two to three year period range and therefore it was suggested that an ocean-atmosphere interaction could excite and support such a cycle. Similar mechanisms include land-surface-atmosphere interaction as a possible driving mechanism. A rather different explanation could be provided by a forcing mechanism based on the quasi-biennial oscillation of the zonal wind in the lower equatorial stratosphere (QBO). The QBO is a phenomenon driven by equatorial waves with periods of some days which are excited in the troposphere. Provided that the monsoon circulation reacts to the modulation of tropopause conditions as forced by the QBO, this could explain monsoon variability in the quasi-biennial window. The possibility of a QBO-driven monsoon variability is investigated in this study in a number of general circulation model experiments where the QBO is assimilated to externally controlled phase states. These experiments show that the boreal summer monsoon is significantly influenced by the QBO. A QBO westerly phase implies less precipitation in the western Pacific, but more in India, in agreement with observations. The austral summer monsoon is exposed to similar but weaker mechanisms and the precipitation does not change significantly. 相似文献
16.
Summary Climatic determinants of summer (Nov-Mar) rainfall over southern Africa are investigated through analysis of sea surface temperatures (SST), outgoing longwage radiation (OLR) and tropospheric wind with respect to the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and the stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO). Index-to-field correlation maps are presented at various lags for the austral spring and summer seasons to establish the spatial dependence and evolution of coherent, statistically significant features. The SOI signal is reflected in upper-level zonal wind anomalies over the equatorial Atlantic Ocean during spring. SSTs in the central Indian Ocean are significantly negatively correlated with the SOI in summer. On the other hand, OLR correlations are weak over southern Africa in the summer, implying that the SOI signal may not dominate interannual convective variability.QBO correlations with SST are relatively weak, but with 200 hPa zonal winds over the western equatorial Ocean, positive correlations are noted. A standing wave pattern is described in the sub-tropics. The OLR correlation pattern represents a dipole with increased convection over eastern and southern Africa in contrast to reduced convection over Madagascar when the QBO is in west phase.Contingency analyses indicate that the global indices are unreliable predictors in isolation. However the characteristics and domain of influence of SOI and QBO signals are identified and may offer useful inputs to objective multivariate models for different modes of southern African rainfall variability.With 12 Figures 相似文献
17.
中部型ENSO和平流层准两年振荡对冬季北半球平流层臭氧的联合调制作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用观测和再分析资料通过合成分析方法,研究了中部型ENSO和平流层准两年振荡（QBO）对冬季北半球平流层臭氧的独立影响和联合调制作用。研究表明,北半球平流层臭氧在中部型厄尔尼诺年增加,而在中部型拉尼娜年减少;准两年振荡东风位相年份,北半球平流层臭氧增加,准两年振荡西风位相结果则相反。相比之下,北半球中、高纬度平流层臭氧异常对准两年振荡活动的响应明显小于其对ENSO活动的响应。进一步研究发现,准两年振荡东风位相会加强中部型厄尔尼诺事件引起的北半球平流层臭氧的增加,而减弱中部型拉尼娜事件造成的平流层臭氧的减少。在准两年振荡西风位相下,中部型厄尔尼诺事件仅导致北半球平流层臭氧含量少量升高,而中部型拉尼娜事件期间臭氧会大幅度减少。因此,准两年振荡东风位相会加强中部型厄尔尼诺事件对北半球平流层臭氧的影响,而减弱中部型拉尼娜事件对北半球平流层臭氧的影响。准两年振荡西风位相会减弱中部型厄尔尼诺而加强中部型拉尼娜事件对北半球平流层臭氧的影响。 相似文献
18.
BCC_AGCM2.1模式对平流层环流变化特征的数值模拟及其模式评估 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
使用国家气候中心大气环流模式BCC_AGCM2.1的30年模拟试验资料,对平流层纬向环流场、高空急流、极涡及爆发性增温过程进行了数值模拟研究,并使用欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECMWF）和美国国家环境预报中心（NCEP）的再分析资料对模式输出结果进行了对比、分析。结果表明：（1） 在观测海温、二氧化碳、气溶胶等外强迫地驱动下,BCC模式能够很好地再现出与再分析资料一致的平流层纬向平均风场、温度场的分布特征和季节变化过程;模拟得到的温度廓线和高空急流与再分析资料的主要差别出现在南、北半球冬季的中高纬度地区;模拟得到的平流层温度普遍偏低,主要的差异位于对流层顶区域和平流层高层。（2） 模拟的对流层上层的副热带急流位置偏南、强度也偏弱,而平流层中的绕极极夜急流则位置偏北、强度更大。这样的急流分布特征使模拟的行星波向赤道的波导更强,向极的波导偏弱;同时由于模式中本身可以形成的行星波就比再分析资料弱,因此导致模拟结果中北半球冬季的平流层极涡更加稳定、极区温度更低。（3） BCC模式对于平流层极涡的季节变化特征模拟得较好,但对强极涡扰动过程,即北半球冬季的平流层爆发性增温（SSW）事件则模拟效果不佳,不论是增温事件出现的频率,还是增温的时间、强度,模拟结果和再分析资料都还存在一定偏差,需要在今后的工作中逐步改善。 相似文献
19.
Researchers have paid much attention to the influence of the tropical zonal wind quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) on tropical methane, while generally ignoring the change in extra-tropical methane. The present study analyzed the interannual changes in the methane mixing ratio in extra-tropics of both the Southern Hemisphere (SH) and Northern Hemisphere (NH) using Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) satellite data. The results show that interannual changes in extra-tropical methane exhibit QBO features in both hemispheres that are obviously different from those in the tropics. The extra-tropical methane QBO perturbations usually occur in two layers and are longitudinally asymmetrical about the equator. The amplitude of the methane QBO disturbance in the extra-tropics is smaller than that in the tropics from 10 to 1 hPa but much larger in the layer from 30 to 10 hPa. The interannual relative changes in the methane mixing ratio are similar in both the NH extra-tropics and the tropics in the middle and upper stratosphere. Using the National Center for Atmospheric Research two-dimensional, interactive chemical dynamical radiative model (SOCRATES), simulation was conducted to investigate the mechanism of the extra-tropical methane QBO. The results indicate that the tropical stratospheric zonal wind QBO results in the QBO of the induced residual circulation. It is the transport of methane by the induced residual circulation that causes the methane QBO in the extra-tropics. The induced residual circulations in the middle and upper stratosphere are not always longitudinally symmetrical about the equator, resulting in different distribution of the methane QBO in the SH and NH extra-tropics. 相似文献
20.
准两年振荡及其对东亚大气环流和气候的影响 总被引：13，自引：6，他引：13
通过多年资料分析,本文研究了平流层准两年振荡(QBO)的演变特征及其对东亚及西太平洋地区大气环流和气候变化的影响.结果表明,平流层QBO的演变特征是:东风向西风转换最早出现在印度洋赤道地区;西风向东风转换最早出现在美洲和西太平洋赤道地区.中国东部降水量、气温以及西太平洋副高和东亚急流都有准两年周期变化,并同平流层QBO有密切关系;平流层QBO对西太平洋台风活动也有一定影响,QBO的西风位相期西太平洋台风偏少.另外,ENSO对于平流层QBO有明显影响,一般在ENSO发生之后,QBO的西风位相期持续时间缩短. 相似文献