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1.
综合现有的地质、地球化学资料以及同位素年龄等研究成果，同时结合新西兰南岛北端陆壳俯冲的最新发现，提出了超高压变质岩的形成四阶段演化模式：板片俯冲形成增生楔、板片俯冲驱动角落流、板片拆离浮力抬升至Moho深度和后期上地壳伸展阶段.以此为定量模拟的出发点，利用二维有限元对大别-苏鲁超高压变质带的形成演化进行了动力学和热演化模拟，追踪超高压变质岩形成演化过程中的质点路径以及对应的P-T-t轨迹.计算的P-T-t轨迹及其空间分布特征均能与实测结果较好吻合. 相似文献
2.
《中国科学:地球科学》2015,(6)
大陆碰撞造山带根部岩石经受高温(850℃)变质作用,特别是俯冲带超高压变质岩受到高温叠加变质,对超高压岩片折返期间的元素和同位素行为、部分熔融作用及其地球动力学效应等具有重要意义.本文简要介绍了世界上5个典型的发育高温超高压变质岩的大陆碰撞带,包括中国大别山、哈萨克斯坦Kokchetav地块、格陵兰东加里东造山带、希腊罗多彼山以及德国厄尔士山,分析了它们的高温超高压变质作用及演化特点,讨论了高温超高压岩石的变质P-T-t轨迹和多阶段折返过程以及折返期间的部分熔融作用、超高压指示性矿物的保存和退变质作用等及其可能的机制.在此基础之上,提出了大陆俯冲隧道内高温超高压变质岩的未来研究方向和重点. 相似文献
3.
超高压变质研究涉及的一个基本力学问题是为什么低密度的大陆地壳岩石能克服浮力俯冲到高密度地幔100多公里的深度.本文的三维有限单元法计算表明:俯冲海洋板块可以拖曳侧面相邻宽度不超过150km的一窄条大陆板块,俯冲到超高压变质深度,形成少见的大规模超高压变质带.十几公里乃至几十公里尺度的陆壳块体,可能被俯冲地幔裹挟至超高压变质深度,在造山带内形成零星出露的超高压变质岩.成熟的陆-陆碰撞带则不可能使陆壳俯冲到超高压变质深度. 相似文献
4.
大别山超高压变质岩的地球动力学意义 总被引：54，自引：3，他引：54
超高压变质岩因其在岩性与原岩上的多样性,以及其岩块与基质混杂的构造特征而具变质混杂岩属性,其顺时针型P-T轨迹表明,超高压岩石的形成与演化与碰撞造山作用有关,年代学研究表明,峰期超高压变质作用发生于中-晚三叠世,几个不同地点的超高压岩石的P-T-t轨迹已被归纳,并据之计算了超高压岩石的折返速率.计算表明,大别山超高压岩石的折返具多阶段性,即中-晚三叠世的快速折返(3.3～3.6mm/a),早侏罗世的中速折返(0.7～1.1mm/a),以及中侏罗世至早白垩世的极慢速折返(0.15mm/a).以上述资料为约束条件,提出了一个大别山造山带的柱状模型. 相似文献
5.
《中国科学:地球科学》2015,(6)
俯冲板块在俯冲过程中与周围地幔不断发生热交换,该热演化过程主要由热传导和平流物质交换两种作用构成.俯冲带热结构的演化是控制俯冲过程中物理化学性质转变的决定性因素之一,直接影响我们对矿物脱水、岩石部分熔融、岛弧火山喷发以及俯冲带地震等关键地质现象的理解.对俯冲带热结构的动力学模型研究主要分为解析方法和数值方法两种.解析模型能够从物理上给出对热结构具有最重要影响的控制因素,比如俯冲板块的年龄、速度和角度、剪切应力以及热传导系数等.数值模型能够进一步给出解析模型难以处理的各种复杂因素的影响,比如地幔楔的黏性变化、俯冲板块与周围地幔的耦合过程、与矿物岩石学的结合等.将模型结果实际应用于各俯冲带时由于各种影响因素很多,因此对俯冲带热结构的限定是一个非常复杂的过程.随着地球物理与地球化学各种定量观测手段的进步,将能够给出更多对俯冲带热结构的约束条件,进而更合理的解释与俯冲带相关的地质现象. 相似文献
6.
俯冲板块断离的深度 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
针对Davies等对俯冲板块断离判据的不足,提出了新的俯冲板块断离判据.该判据从大陆板块减速俯冲模型出发,计算了不同初速度和俯冲角度下大陆俯冲深度的变化情况.在此基础上,详细考查了影响俯冲板块热结构和强度结构的因素,计算了非热平衡状态下俯冲板块内部大陆板块与海洋板块过渡区"积分强度"的上下限,认为当俯冲入地幔的较轻陆壳在板块过渡区引发的拉张力位于这个"积分强度"上下限之间时,便可能发生俯冲板块断离.计算结果表明,一般情况下,俯冲板块断离的深度在85-135km之间,断离过程发生在大陆俯冲了1.3-4.0Ma之后.本文计算的俯冲板块断离深度可供超高压变质岩形成和折返的研究参考. 相似文献
7.
大别山双河地区超高压变质岩流体包裹体成分及二氧化碳碳同位素研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
分步加热实验结果表明大别山超高压岩流体包裹体成分 (不计入水 )主要是CO2 ,其次为CO及少量的N2 和CH4;变质高峰期流体CO2 碳同位素值 ( - 2 5‰～- 30‰ )与地幔流体相差较大 ,说明其是原岩自身含碳物质在高温高压之下演化的结果 ,反映了超高压变质岩石虽然可能俯冲到地幔深度 ,但并未受到地幔流体的大规模作用 ,岩石中的流体系统是活动有限的、较为封闭的体系 .这可能与地壳岩石快速插入地幔、并又迅速折返至地表的动力学机制有关 相似文献
8.
大洋板块俯冲到地幔转换带,进而可形成不同的形态:板块可以停滞在660km不连续面,抑或穿过地幔转换带进入下地幔.这些不同的俯冲模式可进一步影响到海沟的运动.为更好地理解上地幔中俯冲板片的变形行为以及俯冲过程与海沟运动之间的关系,本文通过建立一系列高精度二维热-力学自由俯冲的数值模型,揭示了俯冲板块在上地幔中的变形方式及其与地幔转换带之间的相互作用过程.模拟结果显示,在俯冲板块与地幔转换带的相互作用过程中,其动力学过程可以分为以海沟后撤主导、海沟前进主导以及稳定型海沟等三种主要动力学类型.对于年龄较老,厚度较大的俯冲板块容易形成海沟后撤型俯冲,俯冲板块停滞在660km不连续面.相反,年龄较小,塑性强度较小的板块容易形成海沟前进型俯冲,俯冲板块穿越660km不连续面. 相似文献
9.
《中国科学:地球科学》2015,(7)
俯冲隧道是指在会聚板块边缘、俯冲板片与上覆板片之间的剪切带及其中发生运动的物质,这些物质在俯冲隧道中经历了复杂的温度、压力、应力和应变等的演化以及流体和熔体的作用,而后部分物质可以从100 km的深度处折返至地表,从而形成自然界中出露的高压-超高压变质岩带.动力学数值模拟是定量化的研究该俯冲隧道过程的重要手段,前人的研究大多基于热动力学模型,但是一般不包含流体的活动和影响,因此上覆岩石圈物质很少参与到俯冲隧道过程中,这些模型与地质概念模型之间尚存较大差异.本文采用了新的包含流体-熔体活动的数值模型,对俯冲隧道的精细过程进行模拟研究.结果表明,俯冲隧道中的物质既包含了从俯冲板块拆离的表壳岩,也包含了从上覆板块刮擦、蚀变的地幔岩,从而形成一个构造混杂岩体.在特定条件下,俯冲隧道中的混杂岩既可近垂直向上穿过地幔楔侵入上覆地壳中,亦可近平行于俯冲隧道斜向上折返,形成靠近缝合带的高压-超高压变质岩.基于该数值模型及前人的地质概念模型,首先对大洋俯冲隧道和大陆俯冲隧道的特征进行了细致的对比和总结.而后,又对含水模型与无水模型进行了对比,主要区别在于无水模型中由于缺少流体-熔体活动而产生的弱化作用,上覆岩石圈的变形很小,在俯冲隧道过程中的参与程度也很低.最后,对数值模型中的一个重要的边界条件,即板块会聚速率,进行数值模拟研究.结果表明快速会聚导致上覆岩石圈剧烈变形,造山带主要沿上盘单侧生长;相反,在慢速会聚条件下,上覆岩石圈变形较小,造山带主要沿下盘单侧生长;而在中等会聚速率下,造山带沿上盘、下盘同时生长. 相似文献
10.
中国中央造山带东部的大别-苏鲁是全球最大的超高压变质带,本文基于地球物理资料的分析和综合研究,进一步指出这一超高压变质带演化的复杂性.在扬子与中朝克拉通碰撞后大别-苏鲁地体的俯冲产生超高压变质作用.之后由于两个克拉通之间的倾斜碰撞,产生旋转与局部的拉张为岩石折返造成了良好条件.扬子的旋转也形成一对剪切力使俯冲海洋岩石圈断开和陆块反弹.然而由于南北压挤力的继续作用与大别-苏鲁地体的折返,扬子克拉通继续向大别苏鲁地体下方俯冲.这种陆-陆俯冲携带了大量大陆物质进入上地幔,诱发部分熔融和后期的地幔上隆.本文给出了大别-苏鲁演化动力学的修正模型. 相似文献
11.
Flat and steep subduction are end-member modes of oceanic subduction zones with flat subduction occurring at about 10% of the modern convergent margins and mainly around the Pacific. Continental (margin) subduction normally follows oceanic subduction with the remarkable event of formation and exhumation of high- to ultrahigh-pressure (HP–UHP) metamorphic rocks in the continental subduction/collision zones. We used 2D thermo-mechanical numerical models to study the contrasting subduction/collision styles as well as the formation and exhumation of HP–UHP rocks in both flat and steep subduction modes. In the reference flat subduction model, the two plates are highly coupled and only HP metamorphic rocks are formed and exhumed. In contrast, the two plates are less coupled and UHP rocks are formed and exhumed in the reference steep subduction model. In addition, faster convergence of the reference flat subduction model produces extrusion of UHP rocks. Slower convergence of the reference flat subduction model results in two-sided subduction/collision. The higher/lower convergence velocities of the reference steep subduction model can both produce exhumation of UHP rocks. A comparison of our numerical results with the Himalayan collisional belt suggests two possible scenarios: (1) A spatially differential subduction/collision model, which indicates that steep subduction dominates in the western Himalaya, while flat subduction dominates in the extensional central Himalaya; and (2) A temporally differential subduction/collision model, which favors earlier continental plate (flat) subduction with high convergence velocity in the western Himalaya, and later (flat) subduction with relatively low convergence velocity in the central Himalaya. 相似文献
12.
Tadao Nishiyama 《Island Arc》1998,7(1-2):70-81
The present paper examines a kinetic model of the coesite–quartz transition under an elastic field. This model is applied to discuss the possible exhumation path of ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks. By incorporating the model of transition kinetics into a three-shelled composite sphere model in linear elasticity, the internal stresses in coesite, quartz, and garnet shells were calculated for given external pressure ( P )–temperature ( T ) paths. The occurrence of rupture provides a constraint on the temperature and the amount of quartz inverted from coesite at the rupture for each P–T path. Comparison of calculated results and the natural occurrence of coesite inclusion from the Dora Maira Massif, containing ∼ 27% quartz at the rupture, enables us to constrain the possible exhumation path and possible transition kinetics. A steep decompression path with slow transition kinetics is most favorable, which is consistent with the estimated P–T path during exhumation for most UHP metamorphic rocks. 相似文献
13.
Thermal evolution of the Ryoke metamorphic belt, southwestern Japan: Tectonic and numerical modeling 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Abstract The Ryoke metamorphic belt of southwestern Japan is composed of Cretaceous Ryoke granitoids and associated metamorphic rocks of low-pressure facies series. The Ryoke granitoids are divided into sheet-like bodies (e.g. Gamano granodiorite) and stock-like bodies. The Gamano granodiorite intruded concordantly into the high-grade metamorphic rocks without development of a contact metamorphic aureole, and the intrusion ages of the granodiorite are similar to the ages of thermal peak of the low pressure (low-P) metamorphism. It is suggested that the low-P Ryoke metamorphism resulted from the intrusion of the Gamano granodiorite. In this study, a simple 1-D numerical model of conductive heat transfer was used to evaluate the thermal effects of emplacement of the Gamano granodiorite. Calculated temperature-time ( T-t ) paths are characterized by a rapid increase of metamorphic temperature and a relatively short-lived period of high temperature. For example, the T-t path at the 15-km depth is characterized by a rapid average increase in temperature of 1.4 × 10-3 °C/year and high temperatures for < ca 0.5 Ma. The calculated peak temperature for each depth is nearly equal to the petrologically estimated value for each correlated metamorphic zone. The results suggest that the magma-intrusion model is one possible thermal model for low-pressure facies series metamorphism. 相似文献
14.
在安徽大别山(东大别)进行的深地震宽角反射/折射探测获得6条二维地壳速度结构剖面. 结果显示，东大别造山带地壳为一高速穹隆构造，在其核部中、下地壳变质岩出露于地表，波速高达5.0km/s；在其翼部，上、中地壳发育速度约6.1km/s的壳内低速层(体). 莫霍面的起伏变化较大，中心部位深达41km左右，周边地区则抬升到32～34km. 在晓天—磨子潭断裂一线下方莫霍面垂向错断，断距约4km. 东大别造山带具有大陆深俯冲-碰撞造山带地壳结构的典型式样. 莫霍面错断与扬子陆块深俯冲有关，错断处表征扬子与华北陆块碰撞缝合的深部位置. 高速穹隆构造可能是两陆块碰撞挤压的产物，穹隆翼部上、中地壳发育的低速滑脱带(面)可能在碰撞期之后的地壳伸展、超高压变质岩从中地壳抬升出露于地表过程中起到重要作用. 相似文献
15.
依据研究区的地热梯度（25℃／km）,在高温高压（最高温度为1050℃,最高压力为1.2GPa）条件下系统测量了横穿红河-哀牢山断裂带的元江-墨江地质剖面上的哀牢山岩群各类变质岩（千枚岩、片岩、浅粒岩、变粒岩、大理岩和片麻岩）的纵波速度．实验结果表明,不同岩类的纵波速度随温度压力变化的趋势不同．在相当于衷牢山岩群变质岩峰期变质温度和压力条件下（P=0．4-0.8GPa,T=35-700℃）,测得大部分岩石的纵波速度为5．50－5．80km／s,这一纵波速度值与区域地球物理测深揭示的中地壳低速层的纵波速度相当因此,结合该区变质岩、地壳内热状态及地球物理测深研究成果可初步认为：组成哀牢山岩群的浅粒岩、变粒岩、酸性片麻岩以及部分千枚岩、片岩为该地区中地壳低速层的主要岩石类型． 相似文献
16.
The Qinling–Dabie–Sulu orogenic belt in east-central China is the largest high and ultrahigh pressure (HP and UHP) metamorphic zone in the world. The Dabie Mountains are the central segment of this orogenic belt between the North China and Yangtze cratons. This work studies the nature of the crustal structure beneath the Dabie orogenic belt to better understand the orogeny. To do that, we apply ambient noise tomography to the Dabie orogenic belt using ambient noise data from 40 stations of the China National Seismic Network (CNSN) between January 2008 and December 2009. We retrieve high signal noise ratio (SNR) Rayleigh waves by cross-correlating ambient noise data between most of the station pairs and then extract phase velocity dispersion measurements from those cross-correlations using a spectral method. Taking those dispersion measurements, we obtain high-resolution phase velocity maps at 8–35 second periods. By inverting Rayleigh wave phase velocity maps, we construct a high-resolution 3D shear velocity model of the crust in the Dabie orogenic belt.The resulting 3D model reveals interesting crustal features related to the orogeny. High shear wave velocities are imaged beneath the HP/UHP metaphoric zones at depths shallower than 9 km, suggesting that HP/UHP metaphoric rocks are primarily concentrated in the upper crust. Underlying the high velocity HP/UHP metamorphic zones, low shear velocities are observed in the middle crust, probably representing ductile shear zones and/or brittle fracture zones developed during the exhumation of the HP/UHP metamorphic rocks. Strong high velocities are present beneath the Northern Dabie complex unit in the middle crust, possibly related to cooling and crystallization of intrusive igneous rocks in the middle crust resulting from the post-collisional lithosphere delamination and subsequent magmatism. A north-dipping Moho is revealed in the eastern Dabie with the deepest Moho appearing beneath the Northern Dabie complex unit, consistent with the model of Triassic northward subduction of the Yangtze Craton beneath the North China Craton. 相似文献
17.
Duplex of metamorphic units including ultramafic rocks in the central region of Tokunoshima,Southwest Japan 
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下载免费PDF全文 Geological observations in the central part of Tokunoshima in the Amami Islands, Southwest Japan, reveal that discrete layers of serpentinite, dioritic gneiss, and amphibolite are intercalated into pelitic schist and these rock bodies form a northwest‐dipping tectonic stack. A subhorizontal psammitic schist layer overlies them. These rocks underwent ductile deformation that is denoted by penetrative foliation and mineral lineation. Microstructures of the sheared metamorphic rocks and serpentinite indicate top‐to‐the‐east, ‐southeast or ‐south (hanging‐wall up) displacements. The en echelon array of rock bodies is interpreted as a duplex with the psammitic schist layer on its top and the pelitic schist layer on its bottom. It is inferred that the serpentinite‐bearing duplex was formed due to the tectonic erosion and the subsequent accretionary growth operated in a Cretaceous or older subduction zone. Tokunoshima has been considered to belong to the Shimanto Belt. However, regional low‐pressure and high‐temperature type amphibolite‐facies metamorphism and related ductile deformation have not been recognized in the other areas of the Shimanto Belt. There is no metamorphic rock occurrence comparable to that of Tokunoshima in the neighboring islands. The metamorphic rocks in Tokunoshima can be correlated to any of low‐pressure/temperature type metamorphic regions in Kyushu. 相似文献
18.
The syncollisional mafic-ultramafic rocks with Nb, Zr, Ti negative anomalies in the North Dabie terrane have Sr and Nd isotopic compositions with EMI features. Their low and variable initial eNd values ranging from ?2 to ?18 are similar to those of their gneissic country rocks and the ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks in the South Dabie terrane. These Sr and Nd isotopic features are difficult to be interpreted by mantle metasomatism related to oceanic subduction or crust assimilation, but is best explained by the mantle metasomatism related to continental subduction. 相似文献
19.
Gültekin Topuz Aral I. Okay Rainer Altherr Winfried H. Schwarz Gürsel Sunal Lütfi Altınkaynak 《Island Arc》2014,23(3):181-205
Within the Tethyan realm, data for the subduction history of the Permo–Triassic Tethys in the form of accretionary complexes are scarce, coming mainly from northwest Turkey and Tibet. Herein we present field geological, petrological and geochronological data on a Triassic accretionary complex, the A?vanis metamorphic rocks, from northeast Turkey. The A?vanis metamorphic rocks form a SSE–NNW trending lozenge‐shaped horst, ～20 km long and ～6 km across, bounded by the strands of the active North Anatolian Fault close to the collision zone between the Eastern Pontides and the Menderes–Taurus Block. The rocks consist mainly of greenschist‐ to epidote‐amphibolite‐facies metabasite, phyllite, marble and minor metachert and serpentinite, interpreted as a metamorphic accretionary complex based on the oceanic rock types and ocean island basaltic, mid‐ocean ridge basaltic and island‐arc tholeiitic affinities of the metabasites. This rock assemblage was intruded by stocks and dikes of Early Eocene quartz diorite, leucogranodiorite and dacite porphyry. Metamorphic conditions are estimated to be 470–540°C and ～0.60–0.90 GPa. Stepwise 40Ar/39Ar dating of phengite–muscovite separates sampled outside the contact metamorphic aureoles yielded steadily increasing age spectra with the highest incremental stage corresponding to age values ranging from ～180 to 209 Ma, suggesting that the metamorphism occurred at ≥ 209 Ma. Thus, the A?vanis metamorphic rocks represent the vestiges of the Late Triassic or slightly older subduction in northeast Turkey. Estimated P–T conditions indicate higher temperatures than those predicted by steady state thermal models for average subduction zones, and can best be accounted for by a hot subduction zone, similar to the present‐day Cascadia. Contact metamorphic mineral assemblages around an Early Eocene quartz diorite stock, on the other hand, suggest that the present‐day erosion level was at depths of ～14 km during the Early Eocene, indicative of reburial of the metamorphic rocks. Partial disturbance of white‐mica Ar–Ar age spectra was probably caused by the reburial coupled with heat input by igneous activity, which is probably related to thrusting due to the continental collision between Eastern Pontides and the Menderes–Taurus Block. 相似文献