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1.
通过相邻图像减法获得了清晰的沙粒运动图像。在此基础上,分别提出了通过人工目视解译与计算机追踪相结合进行跃移颗粒数字轨迹追踪的多帧图像匹配算法以及更适用于计算跃移沙粒群运动瞬时速度场的两帧图像匹配算法。结果表明:与前人研究采用的单纯的人工匹配计算相比,多帧图像匹配算法在保证数据准确性的同时,极大的提高了工作效率。两帧图像匹配算法克服了传统的PTV匹配算法对流场内粒子群运动特征的要求,更加适宜于跃移沙粒群的速度测量,不仅拥有较高的匹配率,而且全过程实现全自动计算,具有较高的计算速度,能够为跃移相整体运动特性研究提供具有代表性的数据。因此,此方法有助于高速摄影技术在研究跃移沙粒运动中的优势更加明显。  相似文献   

2.
SIFT是一种基于尺度空间的图像特征点提取和匹配算法,其得到的特征点不仅对平移、旋转和缩放等具有良好的不变性,对视觉变化和仿射变换也能保持一定程度的稳定性,在图像匹配、物体辨识和影像镶嵌等方面得到了广泛的应用.但是SIFT算法得到的图像之间的众多匹配点对中仍然存在很多误匹配点对,从而影响了最终图像之间变换参数解算的精度.为此,提出一种剔除误匹配点对的方法,首先对每对匹配点赋予象限和角度信息,然后依次剔除其中的象限异常点对、角度异常点对和非一一对应点对,使匹配结果的正确率得到显著提高.  相似文献   

3.
Harris算法提取的角点定位精度高,但不具尺度不变性,SURF算法虽具有尺度不变性和旋转不变性,但提取的特征点并非视觉角点。针对此问题,该文提出一种Delaunay三角网约束下的Harris-SURF图像匹配方法。首先,采取阈值评估策略对图像进行SURF粗匹配,利用RANSAC算法进行粗差剔除,得到的匹配点用于构建Delaunay三角网;然后以相似三角形作为约束,将其作为Harris特征点精匹配的限制区域,提高Harris点匹配的可靠性。实验表明,该算法具有匹配准确率高、鲁棒性较好等特点,对无人机影像的匹配效果明显优于其他算法。  相似文献   

4.
针对高山峡谷数码影像的特殊性,提出一种基于虚拟核面的序列影像匹配方法.该方法采用虚拟核面约束采集点的匹配,不仅缩小了匹配的搜索范围,且提高了匹配精度.实验证明,该算法匹配多张影像时,采集点匹配的正确率高于97%,满足高山峡谷地区工程勘测的要求.  相似文献   

5.
由于影像空间分辨率的限制,利用遥感影像反演植被覆盖度时,像元内通常存在植被与其他地物混合的现象。此外,受到物理属性、地形、阴影等因素的影响,植被内部存在较大的光谱差异。混合像元的存在,以及植被内部光谱变化较大都将导致植被覆盖度反演精度降低。本研究基于Sentinel 2A遥感影像,提出了一种基于光谱归一化的光谱混合分析方法,以期解决植被内的光谱差异以及与其他地物的混合问题。首先,对端元矩阵与遥感影像进行归一化预处理,以减弱植被内的光谱变化;然后,采用全约束最小二乘法(FCLSU)、部分约束最小二乘法(CLSU)、扩展线性混合模型(ELMM)三种混合像元分解算法来定量分析植被与其他地物的混合状态。在验证解混算法精度时,采用无人机高分影像分类结果作为植被覆盖度参考影像,并对归一化前后的精度进行对比。光谱归一化前,ELMM和CLSU的R和RMSE都接近0.903和0.353,FCLSU的R和RMSE为0.869和0.434。光谱归一化后,三种算法的R和RMSE都接近0.91和0.2。试验结果表明:端元和影像进行归一化后,降低了光谱变异性,三种算法的解混精度在整体上提高较大,且对四川丘陵地区的植被覆盖度的反演结果接近真实值。  相似文献   

6.
传统基于灰度的影像匹配方法难以适应红外多光谱影像波段间的非线性灰度差异。该文提出一种基于相位一致性的角点筛选与特征匹配方法。首先基于相位最大矩提取影像边缘图,并利用角点的结构属性进行稳定性判断和角点筛选;然后利用相位一致性的幅值和方向信息构建特征描述符,并采用双向最近邻方法实现初始匹配;最后采用RANSAC算法剔除粗差,得到优化后的匹配结果。实验结果表明,该文提出的角点筛选算法能使匹配点中稳定角点的比例由37.9%提升至85.2%,将最大残差由2.765降到1.766,RMSE由0.854降到0.751。与HOPC模板匹配算法相比,该特征匹配算法能在保证匹配精度的同时,将效率提升了3倍。  相似文献   

7.
利用Google Earth Engine遥感大数据云平台,以若尔盖县的弯曲河流为研究对象,以空间分辨率为10 m的Sentinel-2多光谱卫星遥感影像为数据源,选用归一化差分水体指数(NDWI)、改进型归一化差分水体指数(MNDWI)和自动水体提取指数(AWEI)相组合的方式,建立支持向量机模型,进行弯曲河流信息的提取;利用归一化差分水体指数、改进型归一化差分水体指数和自动水体提取指数,提取出弯曲河流信息,并与支持向量机模型提取的结果进行了比较。研究结果表明,利用归一化差分水体指数提取的弯曲河流的整体性和连续性最优;利用改进型归一化差分水体指数提取的地势复杂区域细小河流的精度较高;利用支持向量机模型提取的弯曲河流更为准确,并消除了山体和植物阴影对弯曲河流提取的影响;与利用3种指数提取的结果相比,支持向量机模型提取的弯曲河流的总体精度和用户精度都相对最高。  相似文献   

8.
地籍管理工作中,不同来源的宗地数据通常存在着诸多差异,识别和匹配不同数据源中的同名宗地图斑是提高数据更新精度与速度的关键,对地籍数据库的集成与信息共享有着非常重要的意义。该文针对地籍数据中宗地图斑的形状及变化特点,提出了一种基于局部相似的简单而有效的匹配方法来提高匹配率,基本原理是通过搜索两个面实体间最优的点对应或特征对应关系判断两个面实体是否匹配,采用形状相似度作为局部相似的判断指标。  相似文献   

9.
林征  乔纪纲  刘小平 《热带地理》2012,32(3):252-259
基于TM影像的单通道热红外遥感数据反演了阿拉北极滨海平原融冻湖的表面温度,利用实地湖泊水体温度传感器所测量的水体温度进行了反演结果的精度验证.通过对比4种不同的单通道热红外遥感数据地表温度反演算法,发现其反演结果均与实地测量湖表温度高度相关,但精度存在差异,其中通用单通道算法(SCJM&S)的湖泊表面温度反演结果精度最高,获取均方根误差达0.45K,且该算法输入参数仅需大气水汽含量一项,适用于北极滨海平原地区的湖泊表面温度反演.湖泊表面平均温度的空间插值结果表明研究区的湖泊表面温度受纬度和海洋性气候影响显  相似文献   

10.
融合多源POI数据可提供更加丰富、完整的位置信息,但不同来源的POI数据在几何和语义表达方面存在差异,如何将异构POI数据集中的同名实体进行匹配是POI融合的关键问题。该文提出了一种结合机器学习与图论的POI匹配方法(MLP-KM方法),该方法兼顾POI的空间和非空间属性,综合考虑了几何位置、类别结构和名称属性的5个相似度度量特征,输入到多层感知器中计算匹配概率,从而避免人为分配权重造成的主观性影响;进一步引入KM图论算法,增加了相应的筛选条件与判定过程,解决了相似点对的混淆匹配问题。实验结果表明,该方法能够对相似POI进行精确识别与匹配,并有效剔除混淆匹配,提高了POI匹配精度。  相似文献   

11.
Car-sharing system with electric cars is a very convenient service for urban transportation: it allows users to pick up a vehicle at a station and rent it during a short time. To manage this kind of system in the best way, it is necessary to solve the critical problem of vehicle stock imbalance across the stations. Several decision levels must be considered to balance the car distribution by taking into account the quality of service and the system operation cost. To this end, a linear programming model is proposed to formalize the problem in a mathematical framework, which allows the computation of optimal vehicle distribution strategies. To make our solution time efficient and usable for solving large problems, a greedy algorithm and a tabu search algorithm are proposed. These two algorithms are applied to the Auto Bleue network in Nice and its surrounding (France) using extensive simulations. Besides, an integrated mapping method is provided within the Geographical Information System QGIS to estimate flows and their locations. Numerical results demonstrate that the tabu search algorithm is able to find near-optimal solutions and good compromises between client satisfaction, number of staff agents and vehicles used, and computing time.  相似文献   

12.
针对BRISK算法在喀斯特山区无人机影像匹配中存在耗时长、正确匹配点数较少的问题,该文提出一种基于BRISK检测子和LATCH描述符的喀斯特山区无人机影像匹配算法,即利用BRISK检测子对影像进行特征点检测,利用LATCH描述符描述特征点,并采用结合最小距离的FLANN算法进行粗匹配,最后利用RANSAC算法对影像进行精匹配,剔除粗匹配中的错误匹配点对。实验结果表明:该算法的匹配总数和正确点数是SIFT和AKAZE算法的2倍以上,单点平均耗时是二者的7%~80%;与BRISK算法相比,在匹配总数减少5%的情况下,该算法的正确点数增加了30%以上,单点平均耗时减少50%以上。  相似文献   

13.
Wide deployment of global positioning system (GPS) sensors has generated a large amount of data with numerous applications in transportation research. Due to the observation error, a map matching (MM) process is commonly performed to infer a path on a road network from a noisy GPS trajectory. The increasing data volume calls for the design of efficient and scalable MM algorithms. This article presents fast map matching (FMM), an algorithm integrating hidden Markov model with precomputation, and provides an open-source implementation. An upper bounded origin-destination table is precomputed to store all pairs of shortest paths within a certain length in the road network. As a benefit, repeated routing queries known as the bottleneck of MM are replaced with hash table search. Additionally, several degenerate cases and a problem of reverse movement are identified and addressed in FMM. Experiments on a large collection of real-world taxi trip trajectories demonstrate that FMM has achieved a considerable single-processor MM speed of 25,000–45,000 points/second varying with the output mode. Investigation on the running time of different steps in FMM reveals that after precomputation is employed, the new bottleneck is located in candidate search, and more specifically, the projection of a GPS point to the polyline of a road edge. Reverse movement in the result is also effectively reduced by applying a penalty.  相似文献   

14.
基于矩匹配算法的山区影像地形辐射校正方法研究   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
针对山区遥感影像地形辐射校正问题,应用现有模型(如C校正)进行地形辐射校正很难达到理想效果。引入矩匹配算法,利用DEM数据计算坡度、坡向等地形信息,以特定坡度和坡向数据为参考依据,对影像进行地形辐射校正。通过北京房山区SPOT5影像进行试验,表明该方法能在很大程度上消除地形阴影,更好地反映阴影区域的细节信息,同时光谱特性保真程度较好,原模糊的影像区域通过处理基本上达到有效识别地物的要求。  相似文献   

15.
城中村有序改造的群决策——以广州市城中村改造为例   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
陶海燕  周淑丽  卓莉 《地理研究》2014,33(7):1207-1216
公众参与已成为城市规划过程中的法定程序之一,因此研究公众参与下的城中村有序改造,对于探索中国城中村改造实施机制有着重大的理论意义和应用价值。公民个体由于信息的缺乏以及受到自身知识、阅历等的限制,通常只能对一定范围内的部分空间环境进行有效地观察,形成一定的感知,即仅仅能给出各自偏好下的对部分方案的评估序列,而传统的群决策方法不能很好地处理较大比例数据的缺失问题。采用基于马尔科夫链的MC 4 启发式算法,对多个部分序进行融合,得到一个初始序列,然后对该初始序列进行Kemeny 局部优化形成群决策结果。以广州市52 个全面改造的城中村改造为例,首先构造三种不同类型的城中村居民决策者和一类环境保护决策者;其次四类决策者个体分别从各自不同的利益角度出发,对其感知空间内的部分城中村改造的迫切程度进行评估并排序;然后采用Python 编程实现了Kemeny局部优化算法对四类决策者的评估序列进行融合,得到52 个城中村改造的群决策结果;群决策结果与个体决策方案之间的Kendall tau 距离为0.2873,说明该方法得到的群决策结果与个体决策者之间的决策具有较好的一致性。研究表明,该方法摒弃传统的个案剔除法以及各种各样的数据插补方法,充分利用隐藏在这些数据中的信息,保证数据的客观性和结果的正确性,可以为公众参与的民主决策提供定量化的方法,为公共政策的制定提供科学的决策支持。  相似文献   

16.
以广州市海珠区连锁超市便利店物流配送为例,根据2012年广州市道路网络数据集,结合VRPTW模型(Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows)和ArcGIS网络分析模块进行路面顺畅和交通拥堵情况下的配送与仿真模拟。结果表明,在路面顺畅的情况下,3个配送中心只需用到5辆车,花费时间为29 h 10 min,行驶47 834.1 m,即可完成对26个配送点共4 450件货物的配送。而交通拥堵对物流的准时配送产生了显著的影响,随着拥堵时间的增加,整个物流配送过程受到的影响越来越大。在交通拥堵的情况下,选择避开拥堵路段,重新优化配送路线,路线优化后的整个配送过程所行使的总距离比路面通畅时多走了5 182 m,时间上多花了28 min。然而选择优化路线后所花的时间相对于在道路路段拥挤所花费的时间和在每个拥堵路口的等待时间而言,显然优化后的路线更加可取。通过优化路径可以节省费用,节约资源以及减少流通环节中的时间损耗,获得最佳的行驶路线,能有效提高物流配送服务质量和效率。  相似文献   

17.
Sketching as a natural mode for human communication and creative processes presents opportunities for improving human–computer interaction in geospatial information systems. However, to use a sketch map as user input, it must be localized within the underlying spatial data set of the information system, the base metric map. This can be achieved by a matching process called qualitative map alignment in which qualitative spatial representations of the two input maps are used to establish correspondences between each sketched object and one or more objects in the metric map. The challenge is that, to the best of our knowledge, no method for matching qualitative spatial representations suggested so far is applicable in realistic scenarios due to excessively long runtimes, incorrect algorithm design or the inability to use more than one spatial aspect at a time. We address these challenges with a metaheuristic algorithm which uses novel data structures to match qualitative spatial representations of a pair of maps. We present the design, data structures and performance evaluation of the algorithm using real-world sketch and metric maps as well as on synthetic data. Our algorithm is novel in two main aspects. Firstly, it employs a novel system of matrices known as local compatibility matrices, which facilitate the computation of estimates for the future size of a partial alignment and allow several types of constraints to be used at the same time. Secondly, the heuristic it computes has a higher accuracy than the state-of-the-art heuristic for this task, yet requires less computation. Our algorithm is also a general method for matching labelled graphs, a special case of which is the one involving complete graphs whose edges are labelled with spatial relations. The results of our evaluation demonstrate practical runtime performance and high solution quality.  相似文献   

18.
Geografisk Tidsskrift, Danish Journal of Geography 105(2):39–47, 2005

A multi-scale classification algorithm based entirely on computation of image texture in moving windows is presented and discussed. The rationale for using kernel-based methods as opposed to segment-based methods for texture-based land cover classification is discussed, as well as, the need for identifying strategies that may limit the effects of the inherent weaknesses of the kernel-based methods. Part of the proposed solution to this problem is to omit the search for an optimum kernel size and rather use different sizes concurrently followed by a weighted summary overlay process based on associated scores. The spatial growth pattern of the city of Accra, Ghana, is assessed over a 17 years period using the algorithm. Land-cover maps showing the extension of the new residential areas on the fringe of Accra are produced from Landsat ETM satellite imagery. These areas constitute the rapidly expanding frontier of urban Accra into its rural surroundings. The classification discriminates between new residential areas that have a distinct urban appearance and areas that are in a transition phase between rural and urban use. Finally, comparisons are made to a previous satellite-based study of land cover changes for the period 1985–1991.  相似文献   

19.
基于光谱特征拟合的高光谱遥感影像植被覆盖度提取   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
植被光谱中可见光部分的吸收谷主要由叶绿素强烈吸收引起,不同植被覆盖度下光谱吸收谷的深度和形状不同,因而可以通过比较光谱吸收谷的深度和形状来提取植被覆盖度。该文采用基于光谱吸收特征匹配的光谱特征拟合SFF方法从高光谱遥感影像中提取植被覆盖度,参考光谱采用ASD光谱仪在影像覆盖地区采集的植被光谱,通过将参考光谱与像元光谱连续统去除处理后进行SFF匹配,完成植被覆盖度的提取并生成植被覆盖度图。研究结果与植被指数、光谱夹角映射方法及实地调查资料之间存在较高一致性。  相似文献   

20.
Map-matching algorithm for large-scale low-frequency floating car data   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Large-scale global positioning system (GPS) positioning information of floating cars has been recognised as a major data source for many transportation applications. Mapping large-scale low-frequency floating car data (FCD) onto the road network is very challenging for traditional map-matching (MM) algorithms developed for in-vehicle navigation. In this paper, a multi-criteria dynamic programming map-matching (MDP-MM) algorithm is proposed for online matching FCD. In the proposed MDP-MM algorithm, the MDP technique is used to minimise the number of candidate routes maintained at each GPS point, while guaranteeing to determine the best matching route. In addition, several useful techniques are developed to improve running time of the shortest path calculation in the MM process. Case studies based on real FCD demonstrate the accuracy and computational performance of the MDP-MM algorithm. Results indicated that the MDP-MM algorithm is competitive with existing algorithms in both accuracy and computational performance.  相似文献   

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