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1.
纵穿古尔班通古特沙漠中部对风沙土理化性状分析结果表明:沙漠腹地风沙土含水量低于边部。风沙土颗粒物主要由极细沙-细沙-中沙组成,并且北部较中部和南部粗。个体沙垄垄间地风沙土φ1值最高,垄顶的平均粒径最大。北部风沙土分选性差,绝大多数为极正偏分布,峰态很窄。中部、南部风沙土分选性中等和较好,呈窄峰态和近对称的分布形式。沙漠腹地风沙土全盐含量均较低,pH值适中,二者和沙垄固定程度成一定的正相关。风沙土中有机质、N、P、K等营养物质含量较低。相比之下北部风沙土全K和有机质含量高于中、南部,而植被茂盛的垄间地和垄坡有机质和全N含量一般高于固定、半固定垄顶。局地气象条件、微地形地貌以及植被状况的差异是引起沙漠风沙土上述理化性状空间分异的重要因素。 相似文献
2.
古尔班通古特沙漠南部风沙土粒度分布的空间异质性 总被引：10，自引：4，他引：6
系统采集古尔班通古特沙漠南部典型地段纵向沙垄和垄间地浅层风沙土(0～30 cm)样184件,运用常规粒度分析和地统计分析方法研究了古尔班通古特沙漠南部沙垄不同部位风沙土粒度组成、分布特征及空间变异。结果显示:风沙土机械组成的优势粒级是细沙和极细沙,不同地貌部位粒级组成差异明显。粘土和粉沙的含量为垄间地高于沙垄,背风坡高于迎风坡和垄顶。极细沙和细沙的含量是迎风坡最高,垄顶最低。中沙、粗沙和极粗沙的含量则是垄间地低于沙垄,垄顶最高。风沙土粗物质粒径φ1和平均粒径Mz从垄间地→背风坡→迎风坡→垄顶均由细变粗,分选系数σ则由差变好。同时,φ1、Mz和σ具有中等-强空间自相关性,其空间相关范围(变程)大小顺序为φ1<σ相似文献
3.
古尔班通古特沙漠纵向沙垄植被空间异质性 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
在古尔班通古特沙漠南部纵向沙垄上按5 m×10 m的网格测度植被样方100个,采集浅层风沙土样品184件。调查发现,乔灌木层片和草本层片的分布及相互关系明显受沙垄地形影响,并且在干旱环境下种群间的竞争和空间上的互补使两层片生态优势度具有显著的相关性。地统计分析结果显示,纵向沙垄上植被空间异质性表现为木本层片的物种多样性呈斑块状分布,草本层片物种多样性呈现平行沙垄的带状结构和斑块结构叠加的特点,而植被盖度则在垂直沙垄走向的方向上具有强烈的梯度性变化。和沙垄土壤理化性质空间格局特征相对比,植被盖度及物种多样性与风沙土浅层含水量在自相关空间（变程）及空间异质性程度上比较接近。这是纵向沙垄小生态系统中草本植物和浅层土壤水分耦合关系在空间上的反映,也是木本植物对水分和土壤资源在小尺度（m）上竞争及中小尺度（10～100 m）上互补的结果。 相似文献
4.
古尔班通古特沙漠南缘主要土壤化学特征的空间异质性 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
运用半方差分析和Kriging插值研究了古尔班通古特沙漠南缘典型沙垄至垄间地浅层土壤(0～30 cm)pH值、电导率、有机质及全N含量的空间变异特征。结果表明,土壤pH值、有机质及全N含量服从正态分布,电导率符合对数正态分布。半方差分析结果显示,土壤pH值、电导率符合球状模型,而有机质、全N含量符合高斯模型。除全N具有中等空间相关性外,其余的都具有强空间相关性。用Kriging插值法对未测点的参数含量进行最优估计,绘制含量分布图,从而更直观地反映研究区土壤参数空间变异特征。 相似文献
5.
为了探讨塔克拉玛干沙漠小尺度风沙地貌形态特征,对沙漠腹地复杂纵向沙垄横断面的上覆沙丘的分形特征进行了研究。沙丘形态野外测量采用RTK(real-time kinematic)技术,并通过南方测绘软件(South Survey)量算形态特征参数。研究结果表明:(1)沙丘形态具有分形特征,饼状沙堆和沙片的分维数是1.292 2,新月形沙丘的分维数是1.286 6,简单线性沙丘的分维数是1.102 5,新月形沙丘链的分维数是1.085;(2)在不同地貌部位之间,分维数差异不大(1.0~1.3),变异系数为0.06,表明复杂纵向沙垄上覆沙丘形态有自相似性;(3)沙丘的各形态特征参数变异系数的空间变化趋势一致,且与分形维数呈显著的线性正相关(P<0.05),表明沙丘形态分形维数能客观反映沙丘形态特征。在塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地纵向沙垄区,沙丘形态分形维数可以作为反映风沙环境特征的定量指标。 相似文献
6.
沙坡头地区风沙土的水热状况 总被引：15，自引：3，他引：12
对多年监测资料的研究表明:流动风沙土稳定含水量为2%~3%,凋萎湿度为0.54%,相对有效水分多,对植物生长有利。天然植被下的固定风沙土,在35~40cm以下土层水量减少至1%~2%;人工植被下的固定风沙土水分条件更差,在3m深土层,除降雨后的短时间内,0~60cm土层含水量稍高外,无雨时段,3m深土层的含水量是1%~2%,甚至小于1%。这种水分状况导致多年生深根植物逐渐衰退,适应性一年生草本植物侵入。 相似文献
7.
黄河三角洲地区土壤水盐空间变异特征研究 总被引：30，自引：7，他引：23
运用传统统计学和地统计学相结合的方法研究黄河三角洲地区表层土壤盐分、pH与含水量的空间变异特征。结果表明:土壤盐分较高且呈一定的碱化趋势;盐分与含水量为中等变异强度,pH为弱变异强度。受结构性与随机性因素的共同作用,盐分、pH与含水量均表现为中等空间相关性。分维数与Moran′s I系数分析均表明,盐分、pH与含水量的空间依赖性小,随机性因素是引起空间异质性的关键原因。Kriging插值与相关性分析表明,盐分和pH的分布存在着空间负相关性,且盐分与pH、含水量均呈显著负相关,盐分过高是导致pH降低的重要因素,含水量可为判断旱季表层土壤盐分高低提供一定参考。 相似文献
8.
新疆准噶尔盆地沙尘天气的地表环境判别 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
在沙尘暴天气多发的季节里,对中国重要沙尘源区之一的准噶尔南部典型地区的地貌、土壤、植被及人类活动影响诸方面做了实地调查和取样,以及实验室分析,遴选出植被盖度、植物群落多样性、生态优势度、表层土壤含水量、土壤有机质、土壤质地、全盐含量、pH值等作为影响该区起沙过程的地表参数/变量。借助SPSS10.0软件系统中的典型判别分析 (CDA),对准噶尔南部沙尘天气高发的艾比湖地区和中发的古尔班通古特沙漠地表特征进行了有效判别。结果显示,广泛分布棕灰漠土和灰漠土,并且农用土地开垦强烈的艾比湖地区,影响地表稳定性的消极因素主要是土壤较高的pH、有机质含量及植被生态优势度。而以固定、半固定风沙土为主,内部少受人类高强度开发的古尔班通古特沙漠,地表良好的抗风蚀性主要得益于较高的植被盖度、植物群落的多样性和较粗的土壤质地。判别结果还显示,原属沙尘天气少发的克拉玛依农业开发区有相当面积的土地已具沙尘天气高发区的地表特征,从而对人类活动可能引发的灾害性环境问题提出警示。 相似文献
9.
新疆准噶尔盆地典型荒漠区不同景观植被对土壤养分的影响 总被引：8，自引：6，他引：2
在群落演替的不同阶段,土壤与植被之间存在不同的互动关系。在新疆准噶尔盆地南缘,选择荒漠-绿洲交错区、沙漠边缘、沙漠腹地典型景观类型取样,监测不同景观条件下土壤水分、土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和植被盖度。结果表明,不同景观植被盖度、土壤水分、土壤养分含量存在显著的差异性(P0.5)。土壤水分含量、植被盖度、土壤养分含量表现为荒漠-绿洲交错区沙漠边缘沙漠腹地的变化趋势;土壤含水量由荒漠-绿洲交错带10.4%递减到沙漠边缘5.8%、沙漠腹地3.5%;植被盖度、土壤养分含量随土壤类型由荒漠灰钙土向风沙土过渡,呈现显著的下降趋势。在相同土壤属性情况下,植被盖度与土壤有机质、土壤全氮之间存在显著的线性正相关关系,表明不同区域内植被在一定程度上影响土壤养分的积累。 相似文献
10.
为揭示毛乌素沙地风沙土粒径分布特征，推测其影响因素，以毛乌素沙地流动、半固定和固定沙丘风沙土为研究对象，利用激光衍射技术分析其粒度组成，并计算粒度参数，解析粒配曲线，研究结果表明：（1） 毛乌素沙地风沙土优势粒径组为细砂，其平均体积含量约为29.89%～32.46%，不同类型沙丘无显著差异（P>0.05）；少数粒径组分为粗砂、黏粒和极粗砂，其中流动沙丘与半固定、固定沙丘黏粒与粗砂含量均无显著差异（P>0.05），从半固定到固定沙丘，黏粒含量显著增加（P<0.05），粗砂含量显著减小（P<0.05），从流动沙丘到固定沙丘，极粗砂含量显著减小（P<0.05）。（2） 毛乌素沙地风沙土平均粒径为3.35 Φ，粒度分布集中，分选性较差，偏度状况为正偏，尖窄峰态。在沙丘固定的过程中，平均粒径与标准偏差无显著变化（P>0.05），峰态显著变宽平（P<0.05），半固定沙丘偏态值与其他2种沙丘相比显著偏负（P<0.05）。（3） 流动、半固定与固定沙丘跃移组分的粒径区间分别为44～435 μm、63～500 μm和31～354 μm，风沙运动在半固定沙丘中最为强烈。毛乌素沙地风沙土优势粒径组分含量主要受物源影响，少数粒径组分含量主要受沙丘流动性影响，风沙运动强度随沙丘的固定呈先增大后减小的规律。 相似文献
11.
放牧对古尔班通古特沙漠南部 沙垄地表性质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
分别于2002 年和2005 年对古尔班通古特沙漠南部的同一条半固定沙垄, 进行了放牧前后的地表覆盖(包括植物和生物结皮)、沙面活动强度和土壤理化性质的系统监测和研究。 主要结论如下: 2002 年, 自然沙垄80%以上的地表被植物和生物结皮所覆盖, 除沙垄顶部外, 其他部位基本处于稳定状态。2005 年受放牧干扰的影响, 生物结皮破损率达到80%以上, 同期植物覆盖不及2002 年的1/5, 特别是短命植物变化最明显。2005 年输沙势只有2002 年的1/3, 但沙面活动强度是2002 年的2.6 倍, 活动区域也从垄顶部扩展至整个沙垄表面。 放牧后地表组成物中的中沙含量增加了13.9%, 而细沙和极细沙含量分别减少了7.4%和 8.0%, 沙垄各部位有机质含量在放牧后一个风季即下降了近1/2。可见, 放牧造成地表保护条件的多重损害, 使沙漠地表稳定性趋于丧失。其细粒物质及有机质的大量流失, 也将对我国温带荒漠生态系统的可持续发展产生重要影响。 相似文献
12.
放牧对古尔班通古特沙漠南部半固定沙垄地表性质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Intensive grazing in spring-summer has been responsible for environmental deg- radation of the Gurbantunggut Desert in recent years. The coverage of plants and biological crusts, sand surface stability and physicochemical characteristics of soil on the dune surface were conducted in 2002 (winter grazing) and 2005 (spring-summer grazing). The results showed that over 80% of the total area of the dune surface was covered by well-developed biological crusts and plants in 2002, when the interdune and middle to lower part of dune slopes were stabilized and only the crest had 10-40 m wide mobile belt. Affected by spring-summer grazing in 2005, over 80% of the total cover of biological crust was destructed and the plant coverage only reached 1/5 of that in 2002, especially the ephemeral plant cover had a great change. The value of sand transport potential in 2005 only reached 1/3 of that in 2002, but the total surface activity in 2005 was 1.6 times stronger than that in 2002. Mean- while the mobile area began to expand from the dune top to the whole dune surface following spring-summer grazing. Compared with 2002, medium sand content of the dune surface soil increased by 13.9%, while that of fine and very fine sands decreased by 7.4% and 8.0% re- spectively in 2005 and the soil organic matter in 2005 was only about 1/2 of that in 2002. It is obvious that the presence of snow cover and frozen soil in winter could avoid the surface structure destruction in winter, while spring--summer grazing made excessive damage to biologic crusts and ephemeral plants. Spring is the main windy season in Gurbantunggut Desert and therefore intensive activity of dune surface occurred following spring-summer grazing, which led to a great loss of fine sand and organic matter. It can be seen that grazing season have a significant influence on the sustainable development of the desert ecosystem in Northwest China. 相似文献
13.
Intensive grazing in spring–summer has been responsible for environmental degradation of the Gurbantunggut Desert in recent years. The coverage of plants and biological crusts, sand surface stability and physicochemical characteristics of soil on the dune surface were conducted in 2002 (winter grazing) and 2005 (spring–summer grazing). The results showed that over 80% of the total area of the dune surface was covered by well-developed biological crusts and plants in 2002, when the interdune and middle to lower part of dune slopes were stabilized and only the crest had 10–40 m wide mobile belt. Affected by spring–summer grazing in 2005, over 80% of the total cover of biological crust was destructed and the plant coverage only reached 1/5 of that in 2002, especially the ephemeral plant cover had a great change. The value of sand transport potential in 2005 only reached 1/3 of that in 2002, but the total surface activity in 2005 was 1.6 times stronger than that in 2002. Meanwhile the mobile area began to expand from the dune top to the whole dune surface following spring–summer grazing. Compared with 2002, medium sand content of the dune surface soil increased by 13.9%, while that of fine and very fine sands decreased by 7.4% and 8.0% respectively in 2005 and the soil organic matter in 2005 was only about 1/2 of that in 2002. It is obvious that the presence of snow cover and frozen soil in winter could avoid the surface structure destruction in winter, while spring–summer grazing made excessive damage to biologic crusts and ephemeral plants. Spring is the main windy season in Gurbantunggut Desert and therefore intensive activity of dune surface occurred following spring–summer grazing, which led to a great loss of fine sand and organic matter. It can be seen that grazing season have a significant influence on the sustainable development of the desert ecosystem in Northwest China. 相似文献
14.
古尔班通古特沙漠生物结皮小尺度分异的环境特征 总被引：12，自引：5，他引：7
古尔班通古特沙漠广泛存在的生物结皮,对地貌部位有极强的选择性分布,其实质是生物对环境条件综合适应的一种生态表现。2002年3~11月在个体沙丘表面初步开展了生物结皮类型小尺度环境分异规律研究。结果表明:苔藓结皮、地衣结皮和藻类结皮依次分布于垄间、沙垄两坡中部和坡上部,从垄间往垄顶,生物结皮盖度逐渐减小,厚度变薄,抗压性减弱。苔藓结皮分布区的物质组成以细沙和极细沙为主,春季表层土壤水分在5%以上,短命植物广泛发育,基质稳定;坡中部的地衣结皮分布区以细沙为主,春季表层土壤水分在4%左右,短命植物亦有广泛分布,地表受风沙活动影响较小;沙垄上部和顶部的藻类结皮分布区,是沙垄表面活动性最强和土壤水分最差的区域,物质组成以中沙为主,高等植物中白梭梭为优势种,可见藻结皮是三类结皮中最能适应恶劣环境的生物结皮类型。 相似文献
15.
Xueqin Wang Yuanming Zhang Jin Jiang Weikang Yang Hongxu Guo Yongfeng Hu 《地理学报(英文版)》2009,19(3):299-308
Intensive grazing in spring–summer has been responsible for environmental degradation of the Gurbantunggut Desert in recent
years. The coverage of plants and biological crusts, sand surface stability and physicochemical characteristics of soil on
the dune surface were conducted in 2002 (winter grazing) and 2005 (spring–summer grazing). The results showed that over 80%
of the total area of the dune surface was covered by well-developed biological crusts and plants in 2002, when the interdune
and middle to lower part of dune slopes were stabilized and only the crest had 10–40 m wide mobile belt. Affected by spring–summer
grazing in 2005, over 80% of the total cover of biological crust was destructed and the plant coverage only reached 1/5 of
that in 2002, especially the ephemeral plant cover had a great change. The value of sand transport potential in 2005 only
reached 1/3 of that in 2002, but the total surface activity in 2005 was 1.6 times stronger than that in 2002. Meanwhile the
mobile area began to expand from the dune top to the whole dune surface following spring–summer grazing. Compared with 2002,
medium sand content of the dune surface soil increased by 13.9%, while that of fine and very fine sands decreased by 7.4%
and 8.0% respectively in 2005 and the soil organic matter in 2005 was only about 1/2 of that in 2002. It is obvious that the
presence of snow cover and frozen soil in winter could avoid the surface structure destruction in winter, while spring–summer
grazing made excessive damage to biologic crusts and ephemeral plants. Spring is the main windy season in Gurbantunggut Desert
and therefore intensive activity of dune surface occurred following spring–summer grazing, which led to a great loss of fine
sand and organic matter. It can be seen that grazing season have a significant influence on the sustainable development of
the desert ecosystem in Northwest China.
Foundation: National Basic Research Program of China, No.2009CB421303; National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40771032; National
Science Supporting Program, No.2007BAC17B03
Author: Wang Xueqin (1964–), Ph.D and Associate Professor, specialized in aeolian sand geomorphology, desertification and its control. 相似文献
16.
古尔班通古特沙漠短命植物分布 及其沙面稳定意义 总被引：64，自引：1，他引：63
从植被稳定沙面的角度出发,通过2002年对古尔班通古特沙漠南部沙垄表面植物种类、高度和盖度等的系统监测,阐明短命植物在单个沙丘上的时空分布规律。并对气象资料和人类活动扰动沙面后短命植物的自然侵入等进行综合分析,探讨沙面稳定中短命植物的重要作用。研究区总计有45种植物,其中短命植物29种。4月初短命植物萌动出土,在两个月左右的时间完成整个生长发育过程。4、5、6三个月正是北疆沙漠风沙活动强盛期,大部分沙垄表面乔灌木和长营养期草本植物盖度不足10%,而短命植物盖度则分别达到13.9%、40.2% 和14.1%,是古尔班通古特沙漠植被稳定沙面的主要贡献者。对工程行为扰动沙面后的植物恢复调查显示,短命植物是首先入侵的先锋植物。 相似文献
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