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1.
太湖流域宜溧河地区水体水质状况及营养状态评价 总被引：22，自引：5，他引：17
宜溧河流域是太湖的主要集水流域,流域水体的水质状况及营养状态与太湖的水质状况与营养状态密切相关,本研究根据2000年12月14-15日以及2001年4月18-19日两次大规模的水质同步监测结果,对流域平原河网地区水体的水质状况及营养状态进行了系统综合的评价,评价结果表明：不管是平水期还是枯水期,河网水体的水质状况都较差,营养水平较高;在枯水期间,受多种因素的综合影响,水体的水质状况呈现恶化趋势,营养盐含量也有所升高。 相似文献
2.
一种水污染的综合控制模型 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文将水质预测及水污染控制措施有机地结合,选取水环境容量和污染指数作为水污染控制的参数,这样,一给对流－扩散水质方程的求解除就是实现本研究目的的关键,本研究彩和的模型在现有的水质模型基础上有所改进,因为其采用四点隐格式对水质进行预测,推求可接给污染物的环境容量值有为保证水质而陷定的污染物浓度值,从而制定相应的水污染控制措施,为整体考虑各种污染物的情况,建议彩和河流的污染指数进而推求综合污染指数,总之,本研究为水质保护提供了科学的计算方法,该法对水污染及污水对河道水质的影响是实用有效的。 相似文献
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The development history of the accounting system of water supply in the USSR is presented. Various statistical abstracts of 1970–1998 on the water supply in the Russian Federation are analyzed. Reference data are shown to be in need of correction. The dynamics of waste, mine, and drain water disposal are considered. The change in water quality is shown to be inadequate to the reduction in the discharge of pollutants. 相似文献
5.
This report on a seminar of the Water Research Institute in Prague deals with the methodological aspects of the measurement and evaluation of data for the water quality in impoundments in the CSSR mainly with respect to: the assessment of external causes, especially of anthropogenic influences in the catchment area, on the water quality (eutrophication, humic substances, trace elements), of the multi-purpose utilization of impoundments, the classification and development of the water quality in impoundments, the intensified utilization of impoundments as well as the influences of sediments and the effect of piscicultural measures on the water quality. The paper is subdivided into the following chapters: system of measurement network and analysis, stratification number of samples, number of the criteria to be investigated, extreme periods of discharge, multi-purpose utilization of impoundments, eutrophication, fish stocks. 相似文献
6.
通过航片判读,湖泊成因和流域社会经济环境的分析,利用自然地域区块为基础,应用图件叠加法,Ｑ值评价法,环境发展－治理的评价法及质聚类评价法等综合分析,将鉴湖水域划分为四个环境功能区,所划分的功能区成功地应用于鉴湖环境容量和水质规划,并被绍兴环保局在管理上推广应用。 相似文献
7.
Models for predicting river water quality could assist protection and utilization of water resources under alternative management strategies. The model of the water quality characteristics of the Danube is based on an ecosystem approach. Considered are all waste water discharges and inflow of tributaries among the catchment area. The identification of model parameters is realized according to the method of integral transformation. For the performance of the model a computer program was elaborated. It is applied in predicting the water quality of the Danube considering almost 20 indicators for the abiotic and biotic parameters of river ecosystem. 相似文献
8.
Lake Taihu, the third largest fresh water lake in China, with a surface area of 2 338 km2, is located in the Changjiang River Delta, the most advanced economic zone in China. During the last two decades, the rapid economic development of local agriculture and industry both in the urban and rural areas of the region has made great advances. Great quantieis of pollutants have been discharged into the lake, its nutrient content has increased continuously, and phytoplankton blooms have occurred in some areas. Water quality protection in Lake Taihu is very important because of its close relation with economical development and people''s daily life. It is urgent to have comprehensive pollution control in Lake Taihu. Based on water quality monitoring data in Lake Taihu from 1987 to 1994, the dynamic variations of water quality and eutrophication trends have been analyzed, showing obvious spatial and temporal variations. The main water quality factors were compared with the standard for drinking water and indicate considerable change with the seasons. Some basic strategies to protect water quality and prevent eutrophication are discussed. 相似文献
9.
This work intends to monitor and assess the current water quality conditions at King Talal Dam (KTD), Jordan, based on vertical profiles and longitudinal surveys. While the surface distribution of water quality parameters in KTD varied spatially, their variations showed no distinct trends. Lateral and horizontal variations in water quality in KTD are probably linked with photosynthesis, sampling period, closeness to Zarqa River and Wadi Rmemeen, and water depths, among other factors. The vast majority of water quality parameters in KTD dammed reservoir showed vertical profiles that either decrease slightly with increasing depth from the surface (temperature and dissolved oxygen) or remain relatively unchanged (major ions, trace elements). These results suggest that water has probably been vertically mixed. Data also demonstrated rock weathering as a dominant process governing the water chemistry of KTD reservoir water. Based on chlorophyll- a classification of Forsberg and Ryding [19], KTD reservoir is in a mesotrophic-eutrophic condition. Evaluation of water quality for irrigation use revealed that KTD reservoir water is suitable for irrigation purposes, except for Na% and total hardness. 相似文献
10.
Jim C. Loftis Jane Harris Robert H. Montgomery 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》1987,7(1):72-76
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (PL 94–580) and related federal and state legislation have mandated routine monitoring of ground water quality at regulated facilities. The objective of the required monitoring activities is detection of adverse changes in ground water quality caused by the facilities.
Both failure to detect pollution and an incorrect determination of pollution can be very expensive. It is crucial, therefore, that monitoring programs be designed and operated to provide statistically sound information. It is equally important that users of ground water quality data understand the nature and limitations of information from monitoring.
To address the preceding issues, the authors present a general approach to analyzing ground water quality data in light of the stated monitoring objective. The suggested approach accounts for "natural" variation in background water quality through pairing of observations. The limitations of quarterly sampling for detecting small changes in quality over a short time frame are discussed. 相似文献
Both failure to detect pollution and an incorrect determination of pollution can be very expensive. It is crucial, therefore, that monitoring programs be designed and operated to provide statistically sound information. It is equally important that users of ground water quality data understand the nature and limitations of information from monitoring.
To address the preceding issues, the authors present a general approach to analyzing ground water quality data in light of the stated monitoring objective. The suggested approach accounts for "natural" variation in background water quality through pairing of observations. The limitations of quarterly sampling for detecting small changes in quality over a short time frame are discussed. 相似文献
11.
2005-2014年乌梁素海湖泊水质变化特征 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
为了确定乌梁素海湖泊水质变化特征,选取乌梁素海2005-2014年6-9月长序列的水质实测数据,分析溶解氧、化学需氧量、总氮、总磷及氟化物的年际变化特征.采用灰色模式识别模型对乌梁素海2005-2014年的水质进行评价,并结合乌梁素海的实际状况,从外源污染、入湖污染物负荷量及入湖水量3个方面对其水质变化的影响因素进行分析.结果表明：2005-2014年间,水质状况转好;除总磷外,各污染指标浓度均有不同程度的下降;灰色综合指数表明乌梁素海水质正向良性方向发展;总磷治理应成为乌梁素海污染治理的主要方面;外源污染的削减、入湖污染物负荷量的降低及入湖水量的增加是乌梁素海水质转好的主要影响因素. 相似文献
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An assessment of water quality measurements during a long‐lasting low water period in the Elbe River is presented. Weekly samples were taken from May to December 2003 at a sampling site in the middle part of the Elbe River. For multivariate data analysis, 34 parameters of 46 samplings were considered. As a result of this analysis, 78% of the variance of the data set is explained by five factors. They can be assigned to the following latent variables: season (37.5%) > tributaries (12.7%) > re‐suspension (10.4%) > discharge (9.4%) > complexation (8.5%). For the investigated sampling site, two key processes were identified as dominating factors on the water quality during low water conditions. First, seasonal phytoplankton development caused changes in redox conditions with consequences for re‐solution of pollutants from sediments. Second, tributaries have a higher impact on the main stream, due to changes in mixing processes. Therefore, in addition to flood investigations, monitoring strategies, and management plans should be developed in order to survey changes in water quality during low water conditions. 相似文献
13.
To improve the water quality in a limited area has instant and actual importance, especially in the regions where the surface water system was polluted widely and the water quality of the system could not be improved effectively in a short term. The technology for improving the water quality in a local area was been developing in Taihu Lake Basin since 1991. 相似文献
14.
太湖流域水资源供需矛盾主要体现为"水质型缺水"问题,如何对"水质型缺水"进行定量描述,在太湖流域是一个难题.本文提出了"分质水资源量"的概念,以流域水资源四级分区为单元,以分区水质监测资料结合水资源量进行分析,分别统计分区分质水资源量.分析表明:太湖流域142×108 m3的地表水资源量中,Ⅲ类以上的适合于饮用水源和一般工业用水的优质水为35.8×108 m3,占25.2%;适合于电力冷却用水、农业灌溉的Ⅳ-Ⅴ类水为46.4×108 m3,占32.6%;不可利用的劣Ⅴ类水有59.9×108 m3,占42.2%.流域内优于Ⅴ类(含Ⅴ类)的地表水资源量为82.2×108 m3,占地表水总资源量的57.8%.而浅层地下水己基本被污染.需要指出,Ⅰ-Ⅲ类优质水虽仍有35.8×108 m3,但目前流域内对Ⅰ-Ⅲ类水的需求量己达60.6×108 m3,如将此两数对比,则优质水缺额为24.8×108 m3,但实际上,优质水的需求主要集中在流域中下游,而可供优质水水源则主要集中在流域上游地区山区水库和中游太湖湖心区、东部湖区和太浦河,供需两者的空间分布有较大出入,因此优质水资源缺额将更大,由此可见太湖流域水质型缺水形势十分严峻. 相似文献
15.
应用MODIS遥感数据监测巢湖水质 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：17
以巢湖为研究对象,对MODIS的各个波段辐射率与水质参数叶绿素a浓度、悬浮物浓度和透明度进行拟合,分析了MODIS各个波段辐射率的拟合在监测大型内陆湖泊水质中的可行性.结果表明:MODIS波段辐射率的组合能与巢湖水质参数进行较好的匹配,MODIS波段1—4和10—11对于监测巢湖中叶绿素a浓度、悬浮物浓度和透明度有重要意义. 相似文献
16.
非点源污染对太湖上游西苕溪流域水环境的影响 总被引：14，自引：3，他引：11
水资源短缺是全球性关注的问题,水质恶化更加剧了这一问题的严重性,定量研究水质变化及其影响凶素可为治理水环境提供基础依据．与实测数据及综合污染指数的对比表明,水质指数能够合理反映水质的变化程度和时空变化趋势．利用西苕溪流域1996-2000年水质监测数据的研究结果如下：西苕溪流域水质的空间变化趋势是自上游至下游逐渐恶化,时间变化的总体趋势是逐年转好;点污染源得到有效控制年份(1999年)的水质指数比以前年份(1996-1998年)有所提高但幅度不大,说明非点源污染是影响西苕溪流域水质的重要因素;流域水污染的主要形式是氮、磷污染,其主要非点源是农田、经济竹林和城镇径流及居民生活污水等． 相似文献
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The Paul do Boquilobo is an important wetland ecosystem classified by Unesco as a MAB Biosphere reserve also awarded Ramsar site status, representing one of the most important habitats for the resident nesting colony of Cattle Egret (Bulbucus ibis). Yet owing to its location, it suffers from human induced impacts which include industrial and domestic effluent discharges as well as agricultural land use which have negatively impacted water quality. The current study reports the results obtained from the introductory monitoring programme of surface water quality in the Nature Reserve to emphasize the detrimental impact of the anthropogenic activities in the water quality of such an important ecosystem. The study involved physicochemical and biotic variables, microbial parameters and biological indicators. Results after 3 years of monitoring bring to evidence a poor water quality further impaired by seasonal patterns. Statistical analysis of data attributed water quality variation to 3 main parameters – pH, dissolved oxygen and nitrates, indicating heavy contamination loads from both organic and agricultural sources. Seasonality plays a role in water flow and climatic conditions, where sampling sites presented variable water quality data, suggesting a depurative function of the wetland. 相似文献
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太湖流域水环境变化及缘由分析 总被引：50，自引：12，他引：38
太湖水环境质量在最近的十年中下降1－2个等级,1990年86．5％的水体为Ⅱ、Ⅲ类,到2000年太湖水体87％Ⅳ类;1990年太湖水体为中－富营养化,2000年太湖水体以富营养化为主,本文通过分析经济社会发展和水环境变化,认为太湖流域工业化与城市化及居民生活水平的提高,吧及不合理的农业生产方式,使水环境面临巨大的压力,环保意识落后、治理能力不足、管理体制不合理是太湖目前水环境恶化的根本原因。 相似文献
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Sub-Saharan Africa faces significant challenges in dealing with ground water pollution. These countries can look to successes and missteps on other continents to help choose their own individual paths to ensuring reliable and clean supplies of ground water. In the large view, sub-Saharan Africa can define specific levels of acceptable risk in water quality that drive cleanup efforts and are amenable to acceptance across national and geographic boundaries. Ground water quality databases must be expanded, and data must be available in an electronic form that is flexible, expandable, and uniform, and that can be used over wide geographic areas. Guidance from other continents is available on well construction, sampling and monitoring, interim remediation, technical impracticability, monitored natural attenuation, and many specific issues such as how to deal with small waste generators and septic contamination of water supply wells. It is important to establish a common African view on the appropriateness of other nations’ ground water quality guidance for African issues, economic conditions, and community circumstances. Establishing numerical, concentration-based, water quality action levels for pollutants in ground water, which many neighboring African nations could hold comparable, would set the stage for risk-based remediation of contaminated sites. Efforts to gain public, grass-roots understanding and support for stable and balanced enforcement of standards are also key. Finally, effective capacity building in the region could be an eventual solution to ground water quality problems; with increased numbers of trained environmental professionals, ground water throughout the region can be protected and contaminated sites cleaned up. 相似文献
20.
Samaneh Abdeveis Sedghi Hossein Hassonizadeh Houshang Babazadeh Hossein 《Water Resources》2020,47(5):892-903
Water Resources - Dez River in Iran is a long river and has generally good-quality water. Unfortunately, in this river water quality has decreased over recent years due to drought, industrial and... 相似文献