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1.
In recent major earthquakes, the researchers have found the need for consideration of vertical seismic acceleration for the stability analysis of the man-made and natural slopes. However, in most past studies, the performance of slopes has been assessed by accounting only the horizontal seismic component of the ground motion, without giving due weightage to the effect of vertical component. In the present study, analytical expressions are derived to determine the factor of safety, yield seismic coefficient and consequently the seismic displacement of cohesionless soil slope under combined horizontal and vertical components of the ground motion. The derivation uses the Newmark’s sliding block approach, in which the soil slope with a planar failure surface within the framework of conventional pseudo-static analysis is assumed to follow the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion. The effects of vertical seismic coefficient on the stability of cohesionless slope have been studied through a set of graphical presentations for a specific range of soil parameters. It is observed that overlooking the effect of the vertical component of the ground motion on factor of safety and the displacement while designing the slope may be detrimental, resulting in the slope failure. The general expressions presented in this paper may be highly useful in the field of earthquake geotechnical engineering practice for designing the cohesionless soil slopes under combined horizontal and vertical seismic loads. 相似文献
2.
Prestack elastic reverse time migration ( RTM) requires multicomponent seismic data .But for multi-component elastic Kirchhoff migration , there is a limitation that ray theory no longer applies if thegeology be-comes complicated .In this paper, the authors have created a new 2D migration context for isotropic , elastic RTM, which included decomposition of the elastic source and receiver wavefields into P and S wave vectors by decoupled elastodynamic extrapolation , which retained the same stress and particle velocity components as the input data .Then we appliedsource-normalized crosscorrelation imaging condition in elastic reverse time migra-tion to compensate the energy of deep strata .We found that the resulting images were nearly identical to the ve-locity model , and the resolution has been improved .Our method is a wavefielddecomposition based on vector , and we can alsoavoid the problem of polarity reversal of converted shear wave imaging .It proved the applicabili-ty of the method proposed in our paper . 相似文献
3.
Cracks in rock or soil slopes influence the stability and durability of the slopes. Seismic forces can trigger slope disasters, particularly in the cracked slopes. Considering the nonlinear characteristics of materials, the more generalized nonlinear failure criterion proposed by Baker is adopted. The influence of non-dimensional strength parameters on the stability of cracked slopes under earthquakes is performed using the upper bound limit analysis. The seismic displacement is calculated by adopting the logarithmic spiral failure surface according to the sliding rigid block model. Based on the existing studies, two methods for the stability analysis of cracked slopes under earthquakes are introduced: the pseudo-static method(with the factor of safety(Fs) as an evaluation index), and the displacement-based method(with the seismic displacement as an evaluation index). The pseudo-static method can only determine the instantaneous stability state of the cracked slope, yet the displacement-based methodreflects the stability variation of cracked slopes during earthquakes. The results indicate that the nondimensional strength parameters affect the factor of safety and seismic displacement of slopes significantly. The non-dimensional strength parameter(n) controlling the curvature of strength function shapes on the slope stability is affected by other parameters. Owing to cracks, the effect of non-dimensional strength parameters on seismic displacement becomes more significant. 相似文献
4.
The present study reflects upon the results of substantial program of two-dimensional Finite Element Method （FEM） numerical analyses of the open pit that links to slope angle optimization associated with the safety factor of the pit slope of a coal mine in Bangladesh. In the present analyses, two types of models have been presented. The first model estimates safety factor without seismic effect on the overall pit slope of the model; the second model incorporates safety factor with seismic stability of the model. The calculated optimum slope angle of the first model is 31% with a rational safety factor of 1.51, prior to the seismic effect. However, the value is reduced to 0.93, 0.82, and 0.72, after we applies the seismic effect in the second model with M6, M6.5, and M7, respectively. Finally, our modeling results emphasize that for the case of the proposed Phulbari coalmine, there is extremely high prospect for causing massive slope failure along the optimum pit slope angle with 31% if the mine area felt seismic shaking, like the Sikkim （in northern India） earthquake with M6.9 on September 18, 2011. 相似文献
5.
This study discussed how cavity gas pressure affects the stability of rock mass with fractures under well controlled laboratory experiments. Suddenly-created void space created and the induced gas pressures have been the focus of active researches because they are associated with fast movement of large-scale landslides. A shaking table experiment was set up to mimic weak-intercalated rock slope under seismic loads. Excessive cavity gas pressure would be produced in weak spots upon a sudden vibration load. The drastically elevated gas pressure is believed to be responsible for the creation of cavities surrounding the tension fracture. With dissipation of the excessive cavity gas pressure, the fractures are in unbounded closed-state. This observation explains that the slope body would be split and loosened under several aftershocks, and with the expanding of the cracks, the slope failure eventually occurred. The research of the mechanism of cavity gas pressure could provide a novel insight into the formation mechanism of landslides under seismic load and has implications for the disaster prevention and control theory for the slope stability evaluation. 相似文献
6.
Vegetation in slopes can effectively improve slope stability.However,it is difficult to estimate the effects of vegetation on slope stability because of variations in plant species and environmental conditions.Moreover,influences of plant growth on slope stability change with time,resulting in changes in the safety factor.This study was conducted to evaluate the stability of vegetated slopes with time and investigate the effects of different layouts of plant species on slope stability.Here,we used a plant growth model and slope stability analysis to build an evaluation model.To accomplish this,one species of tree,shrub and grass was chosen to set six layout patterns.A slope with no vegetation served as a control.The safety factors of the seven slopes were then calculated using the developed evaluation model and differences in the safety factors of slopes were compared and discussed.The slope vegetated with Platycladus orientalis reached the most stable state at the age of 60 years.Shrub slope(Vitex negundo)had the maximum safety factor after 20 years.Overall,the safety factor of vegetated slopes increased from 12.1%to 49.6% compared to the slope with no vegetation.When wind force was considered,the safety factor value of the slope changed from 3.5%to 43.5%.Vegetation mixtures of trees and grasses resulted in the best slope stability.Planting grasses on slopes can improve slope stability of trees to a greater degree than that of slopes with shrubs in the early stage of growth. 相似文献
7.
基于等分圆弧滑面的简化条件,采用土塑性极限分析理论,建立了土质边坡极限分析模型,并推导得到了土质边坡稳定系数计算公式。该方法考虑了圆弧滑面的内能耗散率作用和边坡土体自重荷载、地震惯性力及孔隙水压力所做的外功率作用,可以解决土质边坡稳定性分析问题,是一种改进的土质边坡稳定性评价极限分析方法。 相似文献
8.
《世界地质(英文版)》2015,(4)
The study on seismic anisotropy is one of the difficult problems in the field of geophysics nowadays.As a method of ray theory,the seismic anisotropy ray tracing is an important means to study the anisotropic seismic wave propagation. The traditional ray tracing system formulated in terms of elastic parameters in the anisotropy is more complicated than that in the isotropic case. Considering the difficulty,a kind of ray tracing system formulated in terms of phase velocity and group velocity is introduced. The new method is similar to the expressions for isotropic media,and avoids the trouble of determining the eigenvalue vector at each time. Besides the ray tracing numerical simulation of different models of vertical transversely isotropic( VTI) medium is carried out,in order to verify the accuracy and applicability of the method and further study the characteristics of wave field propagation in different VTI mediums. The study is certainly valuable in reference for later processing of the anisotropic seismic data. 相似文献
9.
汶川地震触发的最大滑坡——大光包滑坡是受控于斜坡先期层间构造错动带(软弱层)的大型地震滑坡, 该软弱层不但遭受了强烈的历史构造碎裂, 还在地震中产生了大面积新生震裂, 其成因及对大光包滑坡启动的贡献一直是国内外研究焦点。以大光包滑坡为地质原型, 将层间构造错动带概化为含软弱层单元地质体模型, 基于地震波射线理论, 建立了垂直P波入射过程考虑软弱层顶底界面波场转换和时间延迟的动力响应理论模型, 开展了垂直振动作用下含软弱层单元地质体振动台模型试验, 获得了软弱层应力放大特征及受地震强度和频率的影响规律, 揭示振动波在软弱层顶底界面的波场转换和能量分配产生了振幅衰减, 以及因软弱层与上下硬层介质属性差异造成的时间延迟, 共同导致应力分异和叠加, 促使软弱层应力放大; 从而认为, 强震过程中大光包滑坡先期层间构造错动带应力放大导致了带内岩体碎裂, 降低了滑带岩体抗剪强度, 从而促使强震过程中滑坡快速启动。 相似文献
10.
Study on Dynamic Response of the ＂Dualistic＂ Structure Rock Slope with Seismic Wave Theory 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Currently, scant attention has been paid to the theoretical analysis on dynamic response mechanism of the ＂Dualistic＂ structure roek slope. The analysis presented here provides insight into the dynamic response of the ＂Dualistie＂ structure rock slope. By investigating the principle of energy distribution, it is shown that the effect of a joint plays a significant role in slope stability analysis. A dynamic reflection and transmission model （RTM） for the ＂Dualistic＂ structure rock slope and explicit dynamic equations are established to analyze the dynamic response of a slope, based on the theory of elastic mechanics and the principle of seismic wave propagation. The theoretical simulation solutions show that the dynamic response of the ＂Dualistic＂ structure rock slope （soft-hard） model is greater than that of the ＂Dualistic＂ strueture rock slope （hard-soft） model, especially in the slope crest. The magnifying effect of rigid foundation on the dynamic response is more obvious than that of soft foundation. With the amplitude increasing, the cracks could be found in the right slope （soft-hard） crest. The crest failure is firstly observed in the right slope （soft-hard） during the experimental process. The reliability of theoretical model is also investigated by experiment analysis. The conclusions derived in this paper could also be used in future evaluations of Multi-layer rock slopes. 相似文献
11.
12.
基于可拓工程法的黄土路堑边坡稳定性评价方法 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
针对影响黄土路堑边坡稳定性因素的复杂性和模糊性,重视实践中的经验,将可拓工程方法与路堑边坡稳定性评价相结合,提出了路堑边坡稳定性评价的物元关联函数及物元关联度的计算方法。建立了适合可拓学理论的边坡稳定性分类标准,实现了定性与定量评价黄土路堑边坡的结合。实例评价结果与定值计算、工程实际调查结果一致。 相似文献
13.
1 ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＷｉｔｈｔｈｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｃｏｍｐｕｔｉｎｇｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅｓｔｈｅｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｆｉｎｖｅｒｓｅｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓｈａｓｅｘｔｅｎｓｉｖｅｌｙｂｅｅｎｕｓｅｄｉｎｍａｎｙｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｆｉｃｆｉｅｌｄｓ .Ｔｈ 相似文献
14.
The inverse problem of wave equation is the importance of study not only in seismic prospecting but also in applied mathematics. With the development of the research, the inverse methods of 1 - D wave equations have been trending towards the multiple parameters inversion . We have obtained an inverse method with double -parameter, in which medium density and wave velocity can be derived simultaneously. In this paper, to increase the inverse accuracy, the method is improved as follows. Firstly, the formula in which the Green Function is omitted are derived and used. Secondly, the regularizing method is reasonable used by choosing the stable function. With the new method, we may derive elastic parameter and medium density or medium density and wave velocity. Thus, lithology parameters for seismic prospecting may be obtained.After comparing the derived values from the new method with that from previous method, we obtain the new method through which substantially improve the derived accuracy . The new method has been applied to real depths inversion for sedimentary strata and volcanic rock strata in Chaoyanggou Terrace of Songliao Basin in eastern China. According to the inverse results,the gas - bearing beds are determlned. 相似文献
15.
Experimental study of motion characteristics of rock slopes with weak intercalation under seismic excitation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In order to investigate the effect of a weak intercalation on slope stability, a large-scale shaking table model test was conducted to study the dynamic response of rock slope models with weak intercalation. The dynamic response of the prototype slopes were studied in laboratory with the consideration of law of similitude. The initiation failure was observed in the rock slope model with a counter-tilt thin-weak intercalation firstly, not in the slope model with a horizontal thin-weak intercalation. Furthermore, it was interesting that the fracture site is shifted from crest top to the slope surface near the weak intercalation, which is different with the location of failure position in a normal layered slope. We also discussed the effect of the dip angle and the thickness of weak intercalation on the failure mechanism and instability mode of the layered rock slope. From the experimental result, it was noted that the stability of the slope with a counter-tilt weak intercalation could be worse than that of the other slopes under seismic excitation. The findings showed the difference of failure in slopes with a horizontal and counter weak intercalation, and implicated the further evaluation of failure of layered slopes caused by seismic loads. 相似文献
16.
地下开采导致的地表残余倾斜对采空区公路路基的稳定性有重要影响。针对采空区公路路基的稳定性评价,笔者提出了基于概率积分法和Knothe时间函数的地表残余倾斜的计算方法,分析了路基稳定性的条分法计算原理及残余倾斜对路基稳定性的影响机理,推导了基于解析法的路基最不利滑动面计算公式,使用C#语言编制了路基稳定性系数计算软件,并通过工程实例,对提出的方法和软件进行了验证,分析了地表残余倾斜、路基边坡坡率对路基稳定性的影响。 相似文献
17.
基于主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA)方法构建理论模型进行三分量地震偏振分析试算,获得较准确的检波器的水平方位角和垂直倾角,然后对地震响应进行坐标旋转,从而校正检波器方向。将该方法应用于跨孔井间弹性波波速测试,对实测资料进行偏振分析可知,初至P波与初至S波分别在HP分量和R分量中得到加强,不仅有利于初至起跳的拾取,还可以获得较准确的波速资料,为岩土工程设计提供更精确的动力学参数。 相似文献
18.
The stability and seismic behavior of geosynthetic-reinforced embankments during the earthquake is not well known.In this paper,the damage types of embankments were summarized,and the seismic stability of reinforced embankment were analyzed through an earthquake damage investigation in the Wenchuan earthquake region.Then,large-scale shaking table model tests were performed on the geosynthetic-reinforced embankment.The results show that the damage level of the reinforced embankment was almost less than that of the unreinforced embankment.The peak seismic earth pressure was nonlinear along the height of the embankment,the largest peak seismic earth pressure was roughly in the middle of the embankment slope.The peak ground accelerations(PGA)amplification factor first showed an increasing pattern and then a decreasing pattern with the increase of elevation,but there was a final increasing trend along the height of the reinforced embankment.The results can help to establish the proper design of the reinforcement embankments under earthquake conditions. 相似文献
19.
在持续降雨或开挖卸荷作用下, 土体的强度指标会发生劣化, 但现今采用的边坡稳定性计算大多直接将其视为一个常数。为接近真实的边坡失稳破坏模式, 基于瑞典条分法以及一阶线性应变软化机制, 提出了一种边坡渐进破坏分析新方法, 推导出应变软化型边坡极限平衡表达式, 并获得了各破坏进度下边坡的安全系数。通过对模拟算例进行分析, 证明了条分-软化法的可靠性, 且计算结果表明渐进破坏过程中安全系数不仅取决于边坡的破坏方式与强度参数, 还与岩土体的软化模量密切相关。同时, 通过与滑坡实际案例的对比验算, 证实其强度指标存在不同的衰减系数, 即黏聚力的衰减系数大于摩擦角。从理论到应用, 最终获得的条分-软化法, 不仅考虑了岩土体的强度劣化效应以及滑动面的渐进发展, 还能有效地服务于实际工程背景下边坡的稳定性分析, 可以为滑坡的预防与治理提供指导建议。 相似文献
20.
Acoustic-elastic coupled media is often encountered in most marine explorations, and accurate simulation of acoustic-elastic coupled media is of great significance. At present, the study of acoustic-elastic coupled media still assumes that the solid of the acoustic-elastic coupled media is isotropic, but this assumption is not in accordance with the actual situation. In this paper, we derive the solid media of acoustic-elastic coupled media from isotropic media to anisotropic media, and propose an acoustic-elastic coupled medium based ontransverse isotropic media with vertical symmetric axes(VTI) to improve the accuracy of forward modeling. Based on the relationship between the Thomsen parameter and the coefficient matrix of the anisotropic elastic wave equation, we transform the Thomson parameter into a velocity model with anisotropic properties. We use a staggered grid finite difference method to simulate the propagation of a wavefield in a three-dimensional acoustic-elastic coupled media. We obtain the snapshots of the wave field when the solid of the acoustic-elastic coupled media is an isotropic medium and a VTI media. When the solid of the acoustic-elastic coupled media is considered VTI media, we can observe the qP wave and qS wave that cannot be observed in the isotropic medium from the wave field snapshot. We can also find that the seismic records obtained by the method we use are more realistic. The algorithm proposed in this paper is of great significance for high-precision ocean numerical simulation. 相似文献