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腾冲地震台数字地震记录S波分裂研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对2000～2010年腾冲地震台数字地震资料进行S波分裂研究,得到了腾冲地区不同时间段内的应力优势方向和S波延迟时间.结果表明,其快波偏振方向主要集中在NE30°～55°,这与该区的主应力场方向基本一致.横波分裂延迟时间能为地震预报和区域应力场研究提供有用的信息. 相似文献
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云南普洱-宁洱地区变形及应力场的有限元模拟 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为研究普洱-宁洱地区强震频发与构造应力场和变形场的相关性,以1997—2007年GPS数据计算得到的云南普洱-宁洱块体年运动量为边界约束,建立云南普洱-宁洱地区包含红河断层及澜沧江断层等10个断层的三维摩擦接触有限元模型,计算在GPS年运动速率约束下棋盘式构造格局的变形位移场、应变场及应力场分布,并将计算结果与GPS计算结果进行比较。通过计算发现:普洱-宁洱断层群会使澜沧江及红河断层包围区域变形及应力场更复杂,普洱-宁洱地区复杂变形及应力场可能是该地区中强地震频发的主要原因;镇远-普洱断层可能是影响普洱-宁洱地区变形及应力场的主要断层;普洱-宁洱地区走向共轭断层交汇处,存在较大变形及应力值;变形场与应力场会随断层走向变化而发生变化,在断层走向变化剧烈部位有较大值。 相似文献
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为了检测定向裂隙介质中横波分裂的方位属性特征,分析地震属性随裂隙密度和方位变化,采用人工吸收边界和反周期扩展边界,用伪谱法获得不同裂隙密度和不同方位地质模型三分量地面记录;应用时频分析和剪切波偏振分析研究由于裂隙方位和密度引起的横波分裂.结果显示,裂隙密度和方位决定着横波分裂的时差和偏振.快慢横波的延迟时间随裂隙密度增大而增加,不同方位相同裂隙密度的横波分裂时差有微小的变化.在45°方位检测时间延迟时间最大.通过时频分析,可以看到不同方位的瞬时主频有显著的变化,在横波分裂处瞬时主频有明显变化.因此,瞬时主频和快横波的偏振以及延迟时间可以作为裂隙方位和密度的指示. 相似文献
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洱源地震台数字地震记录S波分裂研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《地震地磁观测与研究》2015,(5)
利用2008年1月—2013年5月洱源地震台数字地震资料进行S波分裂研究,得到洱源地区应力优势方向和S波延迟时间,结果表明,洱源地区快剪切波偏振优势方向为NE160°,与活动断裂走向一致,与GPS主压应力方向一致,与该区主压应力场方向基本一致。在洱源地震台300 km范围内发生M≥4.5地震前,快剪切波偏振方向发生明显偏转。部分地震前,延迟时间增加;部分地震发生前短时间内,延迟时间有减小现象,符合震前应力长时间积累和短时间应力释放的特征。可见,S波分裂参数可以反映区域应力场的动态变化信息,为应力场研究与地震预测提供有用信息。 相似文献
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2008年汶川地震震源区横波分裂的变化特征 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
对2008年汶川地震序列的横波分裂的时空变化现象进行了研究．通过在横波窗内S波质点运动图的分析,从地震余震区附近台站的近场地震记录中提取了S波分裂的快波偏振方向和快慢波之间的时间延迟．龙门山断裂附近7个台站的S波分裂的结果显示了快波偏振方向的空间分布特征,断裂带东南侧（四川盆地一侧）台站的快波偏振方向总体为北东方向,而在断裂西北侧高原内部的PWU（平武台）则为近东西方向．观测到了快慢波之间到时差的趋势性变化,靠近余震带南端的L5501台的到时差在主震后持续减小,北端PWU台的到时差比主震前明显增大．横波分裂现象主要由台站下方岩层中随应力场方向排列的微裂隙控制,结果显示了主震和余震过程中区域应力场的变化,汶川地震余震活动带南部的应力在主震和余震中得到了释放,地壳应力场在余震带北部集中,导致了PWU台在主震后介质各向异性强度的增强． 相似文献
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2000年云南姚安Ms6.5地震余震序列S波分裂研究 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
本文利用云南姚安MS6 5地震后在震中附近架设的 3个三分向数字记录台站的地震资料 ,对该区S波分裂进行研究。结果表明 :① 2 36条处于横波窗内的记录S波分裂现象明显 ;②延迟时间大部份在 3 5～ 10 5ms km范围 ,平均值为 7 0ms km ;③快波偏振方向大部份在N140°E～N16 4°E范围 ,平均值为N15 2 4°E ;④快波的优势偏振方向与主震的发震断裂 (马尾菁断裂 )和余震的发震破裂方向不一致 ,而与该区的主压应力方向比较符合 ;⑤姚安地震余震序列的S波分裂是应力场控制的EDA裂隙各向异性的结果。 相似文献
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通过对1982年7月3日云南剑川Ms5．4级地震的余震震群近场记录的研究，为该地区存在横波分裂现象及上部地壳存在裂隙各向异性提供了直接的证据．剑川地区地震记录波形复杂，纵、横波视周期差异较大．横波快波偏振主要集中在NE45°和NW55°两个方向．7月20日ML4．8级强余震前后横波快波偏振取向变化显著，各台横波偏振方向震前彼此相对独立；震后整体上趋于有序．前者反映了地震发生前由于震源区应力集中在附近空间形成的应力分布的差异；后者显示出地震发生后由于震源区集中应力的释放带来的上述应力差异在一定空间范围的解除．该结果表明震源附近地区地震横波分裂特征不仅携带着地震处于相对平静期应力场的静态信息，而且也携带着地震发生前后应力场时、空动态变化的重要信息．文中还讨论了剑川地区构造对S波分裂的影响． 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学》2015,(2)
对2013年芦山Ms7.0级地震序列的横波分裂的时空变化现象进行了研究.通过在横波窗内S波质点运动图的分析,从位于龙门山断裂带南段芦山地震震源区地震台站的记录中提取了S波分裂的快波偏振方向和慢波的到时延迟.在研究区,观测到各台站的快波偏振优势方向从南向北有分区特征,慢波到时延迟的随时间有趋势性变化.空间上,快波偏振优势方向在南部为北东向,与龙门山断裂走向一致,而北部为北西向,与区域主压应力方向一致,位于断裂带上的台站TQU和BAX表现出特殊性,可能受到龙门山断裂带的直接影响,体现了断裂带上的应力场方向变化的特殊性.时间上,慢波到时延迟在主震后迅速增大,持续一段时间后又减小;横波分裂现象主要由台站下方岩层中随应力分布排列的微裂隙控制,本文结果揭示了主震和余震过程中区域应力场的变化,芦山地震震源区的地壳应力在主震后得到了增强,随着余震活动导致的应力释放,后期应力减小. 相似文献
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对2017年九寨沟MS7.0地震序列的横波分裂的时空变化特征进行了分析.通过横波窗内S波质点运动图的分析,从九寨沟地震震源区各个地震台站的近震横波记录中提取了横波分裂的快波偏振方向和慢波延迟时间.观测结果显示,震源区各台站的上地壳各向异性在空间上存在分区特征,时间上有随时间的趋势性变化特征.空间上,位于震源区北部余震区内的3个台站中,发震断层东面的台站L5112和L5111只有一个突出的快波偏振优势方向（NNE向）,而西面的L6202台有两个快波偏振优势方向（除了NNE向,还有一个近EW向）,体现了余震区剧烈调整的地壳应力和构造复杂断裂的综合作用;余震区外的3个台站中,震源区东部靠近塔藏断裂（东）附近的JZG台的快波偏振优势方向为NW向,与塔藏断裂（东）的走向一致,南部的台站L5110和L5113的快波偏振优势方向为近EW向,与区域主压应力方向一致;余震区内各台站的平均慢波延迟时间大于余震区外各台站,反映了九寨沟地震孕育过程中余震区的应力积累强于其周边区域.时间上,快波偏振方向在主震后前期离散度较大,随着时间的推移,离散度在后期有逐渐变小的趋势;慢波延迟时间在主震后较大,但随着时间的推移,也表现出逐渐减小,趋于稳定.横波分裂随时间逐渐减小和趋于稳定的变化特征反映了九寨沟地震在孕震中积累的应力,随着主震和余震的发生而导致的应力释放和调整,应力大小和调整幅度逐渐减小,后期趋于稳定. 相似文献
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Peaks in the Cascade Range in northern Washington State are on average ～800 m higher than in southern Washington. The influences of differential valley excavation and variations in hillslope length and average slope on these altitudinal trends were tested using a 3‐dimensional model for isostatic rock uplift and calculations of hillslope length and slope respectively. The magnitude of isostatic peak uplift calculated by the model is highly dependent on the flexural rigidity (D) and the related effective elastic thickness (Te) of the crust of this region. Crustal rigidity was constrained using published estimates and by estimating the depth of the seismogenic zone in the area (D > 1 × 1023 Nm and Te > 24 km). With these constraints, isostatic compensation due to differential erosion added < 700 m and 300 m, or < 25% overall, of height to peaks in the northern and southern Cascades, respectively. Deeper valley incision in the northern Cascades accounts for < 300 m of the 800 m difference in peak altitudes between north and south. Similarly, variation in valley spacing and slope account for < 350 m of the difference in mean altitude between northern and southern regions. Hence, at least several hundred m difference in altitude between the northern and southern regions of the Cascades in Washington must be due to tectonic, geologic, or geophysical factors rather than surficial and geomorphic effects like isostatic response to valley incision and hillslope geometry. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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A list of volcanic eruption plumes observed to ascend into or near the stratosphere since 1883 shows that the volcanoes divide readily into two groups, one at low and one at higher latitudes. A model for the rise of a buoyant volcanic plume rise as applied to volcanic eruptions is corrected for realistic temperature profiles and for the finite vertical extent of the resultant debris clouds. The utility of the model can be questioned, however, owing to the highly uncertain and variable nature of the efficiency of use of heat energy of buoyant rise. The observed correlation of stratospheric plumes with climatic effects indicates that those plumes nearer the equator have the largest impact on surface temperatures. Analysis of the observations also suggests that injection of debris into the stratosphere is more important in determining the effect on climate than either the total volcanic explosivity of the eruption or the actual height reached within the stratosphere. 相似文献
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Barry Saltzman 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1964,57(1):153-160
Summary A possible formal approach to a closed steady-state theory of the mean axially-symmetric variables is outlined. The approach involves alternating iterative solutions of the energy and momentum equations. In these equations the effects of transient eddy phenomena of all frequencies are assumed to be parameterized in terms of the mean symmetric variables. 相似文献
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Concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb were determined in filtered water, suspended particulate matter, and bottom sediments from a 2000 km section of the Ob and Irtysh Rivers. Dissolved Cd, Cr, Cu and Ni concentrations are similar to, or higher than, results from other Russian Arctic and large world river-estuaries. Concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb in suspended particulate matter are generally comparable to results from other Russian Arctic and large world rivers and estuaries. Comparison of trace metal ratios in crustal material and suspended particulate matter and bottom sediment suggests that the source of Cr, Cu and Ni is continental weathering. Particulate Cd and Pb are elevated relative to their crustal abundance, suggesting a source of these metals to the Ob-Irtysh in addition to continental weathering. 相似文献
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The earth's largest positive geoid height anomalies are associated with subduction zones and hotspots. Although the correlation with subduction has been noted for many years, the correlation with hotspots is fully evident only when the subduction-related geoid highs are removed from the observed field. Using the assumption that subducted lithospheric slabs are uncompensated and are thermally re-equilibrated with the asthenosphere at the maximum depth of earthquakes, the expected geoid anomaly over subduction zones is calculated. This field provides a satis-factory fit to the observed circum-Pacific high. Subtraction of this predicted anomaly leaves a residual field which is correlated, at greater than the 99% confidence level, with the distribution of hotspots. Broad residual geoid highs occur over the central Pacific and the Africa/eastern Atlantic regions, the same areas where the hotspots are concentrated. The mass anomalies associated with hotspots and subducted slabs apparently control the location of the earth's spin axis. 相似文献
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Pore water testing and analysis: the good,the bad,and the ugly 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
The increasingly common practice of collecting and assessing sediment pore water as a primary measure of sediment quality is reviewed. Good features of this practice include: pore water is a key exposure route for some organisms associated with sediments; pore water testing eliminates particle size effects; pore water analyses and tests can provide useful information regarding contamination and pollution. Bad features include: pore water is not the only exposure route; pore water tests lack chemical or biological realism: their "sensitivity" relative to other tests may be meaningless due to manipulation and laboratory artifacts; many sediment and surface dwelling organisms are not directly influenced by pore water. Bad features can become ugly if: other exposure pathways are not considered (for toxicity or bioaccumulation); manipulation techniques are not appropriate; pore water tests are inappropriately linked to population-level effects. Pore water testing and analyses can be effective tools provided their limitations are well understood by researchers and managers. 相似文献
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Introduction The June 4, 2000 southern Sumatra, Indonesia, earthquake (16h28min26.2s UTC, 4.72, 102.09, 33 km, MS=8.0 [IRIS]) occurred under the Indian Ocean, near the Mentawai fault, along the well-known Sumatran subduction zone and the great Sumatran fault, all of which trend northwest-southeast. 1 800 houses were totally destroyed, 10 196 were heavily damaged, and 18 378 were slightly damaged by the earthquake. At least 97 people were killed, 1 900 were injured, and 122 000 were left… 相似文献