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C++ and Java code for recursion formulas in mathematical geodesy 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Klaus Hehl 《GPS Solutions》2005,9(1):51-58
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Several hybrid neutral atmosphere delay models have been developed at the University of New Brunswick. In this paper we are
presenting UNB3m_pack, a package with subroutines in FORTRAN and corresponding functions in MatLab which provides neutral
atmospheric information estimated using the UNB3m model. The main goal of UNB3m is to provide reliable predicted neutral atmosphere
delays for users of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) and other transatmospheric radiometric techniques. Slant neutral
atmosphere delays are the main output of the package, however, it can be used to estimate zenith delays, Niell mapping functions
values, delay rates, mapping function rates, station pressure, temperature, relative humidity and the mean temperature of
water vapor in the atmospheric column. The subroutines work using day of year, latitude, height and elevation angle as input
values. The files of the package have a commented section at the beginning, explaining how the subroutines work and what the
input and output parameters are. The subroutines are self-contained, i.e., they do not need any auxiliary files. The user
has simply to add to his/her software one or more of the available files and call them in the appropriate way.
The GPS Tool Box is a column dedicated to highlighting algorithms and source code utilized by GPS engineers and scientists.
If you have an interesting program or software package you would like to share with our readers, please pass it along; e-mail
it to us at gps-toolbox@ngs.noaa.gov. To comment on any of the source code discussed here, or to download source code, visit
our website at . This column is edited by Stephen Hilla, National Geodetic Survey, NOAA, Silver Spring, Maryland, and Mike Craymer, Geodetic
Survey Division, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. 相似文献
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Applied Research Laboratories, The University of Texas at Austin (ARL:UT) has established a cross platform open source software
project called the GPSTk or the GPS Toolkit. The GPSTk consists of a library and collection of applications that support GPS
research, analysis, and development. The code is released under the terms of the Lesser GNU Public License. The GPSTk supports
a broad range of functionality. This includes reading and writing observations in standard formats, such as RINEX, BINEX,
and SP3, ephemeris evaluation, position determination, receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM), atmospheric delay
modeling, cycle slip detection and correction, and P-code generation. The GPSTk provides the core set of functionality that
is used for GPS research and development at ARL:UT. ARL:UT has been involved with satellite navigation since Transit (the
precursor to GPS) in the 1960s and is currently conducting research in a wide variety of GPS-related fields, including precise
surveys, monitor station networks, and ionospheric studies. The GPSTk is a community-wide resource for all users of GPS and
GNSS technology. Participation is welcomed in all areas including: bug reports, new algorithms, suggestions for improvement,
and contributions of additional functionality or applications. ARL:UT continually improves the library, shepherds community
participation, and is committed to the project’s development and maintenance.
The GPS Toolbox is a column dedicated to highlighting algorithms and source code utilized by GPS Engineers and scientists.
If you have an interesting program or software package you would like to share with our readers, please pass it along; e-mail
it to us at gps-toolbox@ngs.noaa.gov. To comment on any of the source code discussed here, or to download source code, visit
our website at . This column is edited by Stephen Hilla, National Geodetic Survey, NOAA, Silver Spring, Maryland, and Mike Craymer, Geodetic
Survey Division, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. 相似文献
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MATLAB Tools for viewing GPS velocities and time series 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
Over the past decade, many Global Positioning System (GPS) networks have been installed to monitor tectonic motions around the world. Some of these networks contain hundreds of sites spread across active tectonic margins where the differences in velocities across the network can be 50–100 mm/year. For networks that have been running for a number of years, the uncertainty in the velocity estimates can be less than 1 mm/year. In some cases the vertical motions can also be significant and of importance. Often, the time series of the motions of the GPS sites show complex non-linear behavior, and in all cases the statistical model of the time series is more complex than simple white noise. In this article, we describe a set of Matlab tools developed for use with the GAMIT/GLOBK GPS data analysis system (King 2002; King and Herring 2002) that allow interactive viewing and manipulation of GPS velocities and time series with a Matlab-based graphical user interface (GUI). The formats of the data files used by the tools are specific to GAMIT/GLOBK, but they are simple ASCII files that can be generated from other file formats. The tools are referred to as GGMatlab.The GPS Toolbox is a column dedicated to highlighting algorithms and source code utilized by GPS Engineers and scientists. If you have an interesting program or software package you would like to share with our readers, please pass it along; e-mail it to us at gps-toolbox@ngs.noaa.gov/. To comment on any of the source code discussed here, or to download source code, visit our website at . This column is edited by Stephen Hilla, National Geodetic Survey, NOAA, Silver Spring, Maryland, and Mike Craymer, Geodetic Survey Division, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. For the sidebar, see the Volume 6, Number 4, 2003 issue of the GPS Toolbox column. 相似文献
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The Scripps Orbit and Permanent Array Center (SOPAC) has completed development for the UNAVCO community of first-generation GPS Seamless Archive (GSAC) software. The GSAC is a virtual archive composed of an assembly of agencies and investigators exchanging information about their respective GPS-related data holdings in a well defined, cohesive manner. The superset of this published information is collected and ingested into centralized databases administered currently by two data brokers (Retailers), who make the data available to the public in a seamless manner. There are three user interfaces available: the interactive GSAC Wizard, a command-line Unix-style executable called gsac-client, and a front door HTTP service called the GSAC Retailer Service Interface. Each user interface provides access to the data collections of 6 different GPS archives (GSAC Wholesalers) in North America. Together these archives have published more than 2 million GPS data files pertaining to over 10,000 different geodetic monuments. These datasets are composed in large part of data collected by US scientists and their collaborators over the period 1986 to the present in Western North America and other tectonically active regions around the globe, as well as the holdings of two IGS global data centers. In this article, we describe how the three GSAC user interfaces provide the community a powerful set of tools for seamlessly mining information and collecting data files from a distributed network of GPS archives.The GPS Toolbox is a column dedicated to highlighting algorithms and source code utilized by GPS Engineers and scientists. If you have an interesting program or software package you would like to share with our readers, please pass it along; e-mail it to us at gps-toolbox@ngs.noaa.gov. To comment on any of the source code discussed here, or to download source code, visit our website at . This column is edited by Stephen Hilla, National Geodetic Survey, NOAA, Silver Spring, Maryland, and Mike Craymer, Geodetic Survey Division, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. 相似文献
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Doug Hunt 《GPS Solutions》2000,4(1):74-76
The GPS Toolbox is dedicated to highlighting algorithms utilized by GPS engineers and scientists. If you have an interesting
algorithm you would like to share with our readers or if you have a topic you would like to see covered in a future column,
contact us at gps-toolbox@ngs.noaa.gov. To comment on the algorithms presented here, or to leave a request for an algorithm
you may be looking for, visit our Web site (http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/gps-toolbox). ? 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
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Introducing HTDP 3.1 to transform coordinates across time and spatial reference frames 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The National Geodetic Survey, an office within the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, recently released version 3.1 of the Horizontal Time-Dependent Positioning (HTDP) utility for transforming coordinates across time and between spatial reference frames. HTDP 3.1 introduces improved crustal velocity models for both the contiguous United States and Alaska. The new HTDP version also introduces a model for estimating displacements associated with the magnitude 7.2 El Mayor–Cucapah earthquake of April 4, 2010. In addition, HTDP 3.1 enables its users to transform coordinates between the newly adopted International Terrestrial Reference Frame of 2008 (ITRF2008) and IGS08 reference frames and other popular reference frames, including current realizations of NAD 83 and WGS84. A more convenient format to enter a list of coordinates to be transformed has been added. Users can now also enter dates in the decimal year format as well as the month-day-year format. The new HTDP utility, explanatory material and instructions are available at http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/TOOLS/Htdp/Htdp.shtml. 相似文献
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《测量评论》2013,45(74):146-155
AbstractShortly after the inception of the Geodetic Survey of Canada in 1905, reconnaissance for primary triangulation was commenced in the Ottawa-Montreal area. About the same time, precise levelliilg operations were begun from a bench mark already established by the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey near the International border at Rouses Point in Quebec. 相似文献
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A new adjustment of the geodetic control networks in North America has been completed, resulting in a new continental datum—the
North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83).
The establishment ofNAD 83 was the result of an international project involving the National Geodetic Survey of the United States, the Geodetic Survey
of Canada, and the Danish Geodetic Institute (responsible for surveying in Greenland). The geodetic data in Mexico and Central
America were collected by the Inter American Geodetic Survey and validated by the Defense Mapping Agency Hydrographic/Topographic
Center.
The fundamental task ofNAD 83 was a simultaneous least squares adjustment involving 266,436 stations in the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Central
America. The networks in Greenland, Hawaii, and the Caribbean islands were connected to the datum through Doppler satellite
and Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations.
The computations were performed with respect to the ellipsoid of the Geodetic Reference System of 1980. The ellipsoid is positioned
in such a way as to be geocentric, and its axes are oriented by the Bureau International de l'Heure Terrestrial System of
1984.
The mathematical model for theNAD readjustment was the height-controlled three-dimensional system. The least squares adjustment involved 1,785,772 observations
and 928,735 unknowns. The formation and solution of the normal equations were carried out according to the Helmert block method.
[Authors' note:This article is a condensation of the final report of the NAD 83 project. The full report (Schwarz,1989) contains a more complete discussion of all the topics.] 相似文献
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High-performance GPS RTK software has been developed within the Geodetic Research Laboratory (GRL) at the University of New Brunswick (UNB). This software was initially designed for gantry crane auto-steering. Due to limitations with classical geodetic deformation monitoring techniques, the Canadian Centre for Geodetic Engineering (CCGE) at UNB has decided to augment its fully automated deformation monitoring system with GPS. As a result, the GRL and CCGE have combined efforts to achieve the required precision. As a first step, tests of the GPS real-time kinematic (RTK) software have been carried out at Highland Valley Copper Mine in British Columbia, Canada. An open-pit mine environment places certain constraints on the achievable accuracies attainable with GPS. Consequently, the software has been modified to meet the needs of this particular project and data have been post-processed for analysis. This paper describes the approach taken at UNB to address high precision requirements in a constrained signal availability environment. Technical and scientific aspects of the UNB software, especially in handling two predominant errors (residual tropospheric zenith delay and multipath) at the mine, are discussed. Results of tests that have been carried out at the mine are presented. 相似文献
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全球导航卫星系统的新进展 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
本文综合介绍了于 2 0 0 4年 9月 2 1日至 2 4日在美国加州举行的“全球导航卫星系统” 2 0 0 4年年会(GNSS2 0 0 4 )会议的主要议题 ,并对其中我们可能关切的方面进行了重点介绍。①美国的GPS连续运行站网(CORS)。CORS由美国大地测量局 (NGS)主持运行。用户可以通过NGS网络 ,获得用户的GPS待定点相邻的CORS站 (三个以上 )的GPS相应载波相位和码距 ,以支持用户的GPS准实时或后处理定位。NGS也可以为用户通过网络提供GPS定位计算服务 ,这一服务可以在用户提供待定点的观测资料后的几个小时内完成 ,称为NGS的在线GPS定位服务。CORS目前在美国已有 5 0 0余个站。②GPS系统的进展。GPSⅡR型卫星从体形和功能方面都比较优秀 ,使GPS卫星在轨的位置误差显著降低 ,测距精度提高近一倍 ,目前GPSⅡR型卫星截止至 2 0 0 4年 1月 1日时有 9颗在轨。③利用L1 ,L2频道的GPS空基增强系统 (WAAS)。在美国大部分地区WAAS系统的水平精度可达 1～ 2m ,垂直精度可达 2～ 3m。④GPS信号的重构。美国已发展了一种高度逼真的和适应各种情况的虚拟GPS信号系统 ,这种虚拟发射装置可以是陆基的 ,空基的 ,或者星基的。GPS接收机可以利用这一虚拟的GPS信号进行精密定位。⑤Galileo卫星导航系统运行的准备工作。欧洲空间局已经重新和? 相似文献
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GPS Antenna Calibration at the National Geodetic Survey 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13
Gerald L. Mader 《GPS Solutions》1999,3(1):50-58
The precise point whose position is being measured when a GPS baseline is determined is generally assumed to be the phase
center of the GPS antenna. However, the phase center of a GPS antenna is neither a physical point nor a stable point. For
any given GPS antenna, the phase center will change with the changing direction of the signal from a satellite. Ideally, most
of this phase center variation depends on satellite elevation. Azimuthal effects are only introduced by the local environment
around each individual antenna site. These phase center variations affect the antenna offsets that are needed to connect GPS
measurements to physical monuments. Ignoring these phase center variations can lead to serious (up to 10 cm) vertical errors.
This article will describe the procedure by which the National Geodetic Survey is calibrating GPS antennas and how this information
may be obtained and used to avoid problems from these antenna variations. ? 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
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We processed 30 consecutive days of Global Positioning System (GPS) data using the On-line Positioning Users Service (OPUS)
provided by the National Geodetic Survey (NGS) to determine how the accuracy of derived three-dimensional positional coordinates
depends on the length of the observing session T, for T ranging from 1 h to 4 h. We selected five Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS), distributed widely across the
USA, and processed the GPS data for each with corresponding data from three of its nearby CORS. Our results support the current
OPUS policy that recommends using a minimum of 2 h of static GPS data. In particular, 2 h of data yielded a root mean square
error of 0.8, 2.1, and 3.4 cm in the north, east, and up components of the derived positional coordinates, respectively. Results
drastically improve for solutions containing 3 h or more of GPS data. 相似文献
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The latest gravimetric geoid model for Japan, JGEOID2000, was successfully combined with the nationwide net of GPS at benchmarks,
yielding a new hybrid geoid model for Japan, GSIGEO2000. The least-squares collocation (LSC) method was applied as an interpolation
for fitting JGEOID2000 to the GPS/leveling geoid undulations. The GPS/leveling geoid undulation data were reanalyzed in advance,
in terms of three-dimensional positions from GPS and orthometric heights from leveling. The new hybrid geoid model is, therefore,
compatible with the new Japanese geodetic reference frame. GSIGEO2000 was evaluated internally and independently and the precision
was estimated at 4 cm throughout nearly the whole region.
Received: 15 October 2001 / Accepted: 27 March 2002
Acknowledgments. Messrs. Toshio Kunimi and Tadashi Saito at the Third Geodetic Division of the Geographical Survey Institute (GSI) mainly
carried out the computations of most of the updated leveled heights. With regard to the reanalysis of GPS data, the discussions
with Messrs. Yuki Hatanaka and Shoichi Matsumura of GSI were of great help in building the analysis strategy. Messrs. Kazuyuki
Tanaka and Hiromi Shigematsu collaborated in the preparatory stages of GPS data computation. The authors' thanks are extended
to these colleagues. Some plots were made by GMT software (Wessel and Smith 1991).
Correspondence to: Y. Kuroishi 相似文献
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GPS技术已经非常成熟,但是GPS高程属于大地高系统,而我国实际水准数据采用的是正常高系统。导致GPS高程不能直接运用,降低了GPS数据的利用效率。本文应用区域椭球的定位定向拟合方法,通过对椭球的定向进行调整,以消除椭球面相对于投影面的倾斜异常,并应用软件实现该转换。经在某工程应用中对比,得出区域椭球法具有可观的应用前景。 相似文献
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William G. Kass Robert L. Dulaney Jake Griffiths Stephen Hilla Jim Ray James Rohde 《Journal of Geodesy》2009,83(3-4):289-295
NOAA’s National Geodetic Survey (NGS) has been one of the Analysis Centers (ACs) of the International GNSS Service (IGS) since its inception in 1994. Solutions for daily GPS orbits and Earth orientation parameters are regularly contributed to the IGS Rapid and Final products, as well as solutions of weekly station positions. These solutions are combined with those of the other ACs and then the resultant IGS products are distributed to users. To perform these tasks, NGS has developed and refined the Program for the Adjustment of GPS EphemerideS (PAGES) software. Although PAGES has continuously evolved over the past 15 years, recent efforts have focused mostly on updating models and procedures to conform more closely to IGS and the International Earth Rotation Service (IERS) conventions. Details of our processing updates and demonstrations of the improvements will be provided. 相似文献
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The activities of the Ionosphere Working Group of the International GPS Service (IGS) 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
This article is based on a position paper presented at the IGS Network, Data and Analysis Center Workshop 2002 in Ottawa,
Canada, 8–11 April 2002, and introduces the IGS Ionosphere Working Group (Iono_WG). Detailed information about the IGS in
general can be found on the IGS Central Bureau Web page: http://igscb.jpl.nasa.gov. The Iono_WG commenced working in June
1998. The working group's main activity currently is the routine production of ionosphere Total Electron Content (TEC) maps
with a 2-h time resolution and daily sets of GPS satellite and receiver hardware differential code bias (DCB) values. The
TEC maps and DCB sets are derived from GPS dual-frequency tracking data recorded with the global IGS tracking network.
In the medium- and long-term, the working group intends to refine algorithms for the mapping of ionospheric parameters from
GPS measurements and to realize near–real–time availability of IGS ionosphere products. The paper will give an overview of
the Iono_WG activities that include a summary of activities since its establishment, achievements and future plans.
Electronic Publication 相似文献