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恩施盆地典型红砂岩斜坡破坏机理试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
恩施城市建设中盆地内红砂岩斜坡破坏较为严重,其中结构面控制的逆向红砂岩斜坡破坏现象普遍。以恩施市内凤凰山公园斜坡为典型实例,研究其变形破坏过程与机理。工程地质调查与室内岩体物理力学试验研究表明,该类红砂岩斜坡破坏的影响因素为斜坡地质结构构造、地层岩性与工程诱发因素。基于物理模型试验再现了该类斜坡失稳破坏的全过程,通过坡体位移监测、有机玻璃投影监测与宏观变形拍照记录分析了斜坡的变形破坏机理,并采用离散元法数值模拟对比验证了该类斜坡破坏机理。结果表明,该类斜坡的稳定性状态主要由结构面控制,在工程开挖的作用下,斜坡沿结构面必发生失稳破坏。鉴于此,工程建设中必需对该类斜坡进行合理的边坡设计,防止出现不同规模的失稳滑动现象。 相似文献
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地下开采作用下反倾上硬下软型斜坡崩塌形成机制研究以贵州开阳磷矿崩塌为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以贵州开阳磷矿崩塌为例,通过对地质条件、采矿扰动与变形破坏特点的分析,阐明在地下开采作用下,反倾上硬下软型斜坡变形破坏的发展过程,并总结斜坡失稳破坏的3种模式,指出不同类型的破坏变形均以坡顶拉裂为前兆,而斜坡岩体结构特征是产生不同破坏模式的关键控制因素。进一步运用数值模拟与物理模拟方法,分析该类型崩塌的形成机理,认为反倾上硬下软型崩塌的形成具有特定的地质背景,动力条件与诱发因素,崩塌最终可能以急剧破坏的形式出现,但其发生并不是一蹴而就的,是经历了从发生、发展直至破坏的长期过程。从地下开采后采空区顶底板的变形,发展到地表裂缝的产生,崩塌的形成是地表裂缝沿着陡倾结构面追踪发展的过程,并受岩体结构特征的控制最终发生倾倒、突破锁固段剪出或沿中缓倾结构面滑塌。因此,对此类斜坡地质灾害的监测和防治必须把握前兆现象,加强早期识别与预警。 相似文献
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季节性冻融作用与斜坡整体变形破坏 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
吴玮江 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》1996,7(4):59-64
季节性冻融作用是斜坡变形破坏的重要外动力因素和促发因素之一，不但在斜坡表层产生强裂作用，而且可引起斜坡深处地下水富集，土体软化范围扩大，静，动水压力增大等冻结滞水效应，促使斜坡整体性大规模变形破坏，促发崩塌，滑坡发生，冻融季节也是重大滑坡灾害的多发时期。 相似文献
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煤层开采顺序和开采方式对采动斜坡起着一定控制作用,影响着采动斜坡的稳定性。近年来,大量学者对采动斜坡的研究仅限于采动斜坡自身原型的变形破坏模式研究,考虑煤层开采顺序和方式对采动斜坡的控制作用不够深入。贵州省发耳煤矿是典型的在多层开采作用下发生变形的缓倾结构采动斜坡。本文以贵州六盘水发耳煤矿尖山营变形体为例,基于离散元数值模拟原理,采用颗粒流数值模拟方法,对比了不同开采方式下对采动斜坡的变形破坏影响。结果表明：在进行煤层开采时,一次开采和分布开采对斜坡变形有着较大影响,分布开采时煤柱发生破坏后会加剧斜坡变形,不利于斜坡稳定;在分布开采时,正向开采对于坡体的损伤更为严重,斜坡变形更加明显;煤层开采后,上覆岩体竖直位移略大于煤层开采厚度,斜坡合位移受水平位移影响较大,坡脚及坡肩位置的煤层开挖对斜坡的变形影响显著。 相似文献
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青藏高原东南部高山峡谷地区广泛发育湖相地层,该套地层常可见到无根的、类似正断层的断错变形,易于与活动断层的识别相混淆.同时这些断错变形易导致湖相斜坡破坏失稳造成一定的经济损失和人员伤亡.为深入揭示湖相斜坡的稳定性及其变形机制,以川藏铁路廊道藏东南松宗镇西侧某湖相斜坡为例,开展了详细的野外调查及测试工作,优化了极限分析上限定理力学分析模型,并通过强度折减法计算了不同互层层厚比、粘聚力、内摩擦角条件下斜坡安全系数.研究结果表明湖相地层产生断错变形并破坏失稳的主要因素与砂、泥质软硬互层结构特征有关,其中相对软弱地层的内摩擦角可能是最主要的影响因素.另外,湖相斜坡在重力作用下就可发生失稳变形,地震动作用下能进一步加剧变形,并主要表现为类似正断层的旋转-平移滑动破坏样式.因此,湖相地层区域无根断层的发育易于造成活动断层识别的不确定性,这给类似环境的地震危险性及湖相斜坡稳定性评价工作带来了一定挑战. 相似文献
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从力学相似性的角度进行多年冻土斜坡路基失稳变形离心模型试验,分析最大融深状态下冻土斜坡路基土层性质、高度以及地基坡度对其稳定性的影响规律,研究冻土斜坡路基失稳变形特性、失稳机制及模式,将片石路基与普通路基进行对比分析。试验结果表明,冻土斜坡路基土层力学性质、路基高度和地基坡度对其稳定具有显著影响,路基的变形在冻融交界面发生骤变,变形主要集中在冻融交界面之上的土层;在本试验条件下,多年冻土斜坡路基合理高度约为5 m;当斜坡路基高度为5 m时,地基坡度大于1: 6,路基横向变形迅速增大;冻土斜坡路基的沉降和横向变形表现出较大的不均匀性,冻土斜坡路基变形失稳的根本原因是冻融交界附近软弱带的抗剪强度不足,阳坡冻融交界面之上的土层沿软弱带滑移破坏;路基破坏可分为浅层开裂破坏、深层开裂破坏和整体滑移破坏3种;冻土斜坡片石路基的水平位移和沉降明显小于普通路基,片石路基具有较好的整体稳定性。 相似文献
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采空区深度、平面位置等控制缓倾层状结构采动斜坡的变形特征,直接影响采动斜坡整体稳定性。近年来,国内外学者针对地下采煤引起上覆岩体变形开展了大量研究,但目前采空区特征对斜坡关键位置的影响作用揭示还不够深入。贵州省发耳煤矿尖山营变形体是典型的缓倾层状结构采动斜坡,具有上陡下缓、上硬下软的特征。文章以发耳尖山营变形体为例,采用地质过程机制定性分析和数值模拟方法研究了多层开采与不同深度单层开采对斜坡变形的影响,揭示采空区宽度、深度及深厚比等参数对斜坡变形特征的影响。结果表明:多层开采导致斜坡坡脚破坏和整体塌陷,引起斜坡产生显著向坡外的水平位移,导致竖向位移远大于煤层开采总厚度;采空区跨越坡脚致使开采深厚比急剧减小,采动裂隙更易扩展至地表,是坡脚附近岩体产生破坏的重要因素;采空区宽度增大、多层采动会显著加剧斜坡变形,采空区深度增加可减小斜坡变形量值,但显著增加变形范围。在地形起伏强烈地区采煤,通过优化工作面布置,防止开采深厚比急剧减小、控制采空区宽度、避免重复采动以及开采更深部煤层对斜坡稳定性有利。 相似文献
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为研究物质组成空间分布特征对降雨下碎石土斜坡变形破坏的影响,以不同成因碎石土斜坡的特点为依照,进行了4种物质组成空间分布的碎石土斜坡模型及1种均质斜坡模型试验。结果表明,物质组成空间分布特征对降雨下碎石土斜坡变形破坏所发挥的作用与降雨入渗方向和应力调整方向有重要关系。当土料变化方向与入渗方向大角度相交且与应力调整方向相同时,斜坡渗透性为土料各自的渗透性,斜坡力学性质偏向于组成土料力学性质的最大值。当土料变化方向与入渗方向相同且与应力调整方向大角度相交时,斜坡渗透性接近组成土料渗透性的最小值,斜坡变形破坏受控于其中的软弱土料。降雨下斜坡各处均发生变形,且变形向周围调整并产生影响。破裂面更易发于软弱土料中。该研究有助于斜坡灾害勘察、预测评价及防治向精细化方向发展。 相似文献
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Emily Keeble David I. Whiteside Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):99-119
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco. 相似文献
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Gilles Serge Odin 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(6):409-414
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414. 相似文献
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The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species. 相似文献
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Emmanuel Skourtsos Daniel Vachard Alexandra Zambetakis-Lekkas Rossana Martini Louisette Zaninetti 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(12):925-931
Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931. 相似文献
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正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.) 相似文献
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正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.) 相似文献
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正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.) 相似文献
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正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus., 相似文献
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正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an 相似文献
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正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of 相似文献