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1.
Chenghao Zhong Qingchun Yang Hongyun Ma Jianmin Bian Sihong Zhang Xiaoguang Lu 《水文研究》2019,33(16):2166-2173
The accurate understanding of groundwater circulation pattern and its renewable capacity is vital for groundwater resource assessment and the rational exploitation and utilization of groundwater. Estimation of groundwater recharge is difficult in arid or semiarid area due to the low amount and variability of recharge. A combination of isotope investigation with hybrid model allows a direct calculation of renewability of the aquifer. In this paper, the phreatic water circulation pattern and its renewable capacity of phreatic water in Yinchuan Basin, a semiarid area located at the northwest China, are investigated by the application of environmental isotope method, which mainly focusses on the isotope characteristics of different water bodies, phreatic water isotope age, phreatic water circulation pattern, and phreatic water renewal rate. The results demonstrate that the two dominant recharge sources of groundwater in Yinchuan Basin, local atmospheric precipitation and Yellow River, account for 13% and 87%, respectively. The average residence time of phreatic water in Yinchuan Basin is about 48 years, and the average renewal rate is 3.38%/a. The results indicate that the phreatic water has a strong renewable capacity and the regeneration rate distribution is consistent with that indicated by isotope age. 相似文献
2.
《Water Policy》2001,3(5):387-403
The paper analyses the water scarcity problems in Gujarat in Western India using definitions of water scarcity propounded by Falkenmark, and Raskin and others, and a more universal definition based on supply and demand. While a lion's share of the scarce water goes for irrigating cash crops at the cost of subsistence farming and rural drinking, the pricing of canal water and electricity used for groundwater pumping is highly inefficient and inequitable. To manage demands for water, the paper suggests the use of water market as the institutional arrangement for promoting economically efficient uses, along with rational pricing of canal water and electricity for encouraging conservation. The paper advocates policies that enable: reforms in the governance and management of water for decentralisation and local institutional development; and increased investment in the irrigation and power supply sector for technological innovations and improvements in infrastructure, which are the fountainhead of the demand management strategy. 相似文献
3.
地下水逸出氡和溶解氡观测系统的合理设计 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文依据大量观测事实并参考前人所做的工作,对地下水中逸出氡和溶解氡观测系统合理设计进行了深入细致的分析和讨论。研究结果表明,观测系统设计中应注意的主要问题是观测井口装置中主支管空间位置的合理设计、逸出气“集气腔”的大小以及气体(包括自由气体和逸出气体)与液体的分离程度等。根据上述几点并结合井孔自身的不同条件,本文设计出了两种比较合理的井口装置模型,该模型的设计对今后逸出氡和溶解氡观测系统的改造和完善具有现实意义。 相似文献
4.
Environmental capacity of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutions in Jiaozhou Bay, China: modeling and assessing 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In recent years, with the development of society and economy of Qingdao, environment and ecosystem problems, for instance, red ties, become more and more serious in Jiaozhou Bay, China, because of the increasing pollutants discharged into it. In order to solve these problems, an eco-hydrodynamic model is constructed to estimate the marine environmental capacity of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in Jiaozhou Bay, whose simulation results are rational for the bay. According to the model, if the target is set to achieve water quality (grade II) in Jiaozhou Bay, the environmental capacity of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus in one year are approximately 7800 and 840 tons, respectively. Thus our research offers necessary scientific foundation to the total loads control efforts in this area. 相似文献
5.
Comprehensive studies on the spatial distribution, water quality, recharge source, and hydrochemical evolution of regional groundwater form the foundation of rational utilization of groundwater resources. In this study, we investigated the water levels, hydrochemistry, and stable isotope composition of groundwater in the vicinity of the Qinghai Lake in China to reveal its recharge sources, hydrochemical evolution, and water quality. The level of groundwater relative to the level of water in the Qinghai Lake ranged from −1.27 to 122.91 m, indicating most of the groundwater to be flowing into the lake. The local evaporation line (LEL) of groundwater was simulated as δ2H = 6.08 δ18O-3.01. The groundwater surrounding the Qinghai Lake was primarily recharged through local precipitation at different altitudes. The hydrochemical type of most of the groundwater samples was Ca-Mg-HCO3; the hydrochemistry was primarily controlled by carbonate dissolution during runoff. At several locations, the ionic concentrations in groundwater exceeded the current drinking water standards making it unsuitable for drinking. The main source of nitrate in groundwater surrounding the Qinghai Lake was animal feces and sewage, suggesting that groundwater pollution should be mitigated in areas practicing animal husbandry in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, regardless of industrial and urbanization rates being relatively low in the region. The scientific planning, engineering, and management of livestock manure and wastewater discharge from animal husbandry practices is a crucial and is urgently required in the Tibetan Plateau. 相似文献
6.
《Marine pollution bulletin》2012,64(5-12):262-266
In recent years, with the development of society and economy of Qingdao, environment and ecosystem problems, for instance, red ties, become more and more serious in Jiaozhou Bay, China, because of the increasing pollutants discharged into it. In order to solve these problems, an eco-hydrodynamic model is constructed to estimate the marine environmental capacity of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in Jiaozhou Bay, whose simulation results are rational for the bay. According to the model, if the target is set to achieve water quality (grade II) in Jiaozhou Bay, the environmental capacity of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus in one year are approximately 7800 and 840 tons, respectively. Thus our research offers necessary scientific foundation to the total loads control efforts in this area. 相似文献
7.
An approach is proposed for the development of water use strategies adaptable to possible variations of the functioning conditions of water management systems. This approach is used as the basis for a set of mathematical models, enabling the comparison, screening, and the choice of rational models. 相似文献
8.
The final work on the development of an expert system for the assessment of the state and the rational use of lake??s resources is presented. A block of expert system for the assessment of ichthyocenoses is described. For this purpose, databases and knowledge bases on 12 species of most abundant Karelian fishes were used and a model of community, based on the principle of trophic chain, was proposed. The system was developed for water bodies with different compositions of ichthyocenoses and different food and abiotic conditions. The model makes it possible to assess the ichthyomasses and age structure of populations and to determine the rational ways to commercial use of the community for maximizing the catches with the preservation of biodiversity. 相似文献
9.
The results of hydrological, ecological-hydrochemical, and hydrobiological studies, aimed at the protection and rational use of water resources of the Pavlovskoe Reservoir are considered. The results of experimental studies of the effect of submerged wood on water chemistry and the assessment of the ecological state of the reservoir based on phytoplankton data are given. 相似文献
10.
An ecological and hydrochemical classification elaborated by the authors is used to assess the present quality of water in the most important water objects of the Republic of Armenia. This classification allowed us to determine the degree of environmental safety of each water body by ranking the water quality, ecosystem ecological stability, and the reliability of conservation of water quality during transportation. Based on the results of the ecological and hydrochemical assessment of water quality, the water bodies that require special protection and rational exploitation are distinguished, and the priority of water protection measures is established. 相似文献
11.
Water Resources - Assessment of forest impact on river runoff plays an important role in the rational use of water resources and the choice of optimal land use management. A top priority task of... 相似文献
12.
分析了淀山湖水量的主要补给来源及淀山湖水量受潮沙影响的泄流规律,并用1988年的实测资料研究枯水年型的淀山湖水量平衡。计算结果表明:淀山湖区在1988年降水稀少,但它可获取邻近河湖及长江等水体的水源补给,使湖水量达到年内基本平衡。 相似文献
13.
The key water-management and environmental problems of the Lower Volga are considered. The items discussed include the characteristics of intake and utilization of water resources and wastewater discharges in Lower Volga Region from 1990 to 2013. The current state of the key participants of water management complex is analyzed. The quality of Lower Volga water and ecosystems is shown, and the problems of maintaining the biodiversity are discussed. The key regional programs pertaining to the rational use and protection of water resources, as well as the development of water-management complex are considered. 相似文献
14.
The geological and hydrogeological structure of a diamond deposit is considered. Forecasts of the technogenic regime of groundwater and changes in river runoff based on modeling are given. The conditions for the compensation of river runoff losses due to the rational discharge of drainage water are determined. The conditions of salt-water dilution by fresh drainage water are evaluated. The tasks and principles of hydrogeological monitoring are formulated. 相似文献
15.
萍-乐坳陷带为江西省最主要的隐伏岩溶发育区带之一,岩溶地层发育,地表水、地下水循环交替强烈,地质构造复杂,为岩溶的发育、岩溶地下水的富集提供了良好的条件。查明岩溶发育规律及岩溶水的富集特征,可为地下水资源合理开发与地质环境保护提供科学依据。 相似文献
16.
微囊藻毒素粗提物对水环境中温和气单胞菌活的非可培养状态的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
细菌VBNC状态(Viable but non-culturable state),又称"活的非可培养状态",是自然水体中广泛存在的细菌的一种特殊存活状态,复杂的环境因子变化是VBNC状态转换的可能原因.本研究利用接种温和气单胞菌的无菌湖水,研究铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)培养液和微囊藻毒素粗提液对水环境中温和气单胞菌VBNC状态转换的影响,结果发现,温和气单胞菌在无菌湖水中同时存在VBNC状态和可培养状态;产毒微囊藻培养液和微囊藻毒素粗提液均能促进温和气单胞菌中VBNC细菌与可培养细菌之间的状态转换,说明微囊藻毒素可能是水环境中影响细菌VBNC状态转换的重要环境因素,其进一步的分子机制研究正在进行中. 相似文献
17.
The planning and management of water resources in the Shiyang River basin, China require a tool for assessing the impact of groundwater and stream use on water supply reliabilities and improving many environment‐related problems such as soil desertification induced by recent water‐related human activities. A coupled model, integrating rule‐based lumped surface water model and distributed three‐dimensional groundwater flow model, has been established to investigate surface water and groundwater management scenarios that may be designed to restore the deteriorated ecological environment of the downstream portion of the Shiyang River basin. More than 66% of the water level among 24 observation wells have simulation error less than 1·0 m. The overall trend of the temporal changes of simulated and observed surface runoff at the Caiqi gauging station remains almost the same. The calibration was considered satisfactory. Initial frameworks for water allocation, including agricultural water‐saving projects, water diversion within the basin and inter‐basin water transfer, reducing agricultural irrigation area and surface water use instead of groundwater exploitation at the downstream were figured out that would provide a rational use of water resources throughout the whole basin. Sixteen scenarios were modelled to find out the most appropriate management strategies. The results showed that in the two selected management options, the groundwater budget at the Minqin basin was about 1·4 × 108 m3/a and the ecological environment would be improved significantly, but the deficit existed at the Wuwei basin and the number was about 0·8 × 108 m3/a. Water demand for domestic, industry and urban green area would be met in the next 30 years, but the water shortage for meeting the demand of agricultural water use in the Shiyang River basin was about 2·2 × 108 m3/a. It is suggested that more inter‐basin water transfer should be required to obtain sustainable water resource use in the Shiyang River basin. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
18.
Risk-based assessment of arsenic-affected aquacultural water in blackfoot disease hyperendemic areas
Cheng-Shin Jang Kao-Hung Lin Chen-Wuing Liu Ming-Chao Lin 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2009,23(5):603-612
This work explored a risk-based arsenic (As) regulation in farmed pond water by ingesting tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) in blackfoot disease hyperendemic areas and discussed a rational As regulation in pond water. Monte Carlo analysis was used
to propagate the parameter uncertainty and to assess probabilistically regulation risks. A dynamic scheme of groundwater management
was proposed that curves of utilization ratios against As concentrations in groundwater were established based on the risk-based
regulation. The 5th to 95th percentiles of risks range from 3.5 × 10−7 to 6.0 × 10−5 via ingesting the farmed tilapia under the current As regulation in farmed pond water in Taiwan, 50 μg/L. To compare to inorganic
As regulation in drinking water, the current As regulation in farmed pond water does not pose a great threat to human health,
but it is unsafe. Therefore, this study suggests that the regulation of As in farmed pond water is revised to be 25 μg/L. 相似文献
19.
通过航片判读,湖泊成因和流域社会经济环境的分析,利用自然地域区块为基础,应用图件叠加法,Ｑ值评价法,环境发展－治理的评价法及质聚类评价法等综合分析,将鉴湖水域划分为四个环境功能区,所划分的功能区成功地应用于鉴湖环境容量和水质规划,并被绍兴环保局在管理上推广应用。 相似文献
20.
J. O. AYOADE 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(4):581-591
Abstract This paper gives a preliminary assessment of Nigeria's surface and underground water resources and discusses the relevant meteorological, hydrological and hydrogeological factors which determine the magnitude and spatial pattern of the distribution of these resources. It is pointed out that the present uncoordinated and piecemeal development of Nigeria's water resources stems from lack of a national water policy and an adequate institutional framework for managing these resources. Two solutions are suggested. One is that the Federal Government should as a matter of urgency establish a National Water Resources Board charged with rational planning, management and development of the country's water resources. The other is that a training programme should be established to produce the necessary skilled manpower in the field of water resources. 相似文献