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1.
利用1949～2003年热带气旋年鉴资料,对55年来影响山东热带气旋(TC)活动的气候特征与太平洋海温的关系进行了分析.结果表明:(1)在厄尔尼诺年,影响山东的TC频数较常年明显偏少.厄尔尼诺次年TC频数较常年稍有增加;拉尼娜年影响山东的TC频数较常年显著偏多,增加明显的月份主要是8月和9月,拉尼娜次年,影响山东TC频数偏少.厄尔尼诺事件强度越大,影响山东的TC频数越少;(2)影响山东的TC数和菲律宾以东洋面的海温呈正相关,并具有很好的持续性.影响山东的TC多年,赤道中东太平洋有较强的负距平区,影响山东的TC少年,赤道中东太平洋为正距平区;(3)厄尔尼诺年,影响山东的TC强度偏强.拉尼娜年,影响山东的TC强度明显偏弱.影响山东的TC强度厄尔尼诺年要比拉尼娜年强很多;(4)影响山东TC偏强年在赤道中东太平洋有较强的正距平区,影响山东TC偏弱年在赤道中东太平洋地区有较强的负距平.综上说明赤道中东太平洋的海温高低对影响山东的TC频数和强度有较好的指示作用. 相似文献
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3.
地温与登陆及影响福建的热带气旋年频数的相关分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用全国42个测站0.8米地温来研究其与登陆及影响福建的热带气旋(简称TC)频数的关系,结果表明,前一年11月份及当年7～9月份的地温均与TC频数有较显著的正相关,其中黄河中、下游及淮河流域11月份的地温可以做为预测TC频数的一个较好的前期因子;其后用奇异值分解方法对地温场与海温场进行分解,得出11月份及7～9月地温的变化分别对应着海温场的不同分布型,当地温偏高时赤道中、东太平洋海温为负距平,TC频数偏多,反之则偏少. 相似文献
4.
本文利用1951～1987年286个网格点太平洋月平均海温场及500hPa月平均位势高度场,分析了春季西北太平洋（不含南海）热带气旋与海温场和大气环流的关系。结果表明:前期太平洋海温场与春季热带气旋生成数有显著的相关,并以前一年夏季和前期冬季更为明显。影响春季热带气旋生成的太平洋海温场主要有两个关键区,一个位于赤道东太平洋,为负相关:一个位于北太平洋中部,为正相关。文中还从海温对大气环流影响的角度出发,分析了春季热带气旋活动特多年与特少年前期及同期500hPa大气环流的特征及两者之间的差异。最后利用逐步回归方法作了春季西北太平洋热带气旋长期趋势预报。 相似文献
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本文从 500百帕高度场、海平面气压场及北太平洋表层海温场对西太平洋部分岛屿10月降水多寡的成因进行了分析。分析表明:该区10月降水多雨年与少雨年在高度场、气压场、海温场上均存有明显差异,其关键区2、8月高度、气压、海温距平和对该区10月降水均有较好的指示性,8月份北赤道西部海流区海温与10月降水也具有较好的相关关系。统计还指出,影响关键区高度、气压和海温变化进而导致10月降水的多寡与西北太平洋海面上的气旋活动有关。 相似文献
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本文在建立了一个含约化重力及包括海表温度变化的正压非线性海洋模式的基础上,模拟了在年平均风应力作用下,海表温度及海流场的年平均状况,并做了热带太平洋对风应力突然加强的响应试验.西风增加区域分6.8°N～6.8°S间的整个赤道太平洋和西赤道太平洋二种情况.在这二种情况下,都能产生东太平洋的正海温距平和西太平洋的负海温距平,且正海温距平向东移动,与实际的EI Nino现象相似,并就海洋中Kelvin波和Rossby波的传播作了一些讨论. 此外,本文还试验了减弱的赤道太平洋东风恢复正常后,El Nino的衰减过程.结果表明,模式模拟的EI Nino衰减过程与观测到的现象比较类似. 相似文献
7.
大西洋海表温度异常与中国东北地区夏季降水的关系 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
利用1950～1992年全球海温月平均(2°×2°)和NCAR/NCEP提供的1950～1997年全球500hPa月平均高度场(2.5°×2.5°)资料，分析了大西洋海表温度异常的特征及其与中国东北地区夏季降水的关系。结果指出北大西洋冬季海表温度经验正交展开的第二特征向量表明，海表温度的距平分布有南北差异的异常特征；其中心位置和中国东北地区夏季降水与冬季大西洋海表温度相关显著区中心基本重合北大西洋冬季海表温度出现南暖北冷异常时，同期北大西洋中高纬度地区的阻塞形势偏强，与之相对称的北太平洋北部的阻塞高压也偏强，对应来年夏季东亚西风环流指数偏低，造成东北区夏季降水偏多；反之亦然。 相似文献
8.
采用美国联合台风警报中心(JTWC)提供的北印度洋1977年至2008年热带气旋(TC)资料、NOAA提供提供的1977—2008年月平均海表面温度(SST)资料、逐日的高度场(HGT)资料和NCEP提供1982—2008年全球再分析资料,对北印度洋热带气旋的月季变化的双峰结果进行分析,结果表明:500 hPa流场上热带辐合带的北进南退和500hPa高度场上南亚高压季节性进退跟双峰结构的季节变化有很好的对应关系。此外,海温的季节性变化和季风的爆发对热带气旋的月季变化有很大的影响,海温较高的时期,热带气旋发生频数较多,反之依然。当季风爆发时,存在着强的垂直风切变,不利于热带气旋的生成。正是这些综合因素,才造成了北印度洋热带气旋的双峰结构。 相似文献
9.
1997年影响南海的热带气旋异常活动特征及成因分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
统计分析了近30年(1976-2005)来影响南海的热带气旋特征,对1997年影响南海的热带气旋异常活动的成因作了进一步的分析.结果表明,El Nino发生后,西北太平洋生成的热带气旋以偏少为主,强度偏强,且热带气旋生成位置偏东,热带低压加强成为热带风暴的平均位置也较多年平均位置偏东;副热带高压强度和Nino 3.4区SST变化趋势基本一致,但副热带高压强度变化落后SST变化6个月左右.由于El Nino事件多发生于上半年,赤道中东太平洋Nino 3.4区SST偏高,当年冬季或次年春夏季往往副热带高压异常偏强;El Nino发生年的次年,暖水向西回涌,西太平洋海温逐渐恢复正常,副高强度偏强. 相似文献
10.
SST对黄海、渤海登陆热带气旋路径和强度的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用中国气象局整编的1949~2003年的热带气旋资料和美国国家环境预报中心的海表温度(SST)最优插值资料,应用EOF分解和概率分析等方法,分析了黄海、渤海登陆热带气旋个例所处环境场中的海温的空间和时间分布规律,计算得到该类热带气旋在黄海、渤海区达到最大可能强度(MPI)的概率分布。结果显示,在黄海、渤海海区的较强的(>1℃)SST正距平中心和渤海北部海域的SST正距平区是黄海、渤海登陆TC出现北行路径必要条件。所有TC个例过程发生之前均有一个黄海、渤海关键区SST距平上升过程,只有30%的TC达到MPI一半,只有1%的TC可能达到MPI的4/5。 相似文献
11.
INTRODUCTIONIntermediatewaterexistsinalloceansandhasreceivedattentionasanimportantpartoftheoceancirculation.ThefirstsystematicresearchontheintermediatewaterinthePacificwasdonebyReid(1965)andthenbyNitani(1972).ItisgenerallyconsideredthatthereexisttwokindsofintermediatewaterinthePacific.OneofthemisthelowsalinitywaterformedbysubsurfacemixinganddescendinginthenorthpartoftheSubantarcticConvergenceZone,whichisgenerallyknownastheSouthPacificintermediateWater(SPIW).TheSPIWmovesnorthwardata… 相似文献
12.
利用1998~2003年6~8月的NCEP/NCAR再分析资料(1.0°×1.0°经纬度网格),以对流层中部500 hPa高度层为重点,利用北半球夏季(6~8月)低纬度(0°~30°N)太平洋地区(160°E-120°W)各物理量(水平速度u,v,P-坐标垂直速度ω等)计算了水平运动方程中各分量的大小,通过比较对热带大尺度运动方程进行了简化,并给出了相应的简化方程,认为纬向风在除了赤道这一奇异带以外都是满足地转平衡的,而经向风则在离开赤道30°以外达到地转.由于热带太平洋地区是台风的重要发源地之一,因此弄清此地区的大气运动基本平衡关系有助于台风形成机制的研究. 相似文献
13.
本文使用基于热成风速度的涡旋识别拓展方法,通过海表面温度数据对黑潮延伸体区域50~100 km涡旋进行研究,发现50~100 km涡旋主要分布在黑潮延伸体流轴两侧,气旋涡和反气旋涡的寿命、半径分布具有一致性。气旋涡多出现在35°N以北,反气旋涡在35°N以南比较集中,与尺度较小的中尺度涡旋分布特征较为相似。冬夏两季涡旋地理分布存在一定差异,主要与不同季节该区域海表温度梯度及风应力旋度的变化有关。35°N以南50~100 km涡旋数量的季节性变化与风速大小的季节性变化存在明显的正相关性。35°N以南50~100 km涡旋三倍半径内风速异常和风应力旋度归一化表明,气旋涡对应风速负异常而反气旋涡对应风速正异常,反气旋涡的产生依赖于风应力负旋度,气旋涡的生成与风应力正旋度有关。 相似文献
14.
Spatial distribution pattern of seafloor hydrothermal vents to the southeastern Kueishan Tao offshore Taiwan Island 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
HAN Chenhu YE Ying PAN Yiwen QIN Huawei WU Guanghai CHEN Chen-Tung Arthur 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(4):37-44
Investigations of the diffusion activities both within and outside the seafloor hydrothermal vents, as well as related mineral genesis, have been one of the key focuses of ocean biogeochemistry studies. Many hydrothermal vents are distributed close to the southern Okinawa Trough on the less-than-30-m deep shallow seafloor off Kueishan Tao, northeast of Taiwan Island. Investigations of temperature, pH and Eh at four depths of hydrothermal plume were carried out near Kueishan Tao at the white(24.83°N, 121.96°E) and yellow(24.83°N, 121.96°E) vents. An 87 h of temperature time series observation-undertaken near the white vent showed that tide is the main factor affecting the background environment. Based on the observed data, 3-dimensional sliced diffusion fields were obtained and analyzed. It was concluded that the plume diffused mainly from north to south due to ebb tide. The yellow vent's plume could effect as far as the white vent surface. From the temperature diffusion field, the vortices of the plume were observed. The Eh negative abnormality was a better indicator to search for hydrothermal plumes and locate hydrothermal vents than high temperature and low pH abnormalities. 相似文献
15.
北极气旋的季节、年际变化及其与北极海冰、大气遥相关的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The seasonal and inter-annual variations of Arctic cyclone are investigated. An automatic cyclone tracking algorithm developed by University of Reading was applied on the basis of European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) ERA-interim mean sea level pressure field with 6 h interval for 34 a period. The maximum number of the Arctic cyclones is counted in winter, and the minimum is in spring not in summer.About 50% of Arctic cyclones in summer generated from south of 70°N, moving into the Arctic. The number of Arctic cyclones has large inter-annual and seasonal variabilities, but no significant linear trend is detected for the period 1979–2012. The spatial distribution and linear trends of the Arctic cyclones track density show that the cyclone activity extent is the widest in summer with significant increasing trend in CRU(central Russia)subregion, and the largest track density is in winter with decreasing trend in the same subregion. The linear regressions between the cyclone track density and large-scale indices for the same period and pre-period sea ice area indices show that Arctic cyclone activities are closely linked to large-scale atmospheric circulations, such as Arctic Oscillation(AO), North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO) and Pacific-North American Pattern(PNA). Moreover,the pre-period sea ice area is significantly associated with the cyclone activities in some regions. 相似文献
16.
南大洋气旋气候与变化特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
A new climatology of cyclones in the Southern Ocean is generated by applying an automated cyclone detection and tracking algorithm(developed by Hodges at the Reading University) for an improved and relatively highresolution European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts atmospheric reanalysis during 1979–2013.A validation shows that identified cyclone tracks are in good agreement with a available analyzed cyclone product.The climatological characteristics of the Southern Ocean cyclones are then analyzed,including track,number,density,intensity,deepening rate and explosive events.An analysis shows that the number of cyclones in the Southern Ocean has increased for 1979–2013,but only statistically significant in summer.Coincident with the circumpolar trough,a single high-density band of cyclones is observed in 55°–67°S,and cyclone density has generally increased in north of this band for 1979–2013,except summer.The intensity of up to 70% cyclones in the Southern Ocean is less than 980 h Pa,and only a few cyclones with pressure less than 920 h Pa are detected for1979–2013.Further analysis shows that a high frequency of explosive cyclones is located in the band of 45°–55°S,and the Atlantic Ocean sector has much higher frequent occurrence of the explosive cyclones than that in the Pacific Ocean sector.Additionally,the relationship between cyclone activities in the Southern Ocean and the Southern Annular Mode is discussed. 相似文献
17.
西北太平洋热带气旋发生的时空变化特征 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
利用中国气象局整编的1949-1988年的《台风年鉴》和1989-2000年的《热带气旋年鉴》资料，统计分析了西北太平洋热带气旋的主要发生源地、各强度等级热带气旋发生的经纬度变化特征、各强度等级热带气旋发生源地和发生频率的季节变化特征。结果表明：西北太平洋有三个热带气旋的主要发生地，分别是南海中北部偏东洋面、菲律宾以东至加罗林群岛之间的洋面、加罗林群岛一带洋面；热带气旋强度越强，发生位置越偏南、偏东；热带气旋平均发生源地存在明显的季节变化特征，冬季平均发生源地偏南偏东，以后逐渐向北向西偏移，夏季以后又向南向东偏移；各强度等级热带气旋2月平均发生频率最小，8月平均发生频率最大，全年TC较集中地发生在7～10月期间。 相似文献
18.
Numerical modeling of extreme sea levels associated with tropical cyclones in the Indian seas has been confined to the northern part of the Bay of Bengal (north of Tamil Nadu). However, limited attempts have been made for modeling of surges along the Tamil Nadu and Sri Lankan coasts. Although, very rarely, cyclones form south of 10°N, there are some instances of severe cyclonic storms hitting these areas and causing widespread destruction to life and property. Keeping this in view, a suitable location-specific, high-resolution, numerical model has been developed for the prediction of storm surges in these regions with a grid resolution of 3 km. Using the model, numerical experiments are performed to simulate the storm surge associated with the 1964 Rameswaram cyclone, the 1978 Batticaloa cyclone, the 1992 Tuticorin cyclone, the 1993 Karaikal cyclone, and the 1994 Madras cyclone. During the years 1964, 1978, and 1992, the cyclones struck both Sri Lanka and Tamil Nadu coasts, while in 1993 and 1994, the cyclones struck only the Tamil Nadu coast. It is found that the computed sea surface elevations are in close agreement with the available observations/estimates. 相似文献
19.
The distribution of chlorophyll a in the tropical eastern Indian Ocean in austral summer 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
HONG Lish WANG Chunsheng ZHOU Yadong CHEN Mianrun LIU Hongbin LIN Zhongyang SONG Xunshu 《海洋学报(英文版)》2012,31(5):146-159
To study the effect of hydrographic factors on the spatial distributions of chlorophyll a (Chl a), an investigation was carried out in the tropical eastern Indian Ocean (80 -100 E along 7 S, and 7 -18 S along 80 E) in December 2010. The fluorescent method was used to obtain total Chl a and size-fractioned Chl a at the 26 stations. The results show that surface Chl a concentration averaged at (0.168 ± 0.095) mg/m 3 s.d. (range: 0.034-0.475 mg/m 3 ), concentrations appeared to be higher in the west for longitudinal variations, and higher in the north for latitudinal variations. Furthermore, the surface Chl a concentration was lower (0.034-0.066 mg/m 3 ) in the region to the south of 16 S. There was a strong subsurface Chl a maximum layer at all stations and the depth of the Chl a maximum increased towards to the east and south along with the respective nitracline. The spatial variation of Chl a was significant: correlation and regression analysis suggests that it was primarily affected by PO 3 4 , N(NO 3 -N+NO 2 -N) and temperature. Size-fractionated Chl a concentration clearly showed that the study area was a typical oligotrophic open ocean, in which picophytoplankton dominated, accounting for approximately 67.8% of total Chl a, followed by nanophytoplankton (24.5%) and microphytoplankton (7.6%). The two larger fractions were sensitive to the limitation of P, while picophytoplankton was primarily affected by temperature. 相似文献
20.
D. A. Yarovaya V. V. Efimov M. V. Shokurov S. V. Stanichnyi V. S. Barabanov 《Physical Oceanography》2008,18(3):154-167
A long-living mesoscale cyclone observed over the Black Sea in September 2005 was characterized by a high wind velocity (25
m/sec) and induced an abnormal lowering of the sea-surface temperature (by more than 10°C). We performed the numerical simulation
of this cyclone by using the MM5 model and the data of global operative analysis. The evolution of the cyclone and its structure
similar to the structure of a tropical cyclone are reproduced. The primary azimuthal and secondary radial circulations, the
clear-sky eye with warm core at medium levels, and the eyewall with strong air updraft and intense convection and precipitation
are well visible. The fluxes of sensible and latent heat on the sea surface played the key role in the initiation and development
of this cyclone.
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Translated from Morskoi Gidrofizicheskii Zhurnal, No. 3, pp. 41–55, May–June, 2008. 相似文献