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1.
稀土元素主要通过交代碳酸盐矿物的Ca2+0进入碳酸盐格架,所以沉积碳酸盐(岩的稀土元素特征能够很好的指示沉积流体来源和古环境。常用的稀土元素指标包括稀土元素总量(ΣREE)、稀土元素配分型式、以及La、Ce、Eu、Gd和Y等元素的异常指数。碳酸盐(岩)的稀土元素含量可能受到硅酸盐矿物、Fe-Mn氧化物/氢氧化物和磷酸盐等非碳酸盐组分以及成岩蚀变作用的影响。因此,在分析过程中,我们只有排除这些影响因素,才能用碳酸盐(岩)的稀土元素指标来探讨流体来源和古环境。这要求我们采集新鲜剖面上的样品,并用适当浓度的弱酸进行分步溶样,提取适当的组分,避免样品中的非碳酸盐组分干扰原始沉积组分的稀土元素特征。不同的沉积水体和沉积相下形成的碳酸盐(岩)具有不同的稀土元素特征:从太古宙到全新世的海相碳酸盐(岩)记录了LREE亏损、La正异常和高Y/Ho值的稀土元素特征;海底孔隙水的稀土元素特征则受氧化-还原条件、离子络合形式、孔隙流体来源的制约;热液流体具有LREE富集、Eu正异常的稀土元素特征;河水和湖泊有相对平坦的稀土元素特征。因此,碳酸盐(岩)的稀土元素特征具有重要的古环境指示意义。 相似文献
2.
沾化凹陷新近系沉积岩地球化学特征及其物源指示意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用ICP-MS详细研究了沾化凹陷新近系馆陶组(Ng)和明化镇组(Nm)沉积岩的微量元素地球化学特征.结果显示:样品稀土元素(REE)质量分数相对较高,w(ΣREE)介于106.4×10-6～390.9×10-6间,馆陶组和明化镇组的平均值分别为198.83×10-6,203.18×10-6,高于大陆上地壳(UCC)和后太古宙页岩(PAAS)的平均值;稀土元素配分曲线显示LREE富集、HREE平坦和中等负Eu异常[δ(Eu)介于0.66～0.83,平均值为0.75]的典型后太古宙沉积岩特征.样品过渡族元素Cr、Co、Ni质量分数较低,与UCC相近,稍低于PAAS;高场强元素Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta、Th质量分数则相对比它们在UCC和PAAS中的质量分数高.泥岩样品的REE、Nb、Ta、Th质量分数明显高于粉砂岩和细砂岩,表明黏土矿物的吸附作用对这些元素的富集有重要的控制作用;但稀土元素的配分模式和特征参数,以及不活动元素之间的比值[如w(La)/w(Co),w(Co)/w(Th),w(Cr)/w(Th),w(Zr)/w(Hf)]并不受粒度效应的影响.微量元素地球化学特征指示沾化凹陷新近系馆陶组和明化镇组沉积岩的源岩以中酸性的长英质岩石为主,可能主要来自盆地东部的胶东隆起区,而南部鲁西隆起区广泛出露的太古宇岩石对盆地供应的碎屑量较小;物源供应的变化表明馆陶组上段沉积时期,东营水系和车沾水系开始衰退,而垦青水系仍较发育. 相似文献
3.
4.
为探究淮南深部山西组煤中稀土元素来源及地球化学特征,采集淮南煤田深部山西组煤煤样、夹矸、顶板和底板共20个样品,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测试样品中稀土元素含量及伴生元素含量,探讨了研究区深部山西组煤中稀土元素地球化学特征。研究结果表明:淮南深部山西组煤中稀土元素含量平均值为40.85 mg/kg,低于中国煤中稀土元素含量平均值;煤中稀土元素配分模式主要是H型配分模式;Eu元素明显负异常,表明煤中稀土元素沉积环境为还原环境;Ce元素呈微弱正异常,表明成煤沼泽环境中海水的影响并未造成Ce的严重亏损;相关性分析结果显示,山西组煤中稀土元素与灰分呈正相关(R2=0.55),与陆源碎屑元素Al、Cr和Th等呈显著正相关,且与海相特征元素(B、Sr和Ca)相关性不明显。 相似文献
5.
Algoma型条带状铁建造(BIF)是一种海相化学沉积岩,它发育在太古宙绿岩带的火山-沉积岩序列中,大部分经历了后期变质变形作用。稀土元素具有稳定的地球化学性质,因而被广泛用于指示BIF的原始沉积环境。华北克拉通北缘固阳绿岩带中的BIF(如三合明、公益明、东五分子、公巨成等)赋存于新太古代色尔腾山群的变火山-沉积序列中,普遍经历了绿片岩相—低角闪岩相变质,呈条带状构造,其主要矿物组成为自形—半自形粒状磁铁矿和他形粒状石英,含少量角闪石,局部地区可见石榴石、绿泥石、斜长石等富Al矿物。根据BIF中惰性元素的含量及其相关性,可划分为纯净的BIF和遭受碎屑物质混染的BIF,并通过特征的Co/Th比值判断出这些碎屑物质主要来自于玄武质岩石。纯净及遭受轻微碎屑物质混染的BIF稀土元素特征通过后太古宙页岩(PAAS)标准化后,与现代海水及其他地区典型太古宙BIF相似,均表现为轻稀土相对重稀土亏损,正La、Y异常以及较高的Y/Ho比值(29)。大多数样品发育不明显的负Ce_(PAAS)异常,说明BIF沉淀自缺氧的环境;正Eu_(PAAS)异常明显,说明海水中有高温(250℃)热液的加入,其比例为0~10%。然而,遭受强烈碎屑物质混染的BIF稀土元素特征则具有明显差异。此种类型BIF的出现及分布不均,指示了在BIF沉积之前的局部地区或时间段内,深部海水处于相对动荡的环境。 相似文献
6.
《地球化学》2017,(4)
煤中稀土元素(REE)可以提供丰富的沉积环境与物源信息,同时也是潜在的稀土元素矿产资源。运用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)、场发射扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线荧光光谱方法(XRF)和X射线衍射方法(XRD),对豫西裴沟矿二_1煤层中稀土元素含量、分布与赋存特征进行了研究。结果表明,该煤层(50)REE含量范围为22.15~278.45μg/g,平均为90.68μg/g;稀土元素的赋存与无机组分相关,与黏土矿物特别是高岭石关系最为密切;稀土元素在不同分层样品中的含量差异显著,成煤后剧烈的构造运动和煤体变形对稀土元素的含量与分布没有明显影响;部分煤分层中稀土元素的含量已经达到工业开采品位,具有潜在的开发利用前景。 相似文献
7.
准噶尔盆地石炭纪火山岩岩石地球化学特征及其构造环境意义 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
准噶尔盆地石炭纪发育区域性的火山岩建造,火山岩岩性以中基性为主,主要为玄武岩、玄武安山岩,同时发育少量酸性的流纹岩,基本属于钙碱性系列。样品全碱(Na_2O+K_2O=2.99%～8.07%)和TiO_2(0.30%～2.57%)含量较高,K_2O含量(0.13%～3.29%)较低,稀土元素含量(∑REE)中等。球粒标准化的REE配分表现轻稀土元素(LREE)相对于重稀土元素(HREE)富集((La/Yb)_N=2.47～7.45)、轻重稀土分异的特征,部分样品的Eu和大部分样品的Ce显示轻微的负异常(δEu=0.543～1.088,δCe=0.787～0.987)。微量元素具有大离子亲石元素(LILE)富集及高场强元素Nb、Ta亏损的特征,大部分样品(Rb/Yb)_N均远大于1。这些特征结合元素相关环境判别图解表明,准噶尔盆地石炭纪火山岩是原始岩浆经历了一定程度分异作用后的产物,以板内大陆环境为主,兼具有部分岛弧特征,形成于俯冲碰撞造山期后伸展背景下,火山岩所具有的岛弧特征是碰撞前混染弧组分的继承。 相似文献
8.
详细报道了五台山地区白峪里、柏枝岩和峨口(又名山羊坪铁矿)3个新太古代条带状铁矿床和冀东迁安地区条带状铁矿样品的岩石学和岩石化学特征,并与辽宁鞍山和山东韩旺以及国外同类矿床进行了对比。五台山地区和冀东迁安地区条带状铁矿的微量元素和稀土元素的含量和配分特征与国内外同类矿床十分一致:4个地区条带状铁矿样品均富集Th、U、La、Ce、P、Sm等元素,亏损K、Nb、Sr、Hf、Er、Ti等元素;稀土元素总量均较低,是太古宙海洋沉积特征之一,轻稀土元素轻微亏损,重稀土元素稍富集,具有明显的Eu的正异常,部分具有Y正异常。Y的异常通常代表了海水的特征,Eu的正异常指示了高温海底热液的特征,由此可判断铁硅质建造形成于热海水环境。五台山地区与条带状铁矿伴生的黄铁矿的δ34S值在零附近,表明其来源于地幔。由此可知所研究条带状铁矿床是幔源的火山喷发或火山喷气带来的硅铁质溶于海水后在特定条件下经化学沉积而成。 相似文献
9.
分析了华北克拉通新太古代—三叠纪 16个碎屑沉积岩组合样品。与Taylor和McLennan等提出的太古宙—元古宙界线前后沉积岩及上地壳化学组成变化不同 ,新太古代五台群沉积岩具明显负Eu异常 ,相容元素含量很低 ,不相容元素含量较高 ,与典型后太古宙沉积物组成类似。而古元古代沉积岩比五台群显示出异常高的Eu/Eu 值 ,w(Sc) /w(Th) ,w(Cr) /w (Th)比值。青白口纪、寒武纪、石炭纪和二叠纪沉积岩显示正常的后太古宙沉积岩特征。三叠纪沉积岩的Eu/Eu 值 ,w (Sc) /w (Th) ,w(Cr) /w(Th)比值再次显著升高 ,推测与华北和扬子克拉通最终的陆陆碰撞作用有关。因此 ,太古宙—元古宙界线并不一致对应于上地壳演化程度迅速增高。大陆上地壳并非总是向着分异程度提高的方向演化 ,而是部分时期可出现演化程度降低的异常现象。 相似文献
10.
沉积岩的微量元素和稀土元素蕴含了大量的地质信息,对研究物源区性质与沉积环境的重塑具有重要的指导意义。本文研究了渤海湾盆地东濮凹陷古近系沙河街组沙三段泥岩和盐岩的微量元素及稀土元素的地球化学特征。结果表明:微量元素Sr、Ba丰度高,其他Rb、V、Ni、Mn、Fe、Cr、Br等元素含量较低,多数微量元素含量比同类岩石克拉克值偏高;∑REE为47.1×10-6～268.02×10-6,平均值为181.55×10-6,接近于后太古宙页岩(PAAS)的平均值,高于大陆上地壳(UCC)平均值。轻稀土与重稀土总量的比值为7.96～11.46,平均值为9.71,其分配模式表现为轻稀土富集,重稀土相对亏损,整体特征为"右倾斜型",但重稀土元素为较平坦。铕(Eu)具有明显的亏损(0.48～0.70),铈(Ce)轻微亏损(0.89～0.97)。而盐岩样品中所含微量元素和稀土元素含量普遍很少。通过对样品中Sr/Cu、V/(V﹢Ni)、(La/Yb)N、Sr/Ba、δCe和Ceanom等特征参数的分析,总结出沙三段属于陆相沉积,处于还原、厌氧、咸水沉积环境;根据La/Th-Hf和Co/Th-La/Sc源岩判别图解、Eu、δEu以及REE—La/Yb等组合特点,显示源岩主要为中酸性长英质岩石(花岗岩)和混合长英质岩/基性岩,古老沉积岩对其贡献不大,主要来自内黄隆起和鲁西隆起的碎屑物质。 相似文献
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Three vertical sections through the Zagrad deposit of Jurassic karst bauxite in central Montenegro have provided knowledge of the vertical distribution of major and some selected trace elements, including rare earth elements (REE). Variations in the mineralogy, particularly those hosting REE, have been studied. This has revealed the presence of authigenic mineral phases such as xenotime, mottramite and monazite (best proved using Raman microprobe analysis) as well as residual phases such as zircon, titanite and monazite. The mobility of the elements during bauxitization processes has been studied to show that the REE minerals ensure progressive concentration of these elements during removal of major elements through weathering. The similarity of normalized REE in the bauxite to the typical Post-Archean Australian Shales (PAAS) and Upper Continental Crust (UCC) profile, and the preserved Eu anomaly, are evidence that the bauxite was not derived from carbonates and represents alteration of shale, marly limestone and volcanogenic or proximal igneous sourced detritus that accumulated in the original karst landform. Mass change during bauxitization, using Ti as “index” element and compared to PAAS composition, revealed almost 100% depletion of Si and weak enrichment in Al. Deeper parts of the deposit with authigenic minerals exhibit very strong enrichment in all REE. The bauxite ores have high ΣREE contents (693.5–6953.4 ppm), especially ΣLREE contents (582.8–4882.9 ppm), while ΣHREE contents (106.6–2070.5 ppm) are much lower. 相似文献
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Shahida Waheed Naila Siddique Yasir Faiz 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2013,37(2):197-205
Instrumental neutron activation analysis was used to determine nine rare earth elements (REE), Sc and five high field‐strength elements (HFSE) in the Multani Mitti (MM) clay. Chondrite‐normalised rare earth element patterns for the MM clay compared with those for the Post‐Archaean Australian Shale (PAAS), Upper Continental Crust (UCC) and North American Shale Composite (NASC) showed enrichment of light REEs and depletion of heavy REEs with a slight negative Eu anomaly. The Multani Mitti clay showed close resemblance to PAAS and NASC in its average REE and HFSE contents. Positive correlations between La/Ce, La/Sm, La/Yb, Zr/Hf, Th/U and Th/Ta ratios predict enrichment of LREEs, Zr and Th and depletion of HREEs. A parent source of felsic origin for the MM clay is also endorsed through the high La/Th and low Th/Sc ratios observed. 相似文献
13.
上三叠统延长组长7沉积时期为鄂尔多斯盆地的最大湖泛期,对陇东地区及盆地周缘古陆的岩石样品进行稀土元素地球化学分析,发现研究区泥岩样品特征与大陆上地壳一致,其稀土元素配分模式与盆地北—东北缘阴山大青山、西南缘陇西古陆、西北缘阿拉善古陆和南缘秦岭的古老岩浆岩和变质岩的稀土元素配分模式基本一致,与东缘吕梁山古老花岗岩则极度不同。研究认为,研究区沉积物源岩主要来自于上地壳,以长英质岩石为主,长7时期周缘古陆均为湖盆提供物源,而吕梁山当时并未隆起,不提供物源。 相似文献
14.
塔里木盆地塔北隆起奥陶系-侏罗系泥岩稀土元素地球化学特征 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
分析了塔里木盆地塔北隆起奥陶系、三叠系和侏罗系泥岩的稀土元素丰度。不同时代泥岩都表现出轻稀土富集、重稀土含量均一和具有Eu负异常特征;但它们∑LREE/∑HREE、LaN/YbN、(La/Yb)UCC、Eu/Eu和Ce/Ce等参数则显示这些泥岩形成时的物源和环境有差别。奥陶纪时,研究区处于相对稳定的沉积环境,物源为成熟度高的大陆上地壳;二叠纪到三叠纪构造-火山活动强烈,部分沉积物来自火山岩的风化;侏罗纪塔北隆起区则进入稳定构造沉降阶段。这一差别对认识塔里木盆地及周边造山带形成演化研究有指示意义。 相似文献
15.
安山岩风化过程中元素行为——以豫西熊耳山地区为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在风化过程中主量元素的风化行为可用风化指数来表征,但对在地球化学中更重要的微量元素的风化行为还缺少研究。本文研究了豫西熊耳山地区—安山岩风化剖面,发现花岗岩风化指数(WIG)也适用于安山岩风化过程的定量表征。基于上陆壳作标准绘制风化剖面样品稀土元素配分曲线时,发现风化过程稀土元素出现分馏现象,表现为富集中稀土;但基于球粒陨石作标准时,风化壳样品均具有相似的稀土配分曲线形态,即上陆壳是一种比球粒陨石更为敏感的稀土元素标准化标尺。牛头沟金矿区安山岩风化过程中部分微量表现出随风化程度增强而显著富集的特征,Au、Ag含量变化可达两个数量级以上,Pb、As、Hg可达一个数量级以上。 相似文献
16.
Geochemistry of Mansar Lake sediments, Jammu, India: Implication for source-area weathering, provenance, and tectonic setting 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
The sediment geochemistry, including REE, of surface and core samples from Mansar Lake, along with mineralogical investigations, have been carried out in order to understand the provenance, source area weathering, hydrolic sorting and tectonic setting of the basin. The geochemical signatures preserved in these sediments have been exploited as proxies in order to delineate these different parameters.The major element log values (Fe2O3/K2O) vs (SiO2/Al2O3) and (Na2O/K2O) vs (SiO2/Al2O3) demarcate a lithology remarkably similar to that exposed in the catchment area. The chondrite normalized REE patterns of lake samples are similar to Post Archaean Australian Shale (PAAS) with LREE enrichment, a negative Eu anomaly and almost flat HREE pattern similar to a felsic and/or cratonic sedimentary source. However, the La–Th–Sc plot of samples fall in a mixed sedimentary domain, close to Upper Continental Crust (UCC) and PAAS, suggesting sedimentary source rocks for the Mansar detritus. It also indicates that these elements remained immobile during weathering and transportation. The mineralogical characteristic, REEs, and high field strength elements (HFSE), together with the high percentage of metamorphic rock fragments in the Siwalik sandstone, support a metamorphic source for lower Siwalik sediments. A very weak positive correlation between Zr and SiO2, poor negative correlation with Al2O3, negative correlation of (La/Yb)N and (Gd/Yb)N ratios with SiO2 and positive correlation with Al2O3, suggest that Zr does not dominantly control the REE distribution in Mansar sediments. The petrographic character and textural immaturity indicate a short distance transport for the detritus. The distribution of elements in core samples reflect fractionation. The higher Zr/Th and Zr/Yb ratios in coarse sediments and PAAS compared to finer grained detritus indicate sedimentary sorting. Plots of the geochemical data on tectonic discrimination diagrams suggest that the sediments derived from the lower Siwalik were originated within a cratonic interior and later deposited along a passive margin basinal setting. It therefore reveals lower Siwalik depositional history. 相似文献
17.
灵山岛下部莱阳群重力流沉积地层以其巨厚的沉积规模,独特的沉积特征受到国内外地质学界越来越多的重视.但目前,该套地层的源区风化程度、物源性质、物源区构造背景及沉积环境尚不明确,通过对灵山岛下部莱阳群粉砂岩进行岩相学分析、主量元素XRF测试、稀土及微量元素ICP-MS测试,结果显示:粉砂岩SiO2含量较低 (平均51.78%),Fe2O3T含量较高 (平均5.73%),Na2O平均含量为2.74%,K2O平均含量为2.79%;通过主量元素投图分析,样品归类为杂砂岩及岩屑砂岩;样品ΣREE为153.00×10-6~254.38×10-6,平均为201.65×10-6,高于PAAS及UCC,富集轻稀土元素,贫重稀土元素,具有中等程度Eu负异常,弱Ce负异常;相对于UCC,样品富集大离子亲石元素,弱富集高场强元素,亏损过渡组元素.样品ICV值高 (＞0.84)、为初次循环沉积,CIA值低 (＜65) 表明源区风化强度低,物源为长英质物质及少量古地壳再旋回物质,物源区大地构造背景为大陆岛弧与活动大陆边缘,沉积环境为海相还原环境且莱阳期为干热气候.此外,应用对REE元素进行归类统计的方法来推测物源区,分析表明样品物源区最有可能为胶南群与蓬莱群地层. 相似文献
18.
Khadija Semhi Osman A. E. Abdalla Salah Al Khirbash Tabisam Khan Salim Asaidi Sardar Farooq 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2009,2(2):143-150
Groundwater samples from six wells and various species of plants from soils developed on ophiolites were collected from an arid area (AlKhod area, Oman) and analyzed for trace elements including rare earth elements (REEs). The distribution patterns of REEs in plants indicated an enrichment in middle REEs (MREEs?=?Sm to Dy) and heavy REEs (HREEs?=?Ho to Lu), when they are normalized to the REE composition of the Post Archean Australian Shale (PAAS), with a significant negative anomaly in Ce and a positive anomaly in Eu. Compared to Oman ophiolites, the REEs in different species of plants are depleted in Ce and enriched in MREEs and slightly enriched in light REE (LREE?=?from La to Nd). Relative to PAAS, the distribution of REEs in groundwaters revealed similar patterns to the REE distribution in plants. The distribution patterns of REEs in plants relative to those in waters are nearly flat. These patterns suggest that the transfer of REEs from soil solutions to the groundwaters in Oman occurs without any significant fractionation. 相似文献
19.
Dissolved rare earth elements in river waters draining karst terrains in Guizhou Province,China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Winter seasonal concentrations of dissolved rare earth elements (REE) of two major river systems (the Wujiang River system
and the Yuanjiang River system) in karst-dominated regions in winter were measured by using a method involving solvent extraction
and back-extraction and subsequent ICP-MS measurements. The dissolved REE concentrations in the rivers and their tributaries
are lower than those in most of the large rivers in the world. High pH and high cation (i.e., Na+ + Ca2+) concentrations of the rivers are the most important factors controlling the concentrations of dissolved REE in the river
water.
The dissolved load (<0.22 μm) REE distribution patterns of high-pH river waters are very different from those of low-pH river
waters. The shale (PAAS)-normalized REE patterns for the dissolved loads are characterized by light REE-enrichment and heavy
REE-enrichment. Water in the upper reaches of the Wujiang River generally shows light REE-enriched patterns, while that in
the middle and lower reaches generally shows heavy REE-enriched patterns. The Yuanjiang River is heavy REE enriched with respect
to the light REE in the same samples. Water of the Wuyanghe River draining dolomite-dominated terrains has the highest heavy
REE-enrichment. Most river water samples show the shale-normalized REE patterns with negative Ce and Eu anomalies, especially
water from Wuyanghe River. Y/Ho ratios show that the water/particle interaction might have played an important role in fractionation
between HREE and LREE. 相似文献
20.
Riccardo Biddau Michael Bensimon Rosa Cidu Aurele Parriaux 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2009,69(4):327-339
Rare earth elements (REE) were determined in 39 groundwater samples collected at 14 sites under low- and high-flow conditions. Water samples derived from aquifers hosted in crystalline, molasse, flysch, carbonate and evaporite rocks located in Western Switzerland. The concentration of REE in groundwater circulating in different rocks showed large variations: lowest concentrations (ΣREE≤10 ng/L) occurred in groundwater from evaporite aquifers; highest concentrations (ΣREE up to 516 ng/L) were observed in carbonate aquifers, although REE in these waters do vary under different hydrological conditions; groundwater from other aquifers had ΣREE from 10 to 100 ng/L. Distinct REE signatures were observed in waters draining specific rocks. The REE patterns in groundwater from crystalline, molasse and flysch aquifers showed heavy-REE enrichment at different degrees. Groundwaters circulating in crystalline rocks were distinguished by negative anomalies in Ce and Eu, whereas those from carbonate aquifers were nearly flat with ΣREE and the magnitude of negative anomaly in Ce is likely to be controlled by iron concentrations. The REE-Post-Archean Australian Shales (PAAS) normalized patterns appear useful to recognize the aquifer type and suggest the possibility to use the REE as geochemical tracers. 相似文献