共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
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运用WRF模式,选取考虑城市冠层结构(UCM算例)及不考虑城市冠层(NOUCM算例)两种城市下垫面参数化方案,对南京2010年夏季晴天小风典型天气条件下的城市热环境以及不同下垫面的边界层特征进行了模拟研究。结果表明:1)UCM方案模拟结果与实际情况较为吻合。其中2 m气温的模拟有较大的改进,模拟结果明显高于NOUCM方案,与观测更为吻合,同时更好地模拟出了冠层建筑物对于近地层风速的拖曳,10 m风速的模拟有非常明显地提高。2)UCM方案较好地模拟出了城市的三维热岛分布。由于建筑物地表对辐射的截留,白天14时(北京时间,下同)热岛较强,地面2 m高度处热岛范围较大,热岛面积大约为120 km2,强度为2℃。同时建筑物的存在使得城市湍流动能更大,向上的垂直扩散增加,距地面20 m时,依然能看出明显的热岛效应,热岛强度为1.5℃。距地面55 m处,UCM模拟所得的热岛范围缩小,热岛强度为1.1℃。UCM模拟所得的白天地表热量的扩散影响可达143 m,02:00 2 m处热岛最强为2℃,热岛影响也可达70 m以上。3)不同下垫面呈现出了不同的边界层特征,城市冠层结构对周边下垫面边界层结构存在程度不等的影响,14:00城市区域的湍流混合更强,城市边界层高度升高100 m左右,02:00,城市冠层结构的存在,导致近郊庄稼下垫面及紫金山植被下垫面的稳定逆温层结明显减弱。 相似文献
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通过遥感技术与地面测定相结合的方法，对北京城市热岛现状作观测研究，得到北京城市地面的温度分布特点。使用北京大学城市边界层模式从气象观点就“楔形绿地”规划对北京城市气候的影响进行研究和评价，模式通过对城市地表复杂性和多样性的特征进行细致描述，建立了一个细致模拟城市特点的城市边界层能量平衡模式，并用此能量平衡模式得到的地面温度作为下边界条件，中尺度气象模式MM5做初始场和侧边界条件，建立一个最小分辨率为500 m的城市边界层模式系统，来研究城市边界层在中尺度背景场作用下的精细结构。通过个例模拟，模式能够较准确地模拟城市边界层的风温场分布情况，可以用来对楔形绿地规划进行模拟试验。通过对规划后的气象场在特定的气象条件下进行模拟，结果显示，建造大型的楔形绿地后，绿地区域及绿地周围约1 km以内的地区温度有所降低，降低的程度由规划前后的地表类型改变的剧烈程度、风速大小及与绿地的距离决定，但是这种规划方案却会因城市的下风方向的风速减小而导致通风不畅。 相似文献
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采用北京大学三维的复杂地形中尺度模式,结合陆面过程模式(SiB),模拟了草原和沙漠并存的下垫面的边界层大气运动.利用SiB模式计算了地表辐射、感热、潜热通量,并且预报地表温度.中尺度模式则模拟了沙漠地区受热抬升,形成的辐合运动,垂直速度的分布,不同高度上水平流场的变化以及中尺度动量和热量通量,把中尺度通量跟湍流通量进行了比较,以确定这种中尺度运动在GCM模式的参数化过程中的重要性.试验表明中尺度通量尤其是热量通量要比湍流通量大很多. 相似文献
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用非静力平衡的中尺度模式MM5来模拟北京冬季的热岛。模式采用三重嵌套网格，最高水平分辨率为3 km。在模式中加入分辨率为200 m×200 m的实测北京建筑物高度和地表利用资料，并将下垫面的城市人为热源分为常数部分和日周期变化部分。数值模拟结果显示:MM5模式对这次北京的热岛及热岛环流具有较好的模拟能力。考虑了日周期变化的人为热源作用的数值试验模拟出的热岛的日变化比将热源单纯考虑为常数与实况更接近，这表明加入与实际情况相符的人为热对模拟有改善。 相似文献
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水、陆不均匀条件下大气边界层结构的模拟研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
应用2004年白洋淀野外观测实验资料,对白洋淀地区水、陆不均匀分布条件下的大气边界层开展了数值模拟试验,结果表明:由于下垫面的热力差异,在360多km2的白洋淀地区,地表特征分布的不均匀可以引发弱的局地环流,影响大气边界层内温度和湿度的空间分布;在500m高度以下,下垫面不均匀分布对湍流动能有明显影响.最后将模拟结果与观测资料进行了对比检验. 相似文献
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城市下垫面对河谷城市兰州冬季热岛效应及边界层结构的影响 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
利用中尺度数值模式WRF耦合单层城市冠层模块UCM,引入2005年MODIS土地利用类型资料,在对2005年1月25—28日兰州市热岛现象进行高分辨率数值模拟的基础上,设计了去除城市下垫面敏感性试验,探讨了城市下垫面对城市边界层的影响程度。结果表明,城市下垫面能使近地层大气温度升高而风速减小,并且,在夜间表现更明显。由城市热岛强度日变化分析可知,城市下垫面对兰州市热岛强度的贡献率为44%。夜间,城市上空200 m以下的近地层大气保持了白天的混合层特征,热岛环流的上升运动促进了山风环流,使得上升气流到达地面以上600 m左右;白天,由于山峰加热效应,城市上空400—600 m存在一个脱地逆温层,城市热岛环流使得11—15时（北京时）市区近地层出现弱上升气流,抑制了谷风环流的形成及发展。城市下垫面的低反照率特性和建筑物的多次反射作用导致城市下垫面的净辐射通量大于非城市下垫面;城市下垫面由于建筑材料的不透水性,导致潜热通量远小于感热通量,而储热项所占比重明显增大。 相似文献
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中尺度非均一边界层气候的数值研究: (Ⅱ) 夏季的数值试验 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
用修改的Nickerson等提出的中尺度模式，对我国北方夏季非均一下垫面上的边界层气候特征进行了研究。结果表明，在晴朗、静风和无扰动系统的条件下，下垫面的非均一性对边界层气候起着决定性的影响。边界层气候特征和低空急流强度与局地环流关系密切。干燥裸地上边界层内出现的逆湿现象，是由下垫面非均一的湿度场和中尺度平流共同引起的。 相似文献
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陆面过程和大气边界层相互作用敏感性实验 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：18
文中建立了一个研究陆面物理过程与大气边界层相互作用的模式。模拟了草原下垫面的土壤 环境物理、地面热量通量、蒸发、蒸散及大气边界层结构特征。并对主要的环境物理参数进 行了敏感性实验。结果表明，本模式能合理地模拟地表热量平衡、土壤体积含水量、植被蒸 发阻抗、地表水汽通量日变化和湍流交换系数、湍流动能、位温和比湿廓线等。该模式还可 进一步应用于研究城市陆面物理过程与大气边界层相互作用机制，及与中尺度大气模式耦合用于区域气候的研究。 相似文献
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Numerical simulation of the anthropogenic heat effect on urban boundary layer structure 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
Y. Chen W. M. Jiang N. Zhang X. F. He R. W. Zhou 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2009,97(1-2):123-134
In this paper, several methods of incorporating anthropogenic heat release into the boundary layer are compared. The best scheme was one that included anthropogenic heat release in both the surface energy balance equation and the thermodynamic equations. In addition, it included diurnal variations and a distribution of heat based on building concentrations. We further investigated the influence of anthropogenic heat release on urban boundary layer structure and the urban heat island, and found that the contribution of anthropogenic heat release to the urban heat island is greatest in the evening and at night, and least at noon. The daily average contribution ratio of anthropogenic heat to urban heat island intensity in the winter is 54.5%, compared with just 43.6% in the summer. Anthropogenic heat strengthens the vertical movement of urban surface air flow, changing the urban heat island circulation. It also makes the urban boundary layer more turbulent and unstable, especially in the morning and evening. The degree of influence of anthropogenic heat release on local boundary layer structure depends on its importance to the surface energy budget. 相似文献
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为研究不同人为热源引入方案对城市边界层结构模拟性能的影响，以杭州地区为例，在区域边界层模式（RBLM）中引入一种新人为热源处理方案，即对城市中的人为热排放分层考虑，将低层的人为热源加入地表能量平衡方程，将高层人为热源分布与建筑物高度和密度联系起来，加入热量方程中，同时考虑了人为热源强度的日变化。数值试验结果表明，这是一种比较合理的处理方案。人为热源引入方案对城市边界层结构的影响表现在:气温、湍流动能增加，并通过湍流交换输送到较高层大气；大气不稳定度增加，混合层高度最高抬升了400 m；城市地区上升速度增加，热岛环流加强；白天人为热源一般为太阳辐射的10%～20%，对地气交换的影响较小。夜间没有了太阳辐射能量，对地气交换的影响比日间更明显；冬季低层湍流活动加强，湍能约增加40%，大气层结稳定度降低。 相似文献
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城市大气边界层的数值研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
本文利用能量闭合的二维非线性、非定常模式,结合地面热量平衡方程,研究了城市热岛和城市热岛环流以及其它相关的城市边界层参量的发展演变规律;同时探讨了在城市污染面源的情况下,污染物的扩散、输送问题.模拟结果得到了天津市城市热岛观测资料的证实. 相似文献
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夜间城市大气边界层和气溶胶的相互作用 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
本文利用能量闭合的二维非线性、非定常模式，结合地面热量平衡方程，研究了夜间城市边界层和气溶胶的相互作用问题。结果表明:气溶胶在夜间对大气低层起保温作用，对大气上层起冷却作用；使大气低层稳定度减小，上层稳定度增加；此外，气溶胶还能够削弱贴地逆温强度。在正常城市气溶胶污染情况下，气溶胶对城市热岛强度影响不大，但可使城市热岛环流稍有增加。夜间城市边界层对气溶胶的反馈作用使大气下层气溶胶浓度减小，上层气溶胶浓度增加。上述部分结论得到了在天津取得的城市热岛观测资料的直接验证。 相似文献
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The vegetated urban canopy model (VUCM) is implemented in a meteorological model, the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS), for urban atmospheric modeling. The VUCM includes various urban physical processes such as in-canyon radiative transfer, turbulent energy exchanges, substrate heat conduction, and in-canyon momentum drag. The coupled model RAMS/VUCM is evaluated and then used to examine its impacts on the dynamic and thermodynamic structure of the urban boundary layer (UBL) in the Seoul metropolitan area. The spatial pattern of the nocturnal urban heat island (UHI) in Seoul is quite well simulated by the RAMS/VUCM. A statistical evaluation of 2-m air temperature reveals a significant improvement in model performance, especially in the nighttime. The RAMS/VUCM simulates the diurnal variations of surface energy balance fluxes realistically. This contributes to a reasonable UBL formation. A weakly unstable UBL is formed in the nighttime with UBL heights of about 100–200 m. When urban surfaces are represented in the RAMS using a land surface model of the Land Ecosystem-Atmosphere Feedback (LEAF), the RAMS/LEAF produces strong cold biases and thus fails to simulate UHI formation. This is due to the poor representation or absence of important urban physical processes in the RAMS/LEAF. This study implies that urban physical processes should be included in numerical models in order to reasonably simulate meteorology and air quality in urban areas and that the VUCM is one of the promising urban canopy models. 相似文献
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Mellissa C. MacKellar Hamish A. McGowan Stuart R. Phinn Joshua S. Soderholm 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2013,146(2):319-340
Over warm, shallow coral reefs the surface radiation and energy fluxes differ from those of the open ocean and result in modification to the marine atmospheric boundary layer via the development of convective internal boundary layers. The complex interrelationships between the surface energy balance and boundary-layer characteristics influence local weather (wind, temperature, humidity) and hydrodynamics (water temperature and currents), as well as larger scale processes, including cloud field properties and precipitation. The nature of these inter-relationships has not been accurately described for coral reef environments. This study presents the first measurements of the surface energy balance, radiation budget and boundary layer thermodynamics made over a coral reef using an eddy-covariance system and radiosonde aerological profiling of the lower atmosphere. Results show that changes in surface properties and the associated energetics across the ocean-reef boundary resulted in modification to the marine atmospheric boundary layer during the Austral winter and summer. Internal convective boundary layers developed within the marine atmospheric boundary layer over the reef and were found to be deeper in the summer, yet more unstable during the winter when cold and drier flow from the mainland enhances heat and moisture fluxes to the atmosphere. A mixed layer was identified in the marine atmospheric boundary layer varying from 375 to 1,200 m above the surface, and was deeper during the summer, particularly under stable anticyclonic conditions. Significant cloud cover and at times rain resulted in the development of a stable stratified atmosphere over the reef. Our findings show that, for Heron Reef, a lagoonal platform reef, there was a horizontal discontinuity in surface energy fluxes across the ocean-reef boundary, which modified the marine atmospheric boundary layer. 相似文献
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D. V. Chalikov 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1986,34(1-2):63-98
A new approach to investigations of the structure of the boundary layer above waves is discussed. The approach is based on direct numerical simulation of wave motions in the boundary layer produced by a moving curved surface. Model equations are derived, which are the Reynolds equations in a curvilinear nonstationary system of co-ordinates, evolution equations for turbulent kinetic energy, and Kolmogorov's approximate similarity formulae relating the coefficient of turbulent viscosity to the dissipation of turbulent energy; the length scale is assumed to grow linearly with increasing distance from the surface. Principles of constructing the model numerical scheme are described. Results are given of modelling the structure of the boundary layer above a nonsteady surface, which, in a general case, is a superposition of progressive waves with assigned dispersion relations and amplitudes. Mechanisms of energy and momentum transfer to the surface, effects of density stratification and energy structure in the boundary layer are studied. Merits and demerits of the approach are discussed. 相似文献
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The New Canadian Urban Modelling System: Evaluation for Two Cases from the Joint Urban 2003 Oklahoma City Experiment 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
A new Canadian numerical urban modelling system has been developed at the Meteorological Service of Canada to represent surface and boundary-layer processes in the urban environment. In this system, urban covers are taken into account by including the Town Energy Balance urban-canopy parameterization scheme in the Global Environmental Multiscale meteorological model. The new modelling system is run at 250-m grid size for two intensive observational periods of the Joint Urban 2003 experiment that was held in Oklahoma City, U.S.A. An extensive evaluation against near-surface and upper-air observations has been performed. The Town Energy Balance scheme correctly simulates the urban micro-climate, more particularly the positive nighttime urban heat island, and also reproduces the “cool” island during the morning but does not succeed in maintaining it during all of the daytime period. The vertical structure of the boundary layer above the city is reasonably well simulated, but the simulation of the nocturnal boundary layer is difficult, due to the complex interaction with the nighttime southerly low-level jet that crosses the domain. Sensitivity tests reveal that the daytime convective boundary layer is mainly driven by dry soil conditions in and around Oklahoma City and that the nighttime low-level jet reinforces the urban heat island in the first 300m through large-scale advection, leading to the development of a less stable layer above the city. 相似文献