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1.
岩溶水饮用水水源保护区划分技术方法——以邯郸市羊角铺水源地为例 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
位于峰峰矿区内的羊角铺水源地日开采奥陶系岩溶地下水达为9万m3,为一个大型的水源地。参照《饮用水水源保护区划分技术规范》大型水源地保护区范围确定应采用数值模型模拟计算的规定要求,本文根据羊角铺水源所在地下水系统的水文地质特征,结合模型技术的要求,利用目前国际上流行的visual modflow软件,采用数值模拟法对地下水系统的溶质运移进行模拟预测,并据之确定出羊角铺水源地不同级别的保护区范围,具体是:以水源地地下水开采井为中心,溶质质点迁移100天的距离为半径所圈定的范围作为水源地一级保护区范围,溶质质点迁移1000天的距离为半径所圈定且除去一级保护区以外的范围为二级保护区,将水源地所在的岩溶水子系统的奥陶系灰岩裸露补给区范围划定为准保护区范围。 相似文献
2.
基于数值模拟的岩溶地下水源保护区划分技术研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以山东省邹城市某岩溶水源地为例,研究数值模拟方法在岩溶地下水水源地保护区划分中的应用,以及水文地质参数对于水源地保护区划分结果的影响。基于GMS软件构建了研究区三维非稳定流地下水数值模型,采用质点追踪技术,通过反向追踪示踪粒子在运移100 d、1 000 d以及25 a后的位置及迁移轨迹,对该岩溶水源地进行保护区划分;改变数值模型中的主要水文地质参数,以变化后的保护区面积作为衡量参数敏感度的指标,并计算各参数的敏感度系数,研究水文地质参数对于保护区划分范围的影响。结果表明:当参数改变幅度在20%范围内时,一层垂向渗透系数(VK1)的敏感度系数最大可达到2.63×10-3,二层垂向渗透系数(VK2)的敏感度系数最大可达到3.64×10-3;垂向渗透系数的敏感度明显高于其他参数,说明垂向渗透系数对保护区划分范围的影响最大。因此,在应用数值模拟法对岩溶地下水源地进行保护区划分时,应尤其注意模型中各含水层垂向渗透系数取值的准确性和合理性。 相似文献
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数值模拟方法在隐伏岩溶水源地保护区划分及污染治理中的应用 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
文章以北京市东南郊大兴迭隆起隐伏岩溶水子系统内的两个水源地（大兴念坛水源地与通州龙旺庄水源地）为例,研究数值模拟方法在隐伏岩溶地下水水源地保护区划分中的应用。研究基础为基于GMS建立的包括第四系与岩溶含水层在内的三维非稳定流地下水数值模拟模型,采用的主要技术手段为质点追踪技术,结合溶质质点迁移100 d与1 000 d的距离划分水源地的一级与二级保护区,并提出相应的污染防控措施。研究得出,对于隐伏岩溶水大部分来自上覆第四系松散孔隙水越流补给的情况,岩溶水源地保护区即是上覆松散含水层的保护区范围,应加强第四系孔隙含水层地下水污染的防治,以保护岩溶水不受污染。 相似文献
5.
北京地下水资源持续超采,已出现水资源枯竭和浅层地下水大面积污染问题,建立饮用水源地保护区是保护地下水水源的有效手段。本文应用数值模拟法和公式法,对北京大兴新城水源地保护区进行划分。考虑大兴水厂所在地水文地质条件,分别对第四系和基岩进行保护区划分,对不同分区进行叠加,得出水源地保护区范围。通过两种方法计算出的保护区面积相差不大,但是数值模拟法计算出的二级保护区面积比公式法计算的结果小5.5km2,主要因为公式法计算时没有考虑地下水含水层边界条件和岩溶地下水富水性不均一等因素,而数值模拟模型在水文地质条件的基础上进行水源地保护区划分,比较符合水源地所在区域实际的水文地质条件。通过对划分结果的对比和分析可以看出,公式法划分水源保护区的方法简便易行,但是概化结果与实际地质条件差异较大。数值模拟法对含水层结构和水文地质条件的概化相对客观、详尽,但是该法应用过程较复杂。在实际划分水源保护区的工作中,应将公式法和数值模拟法结合应用。 相似文献
6.
地下水资源是北京供水系统的支柱,设立地下水水源地保护区,是保护水源地最大可能免受人类活动影响、保证水质安全的重要措施。论文以北京市某典型水源地为例,在收集相关水文地质勘查、长期动态观测、水源地开采现状、规划及周边污染源调查等成果资料的基础上,建立了地下水系统水文地质概念模型,模拟出地下水流场。通过质点追踪技术,计算水源地水力捕获带范围。综合考虑水源地周边地形、地物和潜在风险污染源等因素,确定了水源地保护区的范围。结果表明,数值模拟法能客观详细地刻画实际地下水含水层的结构与水文地质条件,划分结果可靠、准确,能为地下水管理部门提供有效合理的保护依据。 相似文献
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为解决确定性模型可能为地下水源地划分带来的保护不足或过保护问题,探索采用基于正交拉丁超立方抽样法的地下水模型研究,并结合粒子反向追踪技术,进行地下水流随机模拟和对应保护区的概率统计分析,最终得到具有分布概率的保护区范围。为验证该方法的实用性与可靠性,选取北京市平谷区王都庄应急水源地进行实例应用研究。在考虑渗透系数和降雨补给量随机抽样组合基础上进行地下水流动随机模拟,并完成对应保护区划分和加权统计。与确定性模拟划分结果相对比:一级保护区中,确定性模拟划分结果仅相当于随机模拟结果中统计概率70%以上的范围;对于二级保护区,确定法对应保护面积相当于随机模拟结果中50%概率以上的范围。实例研究表明,基于正交拉丁超立方抽样的随机模拟法可完成多个不确定性输入变量条件下的随机模拟,且在小样本数的基础上获得理想结果,适用于复杂水文地质条件下的地下水源地保护区划分研究。 相似文献
8.
科学合理的划分饮用水源保护区、保障饮用水源的水质安全极为重要和迫切。从《饮用水水源保护区划分技术规范》着手,对大曹庄管理区的概况、现状地下水动态和开发利用等情况进行分析,用《规范》对大曹庄管理区饮用水水源地进行保护区划分。切实保护好各级保护区内的水质,对需尽快完成的工作进行了建议。 相似文献
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《水文地质工程地质》2018,(6)
科学合理地划分地下饮用水源保护区,有助于以最低的经济代价防范地下水源被污染。以内蒙古呼和浩特市为例,在对其水文地质条件进行详细分析的基础上,利用MODFLOW建立地下水渗流场,利用MODPATH进行粒子反向示踪模拟,然后以井口粒子运移100 d和1 000 d的范围为标准确定一级和二级保护区的范围。根据水源地的特点,从社会经济和工程技术等方面提出了合理的地下水保护建议及保护区管理措施,为地下饮用水源保护区划分的发展趋势和研究方向提供借鉴,并更好地实现地下水资源的可持续发展。 相似文献
11.
Protection of groundwater intended for human consumption: a proposed methodology for defining safeguard zones 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
A. Jiménez-Madrid F. Carrasco-Cantos C. Martínez-Navarrete 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,65(8):2391-2406
Carbonate aquifers constitute a water reserve of essential importance for human supply. For this, it is necessary to establish
suitable protection measures in order to achieve the good status of groundwater bodies intended for human supply according
to the requirements of the Water Framework Directive. The objective of this paper is to present a methodology to define safeguard
zones for the protection of carbonate groundwater bodies intended for human consumption. To do this, firstly the risk of groundwater
contamination is evaluated through a combination of characterising pressures and the evaluation of the intrinsic vulnerability
to contamination. Secondly, the existing water abstraction points are identified and their zones of contribution are delineated
in order to establish priorities when defining protective measures in the region. Finally, the existing wellhead protection
areas and those defined according to the proposed methodology must be integrated into the delineated safeguard zones. The
results obtained in a carbonate groundwater body in southern Spain are consistent with the existing quality data and they
show the percentage of land that must be protected to preserve the quality of water intended for human consumption, thus facilitating
their future integration into adequate land use planning tools. 相似文献
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http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987111001137 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
Integration of remote sensing data and the geographical information system(GIS) for the exploration of groundwater resources has become a breakthrough in the field of groundwater research, which assists in assessing,monitoring,and conserving groundwater resources.In the present paper, various groundwater potential zones for the assessment of groundwater availability in Theni district have been delineated using remote sensing and GIS techniques.Survey of India toposheets and IRS-1C satellite imageries are used to prepare various thematic layers viz.lithology,slope,land-use,lineament, drainage,soil,and rainfall were transformed to raster data using feature to raster converter tool in ArcGIS.The raster maps of these factors are allocated a fixed score and weight computed from multi influencing factor(MIF) technique.Moreover,each weighted thematic layer is statistically computed to get the groundwater potential zones.The groundwater potential zones thus obtained were divided into four categories,viz.,very poor,poor,good,and very good zones.The result depicts the groundwater potential zones in the study area and found to be helpful in better planning and management of groundwater resources. 相似文献
14.
The Cretaceous age Chalk of south east England forms an important aquifer. Within chalk the storage and transmission of groundwater is enhanced by subsurface karstic weathering. The case study presented in this paper demonstrates that current approaches to assessing groundwater vulnerability to pollution and delineating source protection zones are flawed, as they do not take proper account of the karstic nature of chalk.Improved techniques, based on understanding the geological and geomorphological controls of karst development in chalk, are proposed to overcome the shortcomings of published groundwater vulnerability maps. The results also demonstrate the inadequacies of current groundwater modelling approaches for defining source protection zones. The techniques follow European Commission research recommendations by taking account of recharge, presence of overlying cover deposits, the nature of chalk karst and the way in which it influences the flow of groundwater. The approach described allows for better informed decisions to be made about chalk aquifer management to ensure adequate protection and conservation of groundwater. For example, the published groundwater vulnerability map shows Lambeth Group deposits classified as being a minor aquifer of low groundwater vulnerability in the chosen study area. However, by applying the new techniques, they are classified as having an Aquifer Vulnerability Rating of moderate to very high, when taking the karstic development of the underlying chalk into account. 相似文献
15.
Delineation of capture zones for municipal wells in fractured dolomite, Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin, USA 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
A wellhead protection study for the city of Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin, USA, demonstrates the necessity of combining detailed
hydrostratigraphic analysis with groundwater modeling to delineate zones of contribution for municipal wells in a fractured
dolomite aquifer. A numerical model (MODFLOW) was combined with a particle tracking code (MODPATH) to simulate the regional
groundwater system and to delineate capture zones for municipal wells. The hydrostratigraphic model included vertical and
horizontal fractures and high-permeability zones. Correlating stratigraphic interpretations with field data such as geophysical
logs, packer tests, and fracture mapping resulted in the construction of a numerical model with five high-permeability zones
related to bedding planes or facies changes. These zones serve as major conduits for horizontal groundwater flow. Dipping
fracture zones were simulated as thin high-permeability layers. The locations of exposed bedrock and surficial karst features
were used to identify areas of enhanced recharge. Model results show the vulnerability of the municipal wells to pollution.
Capture zones for the wells extend several kilometers north and south from the city. Travel times from recharge areas to all
wells were generally less than one year. The high seasonal variability of recharge in the study area made the use of a transient
model necessary.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
16.
Khaled S. Gemail Mohamed El Alfy Mohamed F. Ghoneim Ahmed M. Shishtawy Moheb Abd El-Bary 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(9):350
DRASTIC indexing and integrated electrical conductivity (IEC) modeling are approaches for assessing aquifer vulnerability to surface pollution. DRASTIC indexing is more common, but IEC modeling is faster and more cost-effective because it requires less data and fewer processing steps. This study aimed to compare DRASTIC indexing with IEC modeling to determine whether the latter is sufficient on its own. Both approaches are utilized to determine zones vulnerable to groundwater pollution in the Nile Delta. Hence, assessing the nature and degree of risk are important for realizing effective measures toward damage minimization. For DRASTIC indexing, hydrogeological factors such as depth to aquifer, recharge rate, aquifer media, soil permeability, topography, impact of the vadose zone, and hydraulic conductivity were combined in a geographical information system environment for assessing the aquifer vulnerability. For IEC modeling, DC resistivity data were collected from 36 surface sounding points to cover the entire area and used to estimate the IEC index. Additionally, the vulnerable zones identified by both approaches were tested using a local-scale resistivity survey in the form of 1D and 2D resistivity imaging to determine the permeable pathways in the vadose zone. A correlation of 0.82 was obtained between the DRASTIC indexing and IEC modeling results. For additional benefit, the obtained DRASTIC and IEC models were used together to develop a vulnerability map. This map showed a very high vulnerability zone, a high-vulnerability zone, and moderate- and low-vulnerability zones constituting 19.89, 41, 27, and 12%, respectively, of the study area. Identifying where groundwater is more vulnerable to pollution enables more effective protection and management of groundwater resources in vulnerable areas. 相似文献
17.
为查明丹东地区地下水质量与污染现状,提出科学的污染防治区划建议,基于层次分析法原理,选择地下水质量状况、污染现状、天然脆弱性、土地利用状况、地下水资源状况及开采现状为准则层,综合运用模糊评价法、层级阶梯法、DRASTIC法、线性加权函数法和MapGIS空间分析等技术方法开展研究.结果表明：Ⅰ~Ⅲ类水质分布面积占全区面积的91.65%,轻-中度污染水占95.81%,较弱-中等地下水脆弱区域占98.15%,准则层各指标综合评价后全区可划分为重要地下水水源地保护区、自然防护区、一般防护区和重点防护区等4类地下水污染防治保护区.结论：丹东地区总体地下水环境状况良好,但重点防护区内城镇化程度较高,人类活动对地下水环境影响较强,建议地方政府通过定期监测评价水质与水量、改善用水单位取水和排污工艺、合理调配地表水与地下水资源开发等方式加强防护. 相似文献
18.
G. K. Reddy T. Seshunarayana Rajeev Menon P. Senthil Kumar 《Journal of Earth System Science》2010,119(5):745-751
Fracture and fault networks are conduits that facilitate groundwater movement in hard-rock terrains. Soil-gas helium emanometry
has been utilized in Wailapally watershed, near Hyderabad in southern India, for the detection of fracture and fault zones
in a granite basement terrain having a thin regolith. Based on satellite imagery and geologic mapping, three sites were selected
for detailed investigation. High spatial resolution soil-gas samples were collected at every one meter at a depth of >1.5m
along 100m long profiles (3 in number). In addition, deep shear-wave images were also obtained using the multichannel analysis
of surface waves. The study clearly indicates several soil-gas helium anomalies (above 200 ppb) along the profiles, where
the shear-wave velocity images also show many near-surface vertical low velocity zones. We thus interpret that the soil-gas
helium anomalous zones and the vertical low-velocity zones are probable traces of fault/fracture zones that could be efficient
natural recharge zones and potential groundwater conduits. The result obtained from this study demonstrates the efficacy of
an integrated approach of soil-gas helium and the seismic methods for mapping groundwater resource zones in granite/gneiss
provinces. 相似文献
19.
Assessment of groundwater vulnerability to pollution in Dire Dawa,Ethiopia using DRASTIC 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Assessment of groundwater vulnerability to pollution is an effective tool for the delineation of groundwater protection zones.
DRASTIC approach was used to determine vulnerability zones in Dire Dawa groundwater basin, a semiarid region of Ethiopia.
Maps of the seven DRASTIC parameters were prepared. GIS-ArcView was used for mapping and performing weighted-overlay analysis.
The result of the analysis indicated that eastern part of the study area, in which Dire Dawa town is located, is highly vulnerable.
A low aquifer vulnerability class was determined for the western portion of the study area as a result of greater groundwater
depths, higher relative soil-clay content, and relatively low recharge rates for this area. The area between the two zones
is of medium vulnerability. Observed nitrate concentrations in boreholes are in accordance with the vulnerability map. Some
of the boreholes in the Sabian well field (Dire Dawa area) already deliver groundwater with nitrate levels significantly exceeding
health standards set by the World Health Organization, while boreholes in the western part (low vulnerability zone) contain
almost no nitrate. The result of this study is useful for risk assessments and for the development of effective groundwater
management strategies for this region and others like it. 相似文献
20.
以内蒙古呼和浩特市平原区地下水系统为例,采用传统DRASTIC方法和同位素3H浓度、3H与14C测年的新方法划分了不同的地下水系统防污性能区,开展了地下水系统防污性评价方法研究。研究结果表明,DRASTIC方法评价结果显示了浅层地下水系统对来自垂向上污染物的固有防御能力;同位素方法评价结果反映了浅、深层含水层系统对来自补给区污染物的防御能力。并且文中指出了两种评价方法各自具有优、缺点。最后指出应根据区域水文地质条件、地下水开发利用现状,以及城市发展规划,采取DRSTIC和同位素辅助方法综合区划地下水系统的防污性能,为环境管理和决策者划分地下水源保护区,制定地下水保护措施提供科学依据。 相似文献