共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 718 毫秒
1.
政府间气候变化专门委员会1995年气候变化评价报告指出,全球海平面在过去的100年里上升了18cm,预测全球海平面将加速上升,在2050年时上升20cm,2100年时上升49cm.根据近40多年的验潮资料分析,中国沿岸海平面上升速率为1.4～2.0mm/a,与全球上升速率一致。由于沿海许多地区的严重地面沉降,地壳垂直升降的不同,以及其它因素的影响,我国沿岸海平面的相对上升各不相同,严重地区的上升速率要大得多。海平面的加速上升必将使我国沿海大部地区的风暴潮等自然灾害更加严重。 相似文献
2.
关于海平面上升及其环境效应 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
沿海地区地质环境复杂。由于国民经济的迅速发展,人类活动日益增多,对地质环境进一步造成严重的不利影响。特别是“温室效应”引发的海平面上升,使各种地质灾害更加激化。文章详细探讨了海平面上升的影响因素,理论海平面与相对海平面升降幅度的评估,以及海平面上升所造成的地质环境效应与相应的防治对策,特别强调控制沿海城市地面沉降,以减轻海平面相对上升造成的危害,具有特殊而重要的意义。 相似文献
3.
中国沿海地区可持续发展战略与地面沉降系统防治 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：12
沿海地区为我国社会经济发展战略的中心，地面沉降和海平面上升已成为其实现可持续发展战略面临的重大环境问题。地面沉降由于区域性和不可逆性，其危害是永久的；并由此将派生一系列相关的地质灾害及环境、社会问题。地势低平、地质环境脆弱的沿海地区，地面沉降系统防治具有重大的战略意义。本文根据可持续发展理论，运用系统工程原理，对地面沉降进行了系统分析，全面提出了水资源管理和地面沉降系统防治的技术性对策和政策性意见。 相似文献
4.
长江三角洲地区的相对海平面上升与地面沉降 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
在有关学者以往研究工作的基础上,对长江三角洲地区的相对海平面上升和地面沉降问题作了分析探讨。认为相对海平面上升已经在并将继续在该区造成多种危害,地面沉降是影响相对海平面上升诸多因子中贡献率最大的因子,它主要由人类活动引起,同相对海平面上升一样．也是该区不容忽视的地质灾害之一。然而,由于采取了积极的控制措施,上海地区人为引起地面沉降在相对海平面上升中的贡献率已从20世纪50、60年代的90％以上降至目前的60％以下,但预计在未来几十年中仍将占相当大的比例,必须引起人们的高度警觉,采取更为积极的防治对策。 相似文献
5.
上海地区未来海平面上升及产生的可能影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
未来海平面变化,特别是由于地面沉降等引起的相对海平面上升,将对沿海地区的地质环境及人类的生存发展产生极大的影响,通过对影响上海地区海平面变化主要因素的概括,对未来的相对海平面变化作出了预测,对由海平面上升引起的环境效应作了阐述,提出了相应的防治对策。强调了控制上海地区的地面沉降,以减轻海平面上升所造成的危害,具有特殊而重要的意义。 相似文献
6.
国际地面沉降研究综述 总被引：20，自引：2，他引：18
文章在介绍国际地面沉降会议历史及２０００年第六届国际地面沉隆会议简况的基础上,并根据２０００年第六届国际地面沉降会议论文,对国际地面沉降研究进展情况分成如下六个方面进行了综述。地面沉降地质因素介绍了古代地面沉降、泥炭层沉降、地震砂土液化地面沉降和海平面上升研究状况。地下流体运移地面沉降方面介绍了以地下水开采为主的地面沉降问题及地面塌陷、天然气开采引起的地面沉降、均匀沉降对建筑结构的破坏和欠固结石英 相似文献
7.
论述了冰期与间冰期的气候变化与海平面升降的关系以及冰期与间冰期的古地貌，全面系统地阐述了上海地面沉降之后的地质环境，并提出了控制地面沉降的５条建议。 相似文献
8.
沧州地下水超采与地面沉降关系的分析与探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对沧州市水资源严重匮乏、为维持村地区民众和生存和发展,不得不大量超采深层地下水,并由此而引发的地下水位下降、地面沉降等一系列环境地质问题,通过地面沉降机理的分析、沉降层的确定等,结合多年观测资料,分析探讨了地下水超采与地面沉降的关系,结果表明：地下水超采已引发了严重的地质环境问题,包括地面沉降。 相似文献
9.
中国沿海地质环境与区域持续发展的若干问题探讨 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
本文分析了中国沿海岩石圈动力学的基础特征, 指出中国东部沿海地质环境与灾害存在南北分异的格局, 阐述了沿海区域工程地质环境的基本规律, 并通过全球及中国近百年海平面变化, 以及人类工程活动对河口海岸地质环境影响的分析, 对沿海地区未来的地质环境与灾害趋向做了初步评估, 并认为中国沿海21世纪的环境与发展将面临严峻的挑战, 特别是环渤海地区。最后, 对影响沿海区域发展的若干问题进行了初步探讨并提出了几点建议。 相似文献
10.
利用青藏高原现代冰川雪线的遥感调查与监测结果,对青藏高原40多年来由于现代冰川雪线的变化而引发的水资源、冻土、荒漠化、湿地、湖泊、地质灾害、海平面上升以及地震等生态地质环境问题进行了分析,并对可能产生的生态环境和气候问题进行了初步探讨。 相似文献
11.
21世纪中叶天津沿海地区极端高水位趋势预测 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
据统计,天津沿海地区50年一遇的风暴潮极端增水水位为 4.092m,开展控沉工作后的地面下沉速率约为15mm/a,目前沿岸海挡顶面高程一般为 4.332m.参考孟加拉湾、伦敦、汉堡等沿海地区在2050年海平面上升(取较今高约0.2m的推测值)背景下的极端增水趋势预测(增加0.5m),推测天津沿海地区2050年的极端高水位将增加到 4.792m(4.092m 0.2m 0.5m),现有海挡顶面高程将下沉至 3.687m(以2007年为起算年份).2050年极端高水位将比届时的海挡顶面高1.105m,由此将加重风暴潮水漫溢致灾的危险.如果再考虑波浪叠加、河口效应、极端海面上升等不确定因素的影响,危险将更加严重. 相似文献
12.
《China Geology》2019,2(1):26-39
Bulletins of China’s National Sea Level show that the average rising rate of sea-levels in China is 3.3 mm/a over the past 40 years, with an obviously accelerated rising trend in the last decade. The rate of relative sea-level rise of the Yangtze River Delta reached >10 mm/a after considering the land subsidence, and Bohai Bay is even greater than 25 mm/a. The impact of the sea level rise to the coastal area will be greater in the coming years, so carrying out an assessment of this rising trend is urgent. This paper, taking the coastal area of Tianjin and Hebei as examples, comprehensively evaluates the impact of sea-level rise through multitemporal remote sensing shoreline interpretation, ground survey verification, elevation measurements for both seawall and coastal lowlands. The results show that the average elevation of the measured coastal areas of Tianjin and Hebei is about +4 m, and the total area of >100 km2 is already below the present mean sea level. More than 270 km, ca. 31% of the total length of the seawall, cannot withstand a 1-in-100-year storm surge. Numerical simulations of the storm flooding on the west coast of Bohai Bay, for 1-in-50-years, 1-in-100-years, 1-in-200-years and 1-in-500-years, show that if there were no coastal dykes, the maximum flooding area would exceed 3000 km2, 4000 km2, 5300 km2 and 7200 km2, respectively. The rising sea has a direct and potential impact on the coastal lowlands of Tianjin and Hebei. Based on the latest development in international sea-level rise prediction research, this paper proposes 0.5 m, 1.0 m and 1.5 m as low, middle and high sea level rise scenarios by 2100 for the study area, and combines the land subsidence and other factors to the elevation of the existing seawall. Comprehensive evaluation results indicate that even in the case of a low scenario, the existing seawall will not be able to withstand a 1-in-100-years storm surge in 2030, and the potential flooding areas predicted by the model will become a reality in the near future. Therefore, the seawall design in the coastal areas of Tianjin and Hebei must consider the combined effects of land subsidence, sea level rise and the extreme storm surges caused by it.©2019 China Geology Editorial Office. 相似文献
13.
Land subsidence due to groundwater withdrawal: potential damage of subsidence and sea level rise in southern New Jersey, USA 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Land subsidence due to groundwater withdrawal combined with a global sea level rise creates a serious environmental problem
in the coastal region. Groundwater withdrawal results in fluid pressure change in the layers. The pressure change in the layers
induces both elastic and inelastic land compaction. The elastic compaction can be recovered if the water level rises again
and inelastic compaction becomes permanent. Groundwater response to barometric pressure change is used to estimate the elastic
compaction in this study. The storativity, specific storage and other layer and hydrological information are used to estimate
the inelastic compaction of the layers due to fluid withdrawal. The discussed methods are applied to estimate and predict
the subsidence potentials resulting from overdrafting of the groundwater in the southern New Jersey. The estimated subsidence
is about 2–3 cm near the location of monitoring wells in Atlantic, Camden, Cumberland and Cape May Counties over the past
20 years. If the current trend of water-level drop continues, the average subsidence in southern New Jersey in the vicinity
of some monitoring wells will be about 3 cm in the next 20 years. The rise of global sea level is about 2 mm/year on average.
Because of the very gentle slope in southern NJ, the combination of subsidence and sea level rise will translate into a potentially
substantial amount of land loss in the coastal region in each 20 year period. This combination will also accelerate the coastal
flooding frequency and the erosion rate of the New Jersey coastal plain, and pose a serious threat to the coastal economy.
Received: 15 December 1997 · Accepted: 30 June 1998 相似文献
14.
地面沉降规律预测新模式 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Yan Tongzhen 《地球科学》1989,(2)
文章讨论了地面沉降当前一般研究及其防治措施;提出了若干尚待深入研究的有关问题。概括了地面沉降区的几种重要沉积模式和沉降机理。以世界上记录到的最大的美国加州中部谷地和规模较小的中国浙江宁波市地面沉降为例,重点对其动态规律作了概要讨论;以其监测数据为背景,采用Verhulst氏生物模型原理和灰色控制系统理论分别对两者进行了控制预测及预测控制。结果表明,在一定控制条件下,可以预测出二者沉降寿命分别为140年和90年;若严格予以控制,宁波市可望免于沉没海水面之下。 相似文献
15.
基于生态工程的海岸带全球变化适应性防护策略 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在全球变化导致的海平面上升和灾害性气候等压力下,我国海岸带风暴潮、海岸侵蚀、地面沉降等灾害发生频率和强度正在增加,对海岸防护体系的需求日益提高。传统海岸防护工程维护成本高,更新困难,而且可能造成地面沉降、水质恶化、生态退化、渔业资源衰退等后果。基于生态工程的海岸防护提供了抵御海岸带灾害的新理念。修复和重建沙滩、红树林、沼泽湿地、珊瑚礁等海岸带生态系统,可以起到消浪、蓄积泥沙、抬升地面的作用,有效应对全球变化引发的灾害风险,形成更可持续的海岸防护体系。通过分析不同海岸防护技术的优势和限制,认为以生态工程为核心理念构建和管理我国海岸防护体系,才能起到保障社会经济发展和维持生态健康的最佳效果。 相似文献
16.
Sea level rise (SLR) as a result of global warming has an impact on the increasing inundation on the coastal area. Nowadays,
Semarang coastal area in Indonesia is already subject to coastal hazard due to tidal inundation and land subsidence. The impact
of the inundation is predicted to be even more severe with the scenario of sea level rise. This paper concentrates on the
risk assessment to the population, land use, and monetary losses as a result of coastal inundation under enhanced sea level
rise. This paper uses the scenario of the depth of inundation to generate coastal inundation model using GIS-Technology. Anticipatory
issues including methodology development for hazard assessment would be necessary for Semarang coastal area, and therefore,
geo-information technology can be considered as a useful tool to rapidly assess the impact of the coastal hazard and evaluate
the economic losses. 相似文献
17.
Alexandria-Nile Delta coast,Egypt: update and future projection of relative sea-level rise 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Omran El Sayed Frihy Essam A. Deabes Samy M. Shereet Farid A. Abdalla 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,61(2):253-273
Previous studies have indicated that the Nile River deltaic plain is vulnerable to a number of aspects, including beach erosion,
inundation, and relatively high rates of land subsidence. This issue motivates an update and analysis of new tide-gauge records,
from which relative sea-level changes can be obtained. Estimated rates from five tide gauges are variable in terms of magnitude
and temporal trend of rising sea level. Analysis of historical records obtained from tide gauges at Alexandria, Rosetta, Burullus,
Damietta, and Port Said show a continuous rise in mean sea level fluctuating between 1.8 and 4.9 mm/year; the smaller rate
occurs at the Alexandria harbor, while the higher one at the Rosetta promontory. These uneven spatial and temporal trends
of the estimated relative sea-level rise (RSLR) are interpreted with reference to local geological factors. In particular,
Holocene sediment thickness, subsidence rate and tectonism are correlated with the estimated rates of relative sea-level change.
From the relatively weak correlation between them, we presume that tectonic setting and earthquakes, both recent and historical
ones, contribute more to accelerated RSLR than that of dewatering and compression/dewatering of Holocene mud underlying the
Nile Delta plain. As a result, large areas of the coastal plain have been subsided, but some sectors have been uplifted in
response to tectonic activities of thick underlying older strata. Projection of averaged sea-level rise trend reveals that
not all the coastal plain of the Nile Delta and Alexandria is vulnerable to accelerated sea-level rise at the same level due
to wide variability of the land topography, that includes low-lying areas, high-elevated coastal ridges and sand dunes, accretionary
beaches, and artificially protective structures. Interaction of all aspects (tectonic regime, topography, geomorphology, erosion
rate, and RSLR rate) permitted to define risk areas much vulnerable to impacts of sea incursion due to accelerated sea-level
rise. 相似文献
18.
Luigi Tosi Pietro Teatini Laura Carbognin Jane Frankenfield 《Environmental Geology》2007,52(5):889-898
The paper deals with the implementation of a levelling and Global Positioning System (GPS) network to control land subsidence
in the coastal area north of the Venice Lagoon. About 480 km of levelling lines with 527 benchmarks, 45 of which suited for
Differential GPS measurements, were established in 2004. A complete survey of the net was carried out in 2004 soon after its
establishment. The 2004 records have been compared with previous scattered data obtained by the use of levelling surveys,
DGPS and SAR interferometry. The results show a trend in land settlement that increases from the lagoon margin to the north
and jeopardize the Venice coastland. Groundwater withdrawals for domestic, agricultural, and health spas uses, peat oxidation
of reclaimed marshlands for farming, natural consolidation of the Holocene deposits, and tectonics of the pre-Quaternary basement
are the causes of land subsidence in the study area. Since most of the area lies below the mean sea level and on account of
the expected sea level rise due to global change, a detailed monitoring of land displacements in the near future will be of
paramount importance to plan necessary works for coastland protection. 相似文献
19.
曹妃甸浅滩潮道保护意义及曹妃甸新老填海规划对比分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
曹妃甸填海工程是全国第一大填海工程,拟填海造陆310 km2,建设曹妃甸工业区。曹妃甸海区有曹妃甸外缘深槽和老龙沟深槽两大港口潜力区,建设曹妃甸工业区,使其充分发挥优良港口的作用是合理的。但填海面积过大,填挖土石方严重不平衡,尤其是通岛公路的建设阻断了曹妃甸浅滩潮道是曹妃甸老填海规划的主要缺陷。曹妃甸浅滩潮道是浅滩区的重要潮流通道,对维护老龙沟深槽港口潜力区和区域海洋环境有重要作用,不应被阻断而应当保留畅通。海洋专家们的呼吁对曹妃甸填海规划的修改起了重要作用。近来出台的曹妃甸新填海规划做了重大修改:准备再开通浅滩潮道,恢复北东东向的浅滩潮流系统;要在老龙沟附近修建一个大港池,使老龙沟深槽港口潜力区得到保护和利用;填挖土石方平衡有了明显改善;增加了岸线;减轻了对海洋环境的影响。但仍然存在某些需要进一步完善和推敲之处。津塘—曹妃甸地区是中国两大地面沉降区之一,应做好防止地面沉降、海洋灾害及地震灾害等隐患的准备。填海面积不宜过大,少填多察,多做海洋环境检测。填海要在海洋环境容量能够承受的情况下循序渐进地进行。 相似文献