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1.
The key water-management and environmental problems of the Lower Volga are considered. The items discussed include the characteristics of intake and utilization of water resources and wastewater discharges in Lower Volga Region from 1990 to 2013. The current state of the key participants of water management complex is analyzed. The quality of Lower Volga water and ecosystems is shown, and the problems of maintaining the biodiversity are discussed. The key regional programs pertaining to the rational use and protection of water resources, as well as the development of water-management complex are considered. 相似文献
2.
Results of field studies of water chemistry in the Upper Volga and some its tributaries in the reach between the Volga source and Tver City, as well as in lakes Sterzh, Vselug, Peno, and Volgo, which are constituent parts of the Verkhnevolzhskoe Reservoir, as well as Selizharovskii Pool of Lake Seliger. The year-to-year and season-to-season dynamics of the hydrochemical regime of the examined water bodies and their variations downstream the Volga under the effect of natural and anthropogenic factors are analyzed. 相似文献
3.
Brekhovskikh V. F. Volkova Z. V. Katunin D. N. Kazmiruk V. D. Kazmiruk T. N. Ostrovskaya E. V. 《Water Resources》2002,29(5):539-547
Heavy metal concentrations in bottom sediment in some reaches of the Upper (the Ivankovo Reservoir) and Lower Volga (from Volgograd to the mouth offshore area). The bottom sediment in the Ivankovo Reservoir are shown to be heavily polluted by Cu and Zn and to a lesser extent, by Co and Ni; heavy pollution with Ni and Cr and moderate pollution with Zn and Mn were recorded in the Lower Volga. Principal component procedure was used to assess bottom sediment pollution. The role of organic matter in the formation of the Ivankovo Reservoir bottom sediment pollution with heavy metals is shown to be moderate because of the weak correlation between heavy metal concentration and organic matter content of bottom sediment. The same is true for the Lower Volga because of low organic matter content of bottom sediment. The major role in the redox cycle of elements is shown to belong to Fe in the Ivankovo Reservoir and Mn in the Lower Volga. 相似文献
4.
With the help of a stationary balance model, the mean annual amounts of P retained in the chain of the Volga water reservoirs are sequentially calculated. It is found that with the current anthropogenic load, the Volga River regulation leads to a twofold decrease in the P runoff into the Caspian Sea. 相似文献
5.
The concentrations of three groups of organochlorine compounds (HCCH, DDT, and PCB) in bottom sediments, zebra mussel, and
two fish species—zope and roach—in the Volga Pool of the Rybinsk Reservoir. The concentrations of the examined toxicants can
be ranked in the ascending order as follows: HCCH<DDT<PCB. The total concentration of organochlorine compounds (OCC) and their
metabolites are very low, thus allowing the Volga Pool to be regarded as a background region for the Upper and Middle Volga
Basin. A congener-specific determination of PCB was carried out, and priority congeners were identified for monitoring the
ecosystem pollution by dioxin-like compounds. 相似文献
6.
Monitoring of the following hydrological processes was carried out: breakup in the mouth areas of rivers in the northern European Russia, the propagation of the spring flood wave and inundation in the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain and the Volga delta, a catastrophic flood in the Terek mouth area, and ice phenomena in the Volga mouth area and in the northern Caspian Sea. The results of satellite monitoring of seasonal processes in the Volga mouth area are presented.__________Translated from Vodnye Resursy, Vol. 32, No. 3, 2005, pp. 261–273.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Gorelits, Zemlyanov. 相似文献
7.
The Caspian Sea (CS), the world's largest inland sea, may also be considered as large-scale limnic system. Due to strong fluctuations of its water level during the 20th century and the flooding of vast areas in a highly vulnerable coastal zone, economic and environmental risk potentials have to be considered. Since the major water input into the CS is attributed to the Volga river, the understanding of its long-term flow process is necessary for an appropriate risk assessment for the CS and its coastal area. Therefore, a top-down approach based on statistical analyses of long-term Volga flow series is pursued. For the series of annual mean flow (MQ) of the Volga river basin during the 20th century, a complex oscillation pattern was identified. Analyses for multiple gauges in the Volga river basin and Eurasian reference basins revealed that this oscillation pattern resulted from the superposition of oscillations with periods of ∼30 years (MQ) in the western part of the Volga river basin, and ∼14 years (flow volume of snowmelt events) and ∼20 years (flow volume of summer and autumn) in the eastern part of the Volga river basin (Kama river basin). Almost synchronous minima or maxima of these oscillations occurred just in the periods of substantial changes of the Caspian Sea level (CSL). It can thus be assumed that the described mechanism is fundamental for an understanding of the CSL development during the 20th century. Regarding the global climate change, it is still difficult to predict reliably the development of the CSL for the 21st century. Consequently, we suggest an ongoing, interdisciplinary research co-operation among climatology, hydrology, hydraulics, ecology and spatial data management. 相似文献
8.
The Lower Volga is a Russian region, which has a unique natural resources and a territory which is the area of collision of the interests of different economic branches that use water resources. The economic development of the region requires effective water resources management in harmony with natural conditions and the operation of the Volga-Kama reservoir system. A reliable management tool is a computer decision support system for the Lower Volga. The problems to be solved with this system answer the current water problems of the region. Data on the programs under implementation and to be developed are given; water apportioning model is given; and the way of coordinated choice of management regime of the Volga-Kama reservoir system and water resources use in the Lower Volga is demonstrated. 相似文献
9.
V. V. Ivanov V. N. Korotaev N. A. Rimskii-Korsakov A. V. Chernov 《Water Resources》2006,33(5):535-542
A methodology for compiling the electronic “Atlas of Channel Deformations in the Lower Volga,” its contents, and the materials used for its compilation are described. Analysis of published data and field observations made by the authors is used to examine long-term variations in channel deformations in the period of 1914–2001 and to forecast the development of the channel in the Lower Volga in the 21st century. 相似文献
10.
The article presents a new information technology for the analysis of problems and the support of decision making regarding the availability of water resources for the users of the water management complex of the Lower Volga and the entire Volga–Kama chain of HPPs. A procedure is proposed to search for compromise decisions in water resources management in the interests of various water users (hydropower engineering, transport, ecology, agriculture, fishery, etc.). Modern methods of multicriteria analysis and the theory of compromises a used. The issues considered in the study include the determination of the potentially possible levels of meeting the requirements of the water users mentioned above and the effect produced on these levels by possible changes in the Management Rules of the Volga–Kama Chain of Reservoirs. 相似文献
11.
The Efficiency of Water Resources Management in Volga Basin 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A. P. Demin 《Water Resources》2005,32(6):594-604
The main characteristics of the socioeconomic development of Volga basin are given. Data on the use of water resources and the development of economic branches in the basin in 1980–2002 are analyzed. The dynamics of variations in the efficiency indices of water use in industry, agriculture and municipal economy in the upper, middle, and lower Volga. 相似文献
12.
Data on the concentration and composition of aliphatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the surface layer and the body of bottom sediments in Volga delta and on the northern Caspian shelf are given. Volga delta sediments are shown to contain large concentrations of organic compounds. It is established that the concentrations of organic compounds is largely dependent on the dispersiveness of sediments. Anthropogenic hydrocarbons, both oil and pyrogenic, fail to pass the marginal filter of the Volga River and do not reach the open part of the sea. Therefore, the hydrocarbons contained in the bottom sediments on the Caspian Sea shelf are mostly of natural genesis. The distribution of organic compounds in the bottom sediment strata has a complex character. In some cases, their concentration increases because of the higher flux of hydrocarbons (especially, polyarenes in the 1950s). 相似文献
13.
The structure of a hydrodynamic model of the Lower Volga, which has been developed for solving water management problems, and some results of computer simulation of variations of water level at the reach from the Volgograd HPP to the Caspian Sea are considered. The conditions under which the one-dimensional hydrodynamic model, developed in Delft Hydraulic Laboratory of Technical University based on Saint-Venant equations, can be successfully applied in the Lower Volga are determined. 相似文献
14.
15.
Many-year (1981–2009) variations of hydrochemical and hydrobiological characteristics of the state of the aquatic environment in the Lower Volga are presented. The development and transformation of the structural organization of aquatic organism communities are considered against the background of a tendency toward the accumulation of key pollutants and the regional features of those processes are considered. The study has shown that the aquatic ecosystem of the Lower Volga functions with its ecological state disturbed because of the strengthening of ecological regress. 相似文献
16.
Samples characterizing the horizontal distribution of bottom deposits of different types in the Upper Volga reservoirs were used to study the statistical relationship between the indicators of the potential and actual trophy of water bodies. These indicators are the amount of biogenic elements (the total nitrogen and phosphorus) and phyto-pigments (in the dry and wet masses of soil and in its organic fraction). The relationship between the above indicators for the channel deposits from the Upper Volga reservoirs and for the deposits in the lake hollows is found to he linear. 相似文献
17.
Correlation between the Volga runoff, the Caspian Sea level increments (CSL), and the amount of precipitation is considered. The variables involved are averaged over seasons, periods, and the year. Variations in the obtained correlations within the 20th century are analyzed. A method is proposed for determining the optimal time interval, within which precipitation is to be taken into account in predicting the Volga runoff and CSL. Seasonal anomalies in the precipitation and annual Volga runoff are analyzed for low-water and high-water periods. Linear trends of seasonal sums of precipitation for the period from 1891 to 1998 and in individual parts of this period are evaluated. 相似文献
18.
Although the Upper Volga has been the focus of extensive research for several decades, its origin and evolution remain uncertain. According to the most popular model, the Upper Volga drainage network formed at the end of the last deglaciation (MIS 2); before that, the river basin was occupied by a large MIS2 proglacial lake. In this study we test this hypothesis by luminescence dating several fluvial terraces in the Upper Volga valley. Despite the expected late-MIS 2 age, our results show that quartz is in saturation, and the feldspar pIRIR290 signal gives much older dates than expected (∼300–∼500 ka). We argue that, in most sections, feldspar was very likely to be well bleached prior to deposition. Thus, if the ages of sedimentary structures are overestimated, this could only result from sediment transport in darkness. It is widely accepted that the MIS 6 glaciation was the last to cover the Upper Volga basin, and so such conditions would be most easily attributed to a subglacial environment. But this explanation is confounded by the absence of till on top of most sections. The alternative explanation, that the ages accurately reflect last deposition, calls into question the well-established MIS 6 border on the Russian plain, and we conclude that further studies are required to resolve this inconsistency. 相似文献
19.
Analysis of Long-Term Variations in the Volga Annual Runoff 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The stability of sample estimates of statistical parameters was analyzed for segments of the initial time series of annual runoff volumes of the Volga River at Volgograd for 1881/1882–1994/1995. The segments of series considered in this study differ in the extent of anthropogenic impact on the runoff and the type of atmospheric circulation and correspond to characteristic periods in the Caspian Sea level variations. The conclusion is made that there are statistically significant variations in the annual runoff of the Volga, caused by both natural–climatic and anthropogenic variations in the hydrological cycle. 相似文献
20.
The results of studies of the concentrations and the ratios between the forms of organic matter in Volga reservoirs are presented. The reservoirs under consideration have different morphometric characteristics. flowage, and trophic status. Total organic matter content varies from 7.1 to 11.8 g/m3 or from 39.1 to 70.8 g/m2 with the proportion of labile fraction of 4.4–15.2%. The primary production of plankton, the daily value of which accounts for 14–40% of labile organic matter, has a notable effect on its concentration and input. Organic matter pool in Volga reservoirs forms under the effect of the morphometric features of reservoirs, water exchange, and the drainage area. The total characteristics of organic matter in the Upper Volga reservoirs have not experienced significant changes over the 20-year period. However, data for 2005 show that the contribution of primary production to the total concentration of organic matter and its labile fraction have decreased due to a decline in the productivity of planktonic communities recorded in recent years. 相似文献