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1.
广东流溪河水库后生浮游动物生物量谱时空异质性 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
于2001年4月至2002年12月调查了流溪河水库后生浮游动物,建立后生浮游动物乍物量谱并分析了其时空分布特征．后生浮游动物Sheldon型生物量谱并不是平谱,生物量随着浮游动物粒径(等效球体直径,ESD)的增大而增大．轮虫在粒径大小范围为50-160μm内生物量随着粒径的增大而减少;枝角类(100-512μm ESD)的生物量谱呈‘单峰型’．最大生物量出现在中等大小的粒径组(200-256μm)．桡足类的生物量大约占总后生浮游动物生物量的60％,为水库后生浮游动物最重要的组成部分;粒径分布范围较宽,覆盖了轮虫和枝角类．总体而言,桡足类生物量随着粒径的增大而逐渐增大．河流区后生浮游动物标准生物量谱斜率为-0．75;湖泊区标准生物量谱斜率为-0．58在河流区．后生浮游动物生物量中轮虫和无节幼体所占的比例要高于湖泊区,而湖泊区温中剑水蚤和舌状叶镖水蚤的成体和晚期桡足幼体所占的比例高于河流区．由于河流区小个体的优势度大于湖泊区,因此河流区后生浮游动物标准谱的斜率小于湖泊区.从后生浮游动物大小分布的季节性变化看,湖泊区季节性变化不明显;河流区则变化显著,丰水期标准化谱的斜率大于-0．75．枯水期小于-0.75,斜率的变化与水位波动呈正相关关系．水库库盆的形状及水动力学的时空差异可能是影响浮游动物大小分布时空差异的重要非生物因素之一． 相似文献
2.
淮北采煤塌陷区小型湖泊轮虫群落结构的季节变化 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
2005年3月至2007年2月对淮北采煤塌陷区两个小型湖泊(南湖和乾隆湖)轮虫的群落结构进行了连续两年的调查.南湖共检测到轮虫9属14种,乾隆湖共计15属27种.乾隆湖轮虫年平均密度为1916 ind./L,约为南湖(198.4 ind./L)的近10倍.乾隆湖和南湖轮虫的最大密度分别为6915和1185 ind./L.在南湖和乾隆湖轮虫的季节动态中,冬、春季以前额犀轮虫为主,夏、秋季以多肢轮虫、异尾轮虫为主.在南湖,长肢多肢轮虫、暗小异尾轮虫和小链巨头轮虫分别占年平均密度的24.4％、24.0％和23.0％.在乾隆湖,暗小异尾轮虫、长肢多肢轮虫和裂痕龟纹轮虫分别占年平均密度的31.5％、27.2％和7.3％.南湖和乾隆湖轮虫的Shannon-Wiener指数范围分别为0～2.06和1.28 ～2.68,平均值分别为0.67和1.99.水温、营养盐和浮游植物生物量对淮北采煤塌陷区小型湖泊轮虫的群落结构具有重要影响. 相似文献
3.
洪泽湖轮虫群落结构及其与环境因子的关系 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
2010年5月至2011年2月对洪泽湖轮虫进行季度采样,分析了洪泽湖轮虫的种类组成、时空分布及其群落结构与环境因子的关系.结果表明,洪泽湖共观察到轮虫17属34种,优势种为螺形龟甲轮虫(Keratella cochlearis)、前节晶囊轮虫(Asplanchna priodonta)、长肢多肢轮虫(Polyarthra dolichoptera)、萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)和曲腿龟甲轮虫(Keratella valga).轮虫种类的空间分布格局呈现较大差异,种类数在北部成子湖最高(27种),西南部湖区次之(26种),东部沿岸带最低(19种);而密度则表现为西南部湖区略高于成子湖,东部沿岸带最低.轮虫的群落结构季节差异明显,密度和生物量在春季最高,秋季次之,而夏季最低.典范对应分析结果表明,水温、溶解氧及叶绿素a等因子对轮虫种类的季节变化及密度生物量的影响最大;总磷、总氮及可溶性无机氮等水体中的营养盐也是影响轮虫群落结构的重要因素. 相似文献
4.
一座季节性休渔湖泊——洱海轮虫的季节动态特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
于2009年2-11月对洱海轮虫进行月际采样,分析洱海轮虫的多样性及其群落结构季节动态特征.洱海作为一个高原湖泊,其轮虫种类组成仍然呈现出热带-亚热带的主要特征.本研究共鉴定轮虫68种,多数种类为广布性或暖水性种类,隶属17科25属,异尾轮属、腔轮属和臂尾轮属是种类最多的三个属,占鉴定轮虫种类的37%.Lecane arcuata和Tricho-cera inermis为我国新纪录种.轮虫生物量的季节分布呈"双峰型",并分别出现在休渔期的中期和捕鱼期前期.在休渔期中期,轮虫主要以前节晶囊轮虫为优势种;在捕鱼期前期,轮虫先以螺形龟甲轮虫和广生多肢轮虫为优势,后以前节晶囊轮虫为优势.季节性休渔不仅使鱼类对轮虫的捕食压力出现季节性变化,而且还通过影响枝角类的群落结构改变枝角类对轮虫的竞争压力.在捕食和竞争的双重作用下,轮虫主要以大型杂食性种类———前节晶囊轮虫为优势种类,并呈现"双峰型"的季节分布模式. 相似文献
5.
于1997年4月5日至1998年9月1日对山东高青赵店乡渔场34个盐碱池浮游动物群落演替及其多样性进行了研究,采集了389个浮游动物定量水样。结果表明,轮虫主要是在夏秋高温季节占主导地位,桡足类在春季和秋末冬初在大部分养鱼池和所有无鱼对照池中占绝对优势,原生动物在养鱼池浮游动物中占相当比重,浮游动物生物量的冬季变动一般都有放养早期的春季生物量峰值和盛夏至初秋的生物量高峰,浮游动物多样性指数的季节变动形式与浮游动物生物量的季节变动不尽相同,其季节变动的总趋势是,冬季最低,春季开始上扬,夏季最高,秋季又开始下降;浮游动物多样性指数在浮游动物生物量峰值时多是低谷,而生物量下降时多样性指数又上升,无鱼对照池和新挖池塘的浮游动物多样性指数和生物量均较一般养鱼池塘的高。 相似文献
6.
北京官厅水库轮虫群落结构与水体富营养化状况 总被引：9，自引：4，他引：5
于2007年1-12月对官厅水库上游(北京段)进行调查,利用非生物环境因子对水体的营养状况进行了评价,并通过种类组成、优势种、生物量及多样性指数等指标探讨了轮虫群落结构与水体富营养化的关系.结果表明,官厅水库(北京段)已达到了富营养的水平,在轮虫的种类组成中,10个富营养化的指示种类大部分都有出现,其中螺形龟甲轮虫(Keratella cochlearis)和针簇多肢轮虫(Polyarthra trigla)为优势种;轮虫密度均在1000ind./L以上,生物量在1mg/L以上,轮虫的密度、生物量的季节分布与水温显著正相关(P0.05),水平分布与水体的营养状况显著正相关(P0.05),垂直分布没有明显的规律性;轮虫多样性指数较低,但与水体营养水平显著相关(P0.05).证明轮虫群落结构与水体富营养化之间存在着密切的关系,富营养化是导致轮虫群落结构变化的主要动因. 相似文献
7.
浮游动物作为食物链中重要的初级消费者,其群落结构特征是水生态系统健康评价的重要指标之一.本研究于2017年秋季和2018年春季对渭河干流及秦岭北麓五条典型支流开展了系统的水环境及浮游动物群落调查.结果表明,渭河干流营养盐浓度整体高于秦岭北麓支流,干流浊度远高于支流.两次调查共鉴定出浮游动物种类数136种(原生动物65种,轮虫44种,枝角类15种,桡足类12种),其中2017年秋季渭河干流浮游动物种类数、密度和生物量分别为14种、9.02 ind./L和0.0051 mg/L,秦岭北麓支流为37种、42.78 ind./L和0.0229 mg/L;2018年春季渭河干流浮游动物种类数、密度和生物量分别为52种、292.89 ind./L和0.1734 mg/L,秦岭北麓支流为68种、70.15 ind./L和0.0508 mg/L.秋季渭河干流下游浮游动物种类数、密度和生物量最低,而春季随上、中、下游三者均依次增大;秋季秦岭支流中罗敷河浮游动物密度和生物量最高,而春季灞河最高.春、秋两季干支流间浮游动物优势种差异较小,但秋季优势种种类数少于春季.秋季渭河干流中游Shannon-Wiene... 相似文献
8.
Lake Bockwitz, a pit lake in a former lignite open-cast mine south of Leipzig (Germany), was neutralised (from pH 2.65 to pH 7.1) by addition of soda ash (14,620 t) from 2004 to 2007. The additions had to be continued due to ongoing inflows of acid ground and surface water. This paper reports on the changes in the plankton community accompanying the neutralisation.At the beginning, the community composition and biomass was comparable to other acidic pit lakes, i.e. the pigmented flagellates Chlamydomonas and Ochromonas dominated the autotrophs, and ciliates and rotifers were the top predators. The biomass was small (maximum 2 mg fresh weight per litre) and decreased until the end of 2008. With increasing pH, the autotrophic community became more diverse, whereby diatoms, chrysophyceans and blue greens contributed significantly to biomass. Although neutral pH conditions were achieved in autumn 2007, picocyanobacteria were not present until the end of 2008. In addition, crustaceans were under-represented in terms of biomass and diversity. Daphnids were not found. We attributed this to short-term changes of the ionic composition of the water and to the limited time available for non-acido-tolerant organisms to colonise the system. 相似文献
9.
Michail I. Gladyshev Nadezhda N. Sushchik Olesia N. Makhutova Olga P. Dubovskaya Elena S. Kravchuk Galina S. Kalachova Elena B. Khromechek 《Limnologica》2010,40(4):343-357
During two sampling seasons we analyzed on weekly basis fatty acid (FA) composition of seston fraction <130 μm and zooplankton fraction >130 μm, and compared them using a multivariate canonical correlation analysis (CCA). Besides, we evaluated a possible impact of water temperature and inorganic nutrients on FA composition of the seston and the zooplankton.In spite of significant differences in percentages of several individual FAs, we found very strong canonical correlation (cross-correlation, 1-week lag) between FA composition of the seston and the zooplankton. The most important factor, providing the overall canonical cross-correlation between FA profiles of the seston and the zooplankton fractions was eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5ω3, EPA). FA composition of the zooplankton fraction had comparatively poor correlations with taxonomic composition of the zooplankton. Thus, seasonal variations of FA composition of the zooplankton were determined primarily by seasonal changes in FA composition of the seston, rather than by taxonomic differences of FA profiles between rotifers, cyclopoids and cladocerans. FA composition of the seston was strongly affected by its taxonomic composition, namely by that of phytoplankton. According to CCA, the highest factor loadings pertained to diatoms interacting with their marker acids, including EPA, and cyanobacteria and greens, interacting with their marker acids. Ciliates and small rotifers composed considerable and sometimes major part of the seston biomass, but according to CCA their contributions to seasonal variations of the total FA profile of the seston were insignificant. This finding indirectly support the conclusion of the other authors, that the main source of FAs presented in ciliates and rotifers must be sought in algae and that they do not modify FA composition of food consumed, apart from repackaging it.Water temperature was the principal environmental parameter which drove the overall variations of FA composition. Factor loadings for the inorganic nutrients were comparatively negligible. The main contribution in the seasonal variation of FA composition of the seston was given by negative interaction between water temperature and percentage of EPA in the seston. 相似文献
10.
春秋两季鄱阳湖浮游动物的编目、数量分布与变动 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
分析鉴定了1999年春、秋两季,在鄱阳湖区8个断面24个采样站采得的水样．共观察到各类浮游动物共150种．其中轮虫动物物种最为丰富,为96种,占总种数的64．0％,且单位体积的数量亦呈明显优势,说明轮虫动物是该湖区浮游动物的优势类群;其次为原生动物．24个采样站中,原生动物、轮虫动物、枝角类、桡足类这四类浮游动物个体数量分布的差异极大,其中第10、12、13和23号站中的个体数量较高,超过100ind／L最大数量出现在13号站,个体数量高达1101．60ind／L鄱阳湖浮游动物的数量有明显的季节变动,尤属轮虫的变动最大．本次调查中轮虫和枝角类的数量春季大于秋季,而原生动物和桡足类则秋季大于春季． 相似文献
11.
热带浅水湖泊后生浮游动物群落结构对生态修复的响应 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
热带浅水湖泊后生浮游动物群落以轮虫和小型枝角类为主,往往缺乏大型浮游动物,其影响因子还存在争议,因此通过减少鱼类,提高大型后生浮游动物密度,从而增强对浮游植物的下行控制、修复热带富营养化湖泊的方法受到质疑.暨大南湖位于广州暨南大学校园内,是热带富营养化浅水湖泊,于2014年1—2月实施以鱼类去除和水生植被重建为主的生态系统修复工程,以期改善水质.通过对南湖修复前后水质、后生浮游动物以及修复后鱼类群落的调查分析,研究了后生浮游动物群落对修复的响应.结果表明:与修复前相比,总氮、总磷和叶绿素a浓度显著降低,透明度显著上升.枝角类丰度和生物量显著增加,修复后初期出现较高密度的大型枝角类蚤状溞(Daphnia pulex),桡足类丰度和生物量没有显著变化,轮虫丰度下降而生物量上升;后生浮游动物体长和生物多样性显著增加.随着鱼类密度的增加,蚤状溞丰度快速降低,后期鱼类减少后蚤状溞丰度又有所升高.因此,本研究显示鱼类是控制热带浅水湖泊大型浮游动物种群的主要因素,由于控制鱼类密度以维持较高大型浮游动物密度较为困难,因此单纯生物操纵在热带浅水湖泊修复中难以取得显著效果. 相似文献
12.
洱海是位于我国西南亚热带高原地区的重要淡水生态系统,在高强度的人类活动与气候变化的影响下出现了较为严重的水质退化与富营养化现象,其中北部湖区的问题最为突出。本文以北部湖区为对象,设置了喜洲等5个样点,于2020年3、6、9和12月对该湖北部的轮虫群落及环境因子进行了季节性调查,分析了轮虫群落的季节演替特征及主要影响因子。本次调查共检出26属48种轮虫,多数种类为广布种或暖水种,其中无柄轮属、晶囊轮属、胶鞘轮属、须足轮属、龟甲轮属、多肢轮属在4个季节均出现。异尾轮属的种类数最多,共计9种。螺形龟甲轮虫、长肢多肢轮虫和前节晶囊轮虫是主要的优势种类。其中,螺形龟甲轮虫在4个季节均为丰度优势种,而前节晶囊轮虫在4个季节均为生物量优势种。非度量多维尺度分析表明,洱海北部湖区轮虫群落结构存在显著的季节差异。这种季节差异主要反映了水温的直接与间接影响,后者主要表现为鱼类捕食压力与食物资源的季节性。冗余分析表明,透明度、温度和浮游植物丰度为解释轮虫群落结构变化的重要变量。群落的物种组成与季节变化反映了主要轮虫优势种类对水温和水质变化的敏感性。 相似文献
13.
福建山美水库浮游动物群落结构时空特征及其影响因子分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
山美水库既是福建省泉州市饮用水源地,也肩负着为台湾省金门县供水的功能,但春夏季过高的pH值影响了水库水质.为此,从2020年起,调整水库鱼类放养结构和捕捞策略,并研究鱼类群落调控后山美水库浮游动物群落结构的响应及其与环境因子的关系.本研究于2020年和2021年连续两年的1月（冬季）、4月（春季）、7月（夏季）、10月（秋季）调查山美水库21个采样点的浮游动物群落结构和水环境因子.结果共鉴定出浮游动物68属102种,其中轮虫21属41种（40.20%）,原生动物32属41种（40.20%）,枝角类8属13种（12.75%）,桡足类7属7种（6.86%）.2020—2021年山美水库浮游动物平均密度为（1443.05±360.02） ind./L,平均生物量为（1.21±0.27） mg/L,2021年浮游动物密度和生物量显著高于2020年,其中,2021年枝角类和桡足类的密度分别显著高于2020年枝角类和桡足类的密度,2021年库首、库中和库尾区域枝角类生物量显著高于2020年对应区域;2021年桡足类生物量显著高于2020年.春冬季浮游动物群落的优势种主要为原生动物,夏秋季浮游动物群落的优势种主要为轮虫.根据浮游动物密度和生物量评价水体营养状态,夏季山美水库处于中营养状态,春、秋和冬季处于贫营养状态.影响浮游动物群落结构分布的主要环境因子为电导率、水温、溶解氧、硝态氮、透明度和高锰酸盐指数.研究表明调整鱼类放养和捕捞措施提高了浮游动物密度和生物量,基于此提出了通过调整鱼类群落结构改变浮游动物群落结构,进而改善水环境的建议,可为湖泊水库水环境保护和水生生物资源高效利用提供科学依据. 相似文献
14.
John-Mark Davies Weston H. Nowlin Blake Matthews Asit Mazumder 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2010,72(4):393-402
Ideas on how various measures of nutrient limitation relate to plankton biomass and species composition are re-examined. While
long-term and multi-lake studies typically focus on determining overall biomass, seasonal studies are more focused toward
understanding species composition. We use physiological assays to assess short-term nutrient deficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus
in two moderately fertile lakes. While biomass in the lakes was considered to ultimately be limited by total phosphorus, nutrient
assays were variable in time. Nutrient ratios (TN:TP, PN:PP, PC:PP and PC:PN) did not predict short-term deficiencies, notably
that nitrogen deficiency occurred in these phosphorus-limited lakes. In one of our study lakes, there was a relaxation of
phosphorus deficiency despite phosphate concentrations occurring below traditional detection limits. Following this period,
there was an autumn bloom of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. This relationship corresponds with other studies that have found A. flos-aquae to be a poor competitor for phosphorus. In contrast, phosphorus deficiency remained high prior to the autumn diatom bloom
in our other study lake. Deficiency measures remain an excellent means of assessing physiological status of plankton communities
and provide greater insight into species compositional changes, especially when other potential indicators like dissolved
nutrient concentrations are inconclusive. Regardless of the nutrient limitation indicator used for a given study, it is critical
to consider the appropriate scale of the measure. 相似文献
15.
This paper investigates the annual cycle in aerosol optical thickness (AOT) and Angstrom exponent in Darwin, Australia, a coastal site in the Tropical Warm Pool where the major aerosol sources are biomass burning and sea salt. We have used radiometer measurements from the Tropical Western Pacific Atmospheric Radiation Measurement facility for the period March 2002–June 2003. Strong seasonal cycles in AOT and Angstrom exponent were observed, peaking during the burning season (May–November). Investigation of the spectral dependence of optical thickness showed that the Angstrom formula can be satisfactorily fitted to the AOT data during the burning season but not on summer and autumn afternoons due to the presence of sea salt aerosols. 相似文献
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18.
The aim of this study was to present quantitative data on the population dynamics of Chlorella-bearing ciliates (Stentor, Ophrydium) compared to the total zooplankton community in a deep, oligotrophic North Patagonian lake. Mixotrophic and heterotrophic ciliates, rotifers and microcrustaceans, and important ecological parameters were sampled during a 1-year study. The results showed a low biodiversity with only a few dominant species in every zooplankton group. Three mixotrophic ciliates - Stentor araucanus, S. amethystinus and Ophrydium naumanni - were found. They peaked in summer and autumn with maximum values of 152-313 Ind L−1 (Stentor) and 1880 Ind L−1 (Ophrydium). Their contribution to the total ciliate abundance was 16±17% (annual average). Both Stentor species displayed a distinct vertical zonation during the stratification period with peak depth between 10 and 15 m (metalimnion). The contribution to total zooplankton biomass was 59.4% on an annual average (Stentor: 41%, O. naumanni: 18.4%) and 83% during the stratification period. Both abundance and biomass of mixotrophic ciliates correlated strongly with temperature and to a lesser degree with copepods, rotifers and small cladocerans. According to this study mixotrophic ciliates were by far the dominant zooplankton group in Lake Caburgua. We report for the first time the importance of O. naumanni in a deep Chilean North Patagonian lake. 相似文献
19.
为了揭示滇池不同湖区浮游动物群落稳定性及其驱动因子,于2020年对滇池草海、大泊口、外海3个具有一定空间分隔的区域,按季度进行4次采样调查。结果表明,大泊口区域的溶解氧、透明度指标显著高于外海,总氮、总磷、悬浮物、叶绿素a和化学需氧量等指标浓度显著低于外海,草海理化因子浓度介于大泊口与外海之间。研究期间3个区域共鉴定出浮游动物41属(枝角类12属、桡足类8属、轮虫21属),轮虫种类和密度均占较大比例。浮游动物年平均密度大泊口(7771.3 ind./L)>草海(2901.1 ind./L)>外海(634.8 ind./L);年平均生物量草海(3.72 mg/L)>大泊口(2.15 mg/L)>外海(2.09 mg/L)。非参数多元方差分析(PERMANOVA)与相似性百分比分析(SIMPER)结果表明,滇池3个区域间浮游动物群落结构差异极显著,导致大泊口与草海、外海群落结构呈极显著差异的属种为轮虫类群的种类,导致草海与外海群落结构呈极显著差异的属种为枝角类和轮虫类群的种类。此外,浮游动物群落稳定性与物种多样性呈显著的正相关关系,且经过生态修复后水质有所改善的湖区... 相似文献
20.
《Limnologica》2014
This study evaluated the zooplanktonic bacterivory at a eutrophic subtropical reservoir pond by the quantification of the bacterial grazing and clearance rates of the protozooplanktonic (ciliates and nanoplankton) and metazooplanktonic (rotifers, cladocerans and copepods) populations during one year period. For this purpose, in situ experiments with fluorescently labeled bacteria (FLB) were carried out every two months on the sub-surface of the reservoir pond. Considering the individual grazing and clearance rates, the metazooplanktonic organisms showed the highest consumption of bacteria. However, in terms of population and considering all the zooplanktonic community, the heterotrophic nanoplanktonic organisms (HNP) accounted for 73% of the total bacteria ingested, being the most important bacterial consumers in the reservoir, due to their high population densities. Among them, the HNP smaller than 5 μm showed the highest population grazing rates, also due to their high abundance. These organisms were the main responsible for bacteria regulation by grazing in the reservoir. Among the metazooplanktonic organisms, the highest ingestion of bacteria occurred by the copepods (10%) during the wet season, and by the rotifers (22%) during the dry season. Thus, the metazooplanktonic population grazing rates were significantly different over the year, between the cold/dry and hot/rainy season. These seasonal differences were not observed in the density and biomass of picoplankton nor in the population grazing rates of ciliates and HNP. Nevertheless, the protozoa (ciliates and HNP) were directly responsible for most of the predation on bacteria, while the metazooplanktonic populations were indirectly responsible for it by the consumption of protozoa in a cascading effect. 相似文献