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中国油气藏破坏类型及分布 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
综合考虑油气藏破坏的多种因素，结合含油气系统、盆地发展演化特征，基于油气藏形成、演经的构造运动特征，把中国油气藏破坏类型分为沉积不足、流体冲洗、褶皱变动、油藏抬升、油藏沉降、断裂活动和深部动力破坏型七类，并选择典型油气藏分类型进行部析。在此基础上油气盆地分为东部拉张型、中部克拉通内部坳陷型、西部造山带挤压型三类。通过21个盆地和112个典型油气藏的调查与解剖性研究，归纳出三大类盆地的油气藏破坏特征。西部盆地油气破坏类型多样，主要以油气抬升、流体冲洗和断裂活动破坏型为主；中部分轩以油藏抬升破坏型为主，其次是断裂活动破坏型；东部盆地油藏保存条件好，油气藏破坏以油藏抬升、断裂活动破坏型为主。 相似文献
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中国西部叠合盆地经历了多期构造变动和多旋回的油气成藏作用,研究叠合盆地油气藏的形成、演化和分布预测具有重要的意义。叠合盆地指不同时期形成的不同类型的沉积盆地或地层在同一地理位置上的叠加和复合,具有地层沉积不连续、地层构造不连续、地层应力应变作用不连续等三大标志性特征,依据构造剖面上地层年代的关联性,将叠合盆地分为五种类型,即连续沉积型叠合盆地、中晚期地层叠合盆地、早晚期地层叠合盆地、早中期地层叠合盆地、长期暴露型叠合盆地。叠合盆地普遍发育复杂油气藏,三种作用（剥蚀作用、断裂作用、褶皱作用）六种机制（渗漏、扩散、溢散、氧化、降解和裂解）形成复杂油气藏,依据成因特征分为五类,原成型油气藏,圈闭调整型油气藏,组分变异型油气藏,相态转换型油气藏,规模改造型油气藏。研究表明,复杂油气藏中天然气的地下产状特征和分布特征与地表产状特征和分布特征有很大差异。中国西部叠合盆地油气分布主要受烃源灶、古隆起、沉积相、断裂带、构造变动和区域盖层等六大因素的控制。其中烃源灶（S）、古隆起（M）、沉积相（D）和盖层（C）等四大要素控制着油气成藏的形成和分布,并建立了多要素匹配（T-CDMS）成藏模式,用以预测有利成藏领域。油气藏形成之后,多期的构造变动对早成的油气藏进行调整、改造和破坏,主要受构造变动强度、构造变动时间、构造变动次数、构造变动时盖层的封油气性能等四大要素控制,并以此建立了多期构造变动破坏油气藏后剩余潜力评价模型,利用这一模型可以预测出有利勘探区带并评价出有利勘探区带中的剩余资源潜力。油气藏经过改造,表现出晚期成藏效应,并受相势耦合作用的控制最后定位,利用晚期成藏效应和相势耦合理论可以预测有利勘探目标,并指出潜在有利勘探目标。 相似文献
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复式油气聚集带与盆地研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
复式油气聚集带指不同构造层、多个含油层系、多种类型油气藏在时间上的叠加和空间上的复合。它不仅包括受二级构造带控制的油气田带，而且也包括在一定构造背影上受地层－岩性因素控制的油气田带。复式油气聚集带研究需建立盆地油气藏形成机理的质模型。该文先讨论第一个课题，即含油气盆地研究。 相似文献
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煤层底板突水是华北型煤田煤矿生产过程中一种常见的水害类型,为解决水害防治工程的科学决策问题,进一步提高防治水工程的可靠性,提出构建智能决策支持系统的技术思路。智能决策支持系统是传统决策支持系统与人工智能技术相互融合的产物,在分析底板水害防治决策支持功能需求的基础上,提出“数据-模型-方案”一体化设计流程,从数据导入、模型驱动、智能决策等3个层次构建底板水害防治智能决策支持系统的基本框架。将模型驱动层进一步细分为方法库、模型库、知识图谱构建3项专业化服务,模型库包括底板突水空间点预测模型、疏水降压数值模拟模型、注浆改造工程可靠性分析模型、隔离工程设计模型及底板水害监测预警模型。系统最终输出的决策方案包括底板突水危险性分区、疏水降压Q-t-s方案、区域注浆改造设计及工程可靠性评价、隔离工程设计、底板突水监测预警警情发布。系统通过注浆过程的反馈-控制、突水监测预警的深度学习、疏水降压方案的动态优化等实现其智能决策。智能决策支持系统将会在煤层底板水害防治可靠性保障方面提供新的技术支撑。 相似文献
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非常规油气藏地质建模与数值模拟是通过对地质、地震、油藏综合研究,建立储层精细地质模型。首先建立构造模型,同时运用地震反演的成果结合单井岩相数据建立岩相模型,利用钻井泥浆漏失、油气田和单井的实际生产情况和微地震监测,描述油气藏内发育的天然裂缝和人工压裂裂缝,最终利用岩相模型控制建立孔隙度和饱和度等属性模型,为数值模拟提供能够反映与实际地质情况相符的三维油气藏粗化地质模型。在此模型的基础上,进行生产历史拟合、产量预测,并制定合理的开发方案。 相似文献
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拉伸盆地模拟理论基础与新进展 总被引：26，自引：2，他引：26
作为一种重要的盆地类型，拉伸盆地的理论模型和模拟研究发展迅速，已形成了较完善的系统理论。岩石圈拉伸的动力学模型主要包括：（１）瞬时或非瞬时的均匀纯剪拉伸模型；（２）双层或非均匀的纯剪拉伸模型；（３）拆离的简单剪切模型；（４）拆离－纯剪切模型；（５）简单剪切－纯剪切悬臂梁模型等。岩石圈的纯剪切和简单剪切代表了岩石圈变形的两个端元。拉伸过程中的减压熔融对盆地演化可产生重要影响。这些理论模型构成了拉伸盆地计算机模拟的理论基础。应用正演的理论模型与反演的回剥法相结合的模拟技术，可动态和定量地重塑盆地的形成演化，精确地预测沉积盆地的沉降过程、盆地构造格架、岩石圈深部结构以及热流分布等。这项研究已显示出巨大的、深远的研究和应用前景。 相似文献
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A decision support system (DSS) has been developed to assist expert and non-expert users in the evaluation and selection of
eco-engineering strategies for slope protection. This DSS combines a qualitative hazard assessment of erosion and mass movements
with a detailed catalogue of eco-engineering strategies for slope protection of which the suitability is evaluated in relation
to the data entered. The slope decision support system (SDSS) is a knowledge based DSS in which knowledge is stored in frames
containing rules that can evaluate the available information for a project, stored as project specific information (PSI) in
a data file. The advantages of such a system are that it accepts incomplete information and that the qualitative nature of
the information does not instil the user with a sense of unjustified exactitude. By its multidisciplinary and progressive
nature, the DSS will be of value during the initial stages of an eco-engineering project when data collection and the potential
of different eco-engineering strategies are considered. The accent of the output of the DSS is on the application of eco-engineering
strategies for slope protection as an environmentally-friendly solution aiding sustainable development. For its acceptance
within the engineering community, the DSS needs to prove its predictive capacity. Therefore, its performance has been benchmarked
against successful and unsuccessful cases of slope stabilisation using eco-engineering. The target audience and the areas
of application of this DSS are reviewed and the strategies for further development in this area suggested. 相似文献
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河北平原区域地下水资源决策支持系统设计与开发 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以河北平原水资源决策支持系统为例，介绍在地理信息系统平台上，如何结合地下水资源管理、决策的具体需求，构建一个可以实现对地下水资源进行管理、决策的支持系统，并系统介绍了系统平台的选取、决策支持系统结构的组成框架、空间数据库的组成等基本思路，重点介绍了 模型库、方法库的设计与开发技术过程，最后分析了河北平原区域地下水资源决策支持系统的应用，认为实例对类似地区建立水资源与环境管理的决策支持系统有很好的借鉴作用。 相似文献
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水资源管理决策支持系统研究进展与展望 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
从框架、 技术等方面介绍了水资源管理决策支持系统发展状态, 总结了水资源管理决策支持系统的3个发展阶段: 模型模拟阶段、 模型模拟+DSS(DSS: Decision Support System)阶段、 情景分析+集成建模环境+DSS工具阶段, 阐述了这3个发展阶段各自的特点, 剖析了制约水资源管理决策支持系统的发展因素, 讨论了建立一个成功的水资源管理决策支持系统应具备的条件和采用的方式. 最后, 提出了集成综合观测系统、 集成建模环境和联机协商环境的水资源管理决策支持系统框架. 相似文献
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基于ARCGIS的地质灾害防治信息与决策支持系统的研制 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
提出以四库一体模式实现基于ARCGIS的地质灾害防治决策支持的思路,即以模型为主导,调用方法,提取相关数据计算,对模型进行求解;利用ES对系统判识进行匹配、分析,辅助专家进行决策;将专家决策结果作为知识源提取而存入知识库中.信息系统是整个系统的事务管理层,决策支持系统则是系统应用处理层,两者互为依托.信息系统是决策支持系统的信息源,决策支持系统所产生的结果进入信息系统并对其进行管理,当决策支持系统的模型、方法、知识运作成熟,数据结构化后,又将进入信息系统中,成为信息系统的组成部分. 相似文献
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主要介绍了GIS和决策支持在海洋石油开发船舶监控与调度领域的应用,结合GPS卫星定位技术、GSM全球移动通讯技术、GIS地理信息技术及计算机网络通信与数据处理技术,设计实现了一套远程监控调度决策系统。系统包括油轮实时监控和生产调度决策二个子系统,这里分别从硬件和软件二个角度对系统进行了描述,并对生产调度决策支持的简单设计模式进行了论述。实际运用证明,该系统能够较好的解决在海洋石油开采中,石油运输所存在的部分问题。 相似文献
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N. Van Cauwenbergh D. Pinte A. Tilmant I. Frances A. Pulido-Bosch M. Vanclooster 《Environmental Geology》2008,54(3):479-489
Water management in the Andarax river basin (Almeria, Spain) is a multi-objective, multi-participant, long-term decision-making
problem that faces several challenges. Adequate water allocation needs informed decisions to meet increasing socio-economic
demands while respecting the environmental integrity of this basin. Key players in the Andarax water sector include the municipality
of Almeria, the irrigators involved in the intensive greenhouse agricultural sector, and booming second residences. A decision
support system (DSS) is developed to rank different sustainable planning and management alternatives according to their socio-economic
and environmental performance. The DSS is intimately linked to sustainability indicators and is designed through a public
participation process. Indicators are linked to criteria reflecting stakeholders concerns in the 2005 field survey, such as
fulfilling water demand, water price, technical and economical efficiency, social and environmental impacts. Indicators can
be partly quantified after simulating the operation of the groundwater reservoir over a 20-year planning period and partly
through a parallel expert evaluation process. To predict the impact of future water demand in the catchment, several development
scenarios are designed to be evaluated in the DSS. The successive multi-criteria analysis of the performance indicators permits
the ranking of the different management alternatives according to the multiple objectives formulated by the different sectors/participants.
This allows more informed and transparent decision-making processes for the Andarax river basin, recognizing both the socio-economic
and environmental dimensions of water resources management. 相似文献
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Unidata’s Common Data Model mapping to the ISO 19123 Data Model 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Access to real-time distributed Earth and Space Science (ESS) information is essential for enabling critical Decision Support
Systems (DSS). Thus, data model interoperability between the ESS and DSS communities is a decisive achievement for enabling
cyber-infrastructure which aims to serve important societal benefit areas. The ESS community is characterized by a certain
heterogeneity, as far as data models are concerned. Recent spatial data infrastructures implement international standards
for the data model in order to achieve interoperability and extensibility. This paper presents well-accepted ESS data models,
introducing a unified data model called the Common Data Model (CDM). CDM mapping into the corresponding elements of the international
standard coverage data model of ISO 19123 is presented and discussed at the abstract level. The mapping of CDM scientific
data types to the ISO coverage model is a first step toward interoperability of data systems. This mapping will provide the
abstract framework that can be used to unify subsequent efforts to define appropriate conventions along with explicit agreed-upon
encoding forms for each data type. As a valuable case in point, the content mapping rules for CDM grid data are discussed
addressing a significant example.
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| Lorenzo BigagliEmail: URL: www.imaa.cnr.it |
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Reflection and refraction seismics in areas of complex geology. An example in the Northern Apennines
R. Cassinis A. Lozej I. Tabacco R. Gelati G. Biella S. Scarascia A. Mazzotti 《地学学报》1990,2(4):351-362
An experimental survey, employing refraction wide-angle reflection seismic techniques (DSS: deep seismic soundings) was carried out in the Northern Apennines (North Italy). The main objective of the experiment was the application of DSS to better-define the structure of the upper crust, down to about 15 km depth, in the crucial Alps–Apennines boundary zone. A second objective was to understand the potential of DSS as a complementary tool in areas of complex geology, where the results of near vertical reflection (NVR) are generally poor. The results of the experiment show that DSS, if properly planned, can continuously follow deep markers, and therefore impart a greater significance to faint and discontinuous NVR, as well as data on the P– wave velocity of the seismic units. 相似文献