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1.
暗物质空间探测器是中国科学院紫金山天文台空间实验室提出的,其目的是为了探测暗物质粒子湮灭可能产生的高能电子和伽玛粒子.BGO量能器是暗物质粒子探测卫星主要载荷之一,高能粒子的能量主要沉积在BGO量能器中.为了使探测器覆盖5 GeV~10T'eV的探测范围,要求每个BGO探测单元具有约1.5×10~5的动态范围.为了对这一大动态范围的探测单元进行测试,提出一种比较简易的线性测试方法,并在实验室构建一个相应的测试系统,对BGO量能器探测单元读出系统的线性进行测试.测试结果表明BGO量能器探测单元读出的非线性度好于2.7%.  相似文献   

2.
近几十年暗物质研究已逐渐成为天文学研究的重要领域之一,相关理论研究和试验项目日新月异,中国的暗物质粒子探测卫星正是在此背景下提出的.由于暗物质粒子探测卫星的探测对象涉及高能电子,为了减少其他带电粒子(主要是质子)被误认为是电子的事件率,必须采用适当的方法区分质子和电子.实验表明高能质子在BGO(锗酸铋)量能器内发生的强子簇射与电子在BGO量能器内发生的电磁簇射有明显的区别,且强子簇射通常伴随着大量的次级中子产生,通过测量BGO量能器底部出射的次级中子信号和入射粒子在BGO量能器中簇射的形状可以有效区分入射到BGO量能器的粒子是质子还是电子.介绍了暗物质粒子探测卫星中子探测器的构成以及探测原理,利用GEANT4软件,模拟了特征能量的质子和电子在中子探测器中产生的信号,并且总结出了中子探测器在不同电子接收效率情况下的电子、质子区分能力.  相似文献   

3.
暗物质粒子探测卫星(Dark Matter Particle Explorer,DAMPE)是一个空间高能宇宙射线探测器.DAMPE的有效载荷包括塑闪阵列探测器、硅阵列探测器、BGO(Bismuth germanate)量能器、中子探测器(Neutron Detector,NUD)以及载荷数管5个分系统,这5个分系统协同完成宇宙线事例信息的采集.卫星发射之前需要对有效载荷的功能进行系统性验证,因此基于Lab Windows/CVI(C programming language Virtual Instrument)开发平台建设了一套用于暗物质粒子探测卫星有效载荷系统测试的地面综合测试系统.该系统实现了有效载荷系统测试的集成化、自动化,提高了测试的安全性、可靠性和测试效率,为暗物质粒子探测卫星有效载荷的顺利交付提供了保障.  相似文献   

4.
"实践八号"乳胶室探测器是我国首次用于空间观测高能电子及伽玛射线的乳胶 室探测器.介绍"实践八号"乳胶室探测器的设计原理、数据分析方法、设计过程和初步 观测结果等."实践八号"乳胶室探测器空间观测时间为15天,可探测的粒子能量范围为 100GeV～5TeV.  相似文献   

5.
作为暗物质粒子探测器(DAMPE, Dark Matter Particle Explorer)的一部分,触发系统主要用于判选所需探测的目标粒子(高能电子和伽玛射线)事例,剔除非目标粒子事例。触发系统由触发探测器和触发判选逻辑电路组成。介绍了触发地检测试系统和宇宙线触发系统的设计和功能实现。触发地检系统实现了对触发判选逻辑电路的电子学验证;另外,配合宇宙线触发系统对部分触发逻辑和触发效率进行了测试。主要介绍了触发系统的测试方法和一些初步测试结果。  相似文献   

6.
暗物质粒子探测卫星(DArk Matter Particle Explorer,简称DAMPE)是一颗高分辨多功能的空间探测器,主要用来测量宇宙射线中的高能电子(正电子)、质子、伽玛射线和重离子,卫星已于2015年12月17日发射升空.塑料闪烁体探测器(Plastic Scintillator Detector,简称PSD)是DAMPE的子探测器,位于DAMPE的最上方.主要介绍DAMPE在轨期间PSD的相关内容,包括电压和温度状态,其中PSD的温度变化小于1?C,每个光电倍增管的电压变化小于0.5%.利用卫星传回的数据,研究了PSD晶体内的光衰减行为,根据经验公式得到每条PSD晶体的光衰减长度,利用PSD得到了初步的宇宙射线电荷谱.  相似文献   

7.
袁强 《天文学报》2023,64(5):49-11
高能宇宙线的起源、加速和传播是重大的前沿科学问题,回答该问题需要对宇宙线的能谱、各向异性以及各类高能天体电磁辐射进行精确观测.通过空间粒子探测器对宇宙线各成分能谱的直接测量是研究宇宙线物理问题的重要手段.中国于2015年底发射并持续运行至今的暗物质粒子探测卫星以其大接受度、高能量分辨率等特点,在宇宙线直接探测方面取得了系列重要成果,揭示出质子、氦核、硼碳和硼氧比例等宇宙线能谱的新结构,为理解宇宙线起源等科学问题提供了新的依据.介绍了暗物质粒子探测卫星的仪器设置、运行状况、科学成果及其物理意义.  相似文献   

8.
太阳爆发探测小卫星高能暴谱仪   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
太阳爆发探测小卫星(Small Explorer for Solar Eruptions,简称SMESE)是中国法国合作小卫星.SMESE计划在下一个太阳活动峰年(-2011年)发射上天,同时观测太阳上两类最剧烈爆发现象:耀斑和日冕物质抛射(CME),瞄准当代科学的前沿课题,同时兼顾空间天气学的应用需要.高能暴谱仪(High Energy Burst Spectrometer,简称HEBS)是太阳爆发探测小卫星上3大主要载荷之一,采用世界最新高能量分辨LaBr3闪烁探测器,观测太阳10 keV-600 MeV的高能辐射.其能量分辨优于3.0%@662 keV,高于目前通用闪烁探测器的2倍以上,可望在耀斑和CMEs的能量释放,粒子加速,以及耀斑和CMEs之间的关系研究方面取得突破.  相似文献   

9.
在高能电磁波段,天文探测器的角分辨率较低,面对大量的伽玛射线观测数据时,研究人员需要利用数据分析软件迅速找出一些未知天体的位置。利用2008年发射运行的国际费米伽玛射线空间望远镜(Fermi)的高能伽玛射线数据(100 Me V),对伽玛射线暴(Gamma-ray Burst,GRB)进行了详细的快速精准定位,主要研究了不同时间和能量选择时对天体源的探测置信度的影响。研究结果表明,选择伽玛射线暴触发时间零点(T0)到T0+1 000 s以内的时间范围可以很好地定位伽玛射线暴的高能对应体位置。实验得到的高能伽玛射线TS位置图最佳位置与低能电磁波段的后随观测位置很好地符合,表明实验算法可以有效地计算该类天体伽玛射线暂现源的真实位置。  相似文献   

10.
高能伽马射线探测是研究极端天体物理的主要途径之一.空间高能伽马射线探测具有覆盖波段宽、时间连续性好、能量分辨率高等突出优势.在成功研发并运行我国首颗天文卫星—“悟空”号(DArk Matter Particle Explorer, DAMPE)的基础上,紫金山天文台联合国内的多家单位提议研制甚大面积伽马射线空间望远镜(Very Large Area gamma-ray Space Telescope, VLAST),该望远镜在GeV–TeV能段接受度高达10 m2·sr,并具有强的MeV–GeV波段探测能力,其综合性能预期比费米卫星的大面积伽马望远镜(Fermi-LAT (Large Area Telescope))提升10倍之上.重点介绍了VLAST的主要科学目标,探测器的初步配置及预期性能指标.  相似文献   

11.
A space dark matter detector is proposed by the Key Laboratory of Dark Matter And Space Astronomy of Chinese Academy of Sciences for detecting the high-energy electrons and Gamma particles produced by the annihilation of dark matter in space. The whole detector is mainly composed of the BGO (bismuth germanium oxide) high-energy image calorimeter and scintillation hodoscope. The energy range of the detector will cover the high-energy electrons and Gamma particles of 10 Gev∼10 TeV, in which the energies of high-energy particles are mainly deposited in the BGO calorimeter. For verifying the scheme of the detector, we have designed a prototype readout system for the BGO calorimeter of the space dark matter detector, and made a preliminary test on it.  相似文献   

12.
The major scientific goals of the DArk Matter Particle Explorer(DAMPE) are to study cosmicray electrons(including positrons) and gamma rays from 5 GeV to 10 TeV and nuclei from Z = 1 to 26 up to 100 TeV. The deposited energy measured by the Bismuth Germanate Oxide(BGO) calorimeter of DAMPE is affected by fluorescence attenuation in BGO crystals that are 600 mm long. In this work, an in-orbit attenuation calibration method is reported, and energy correction of the sensitive detector unit of the BGO calorimeter is also presented.  相似文献   

13.
The Dark Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) is a space-borne high-energy cosmic ray detector. The payload consists of five subsystems, including the Plastic Scintillator Detector (PSD), the Silicon-Tungsten tracKer converter detector (STK), the BGO (Bismuth Germanate) calorimeter, the NeUtron Detector (NUD), and the Data AcQuisition system (DAQ). The five subsystems work collaboratively to collect the information of cosmic rays. In order to systematically verify the performance of the payload before launching, we have developed a set of integrated test system for the ground tests of the payload based on the LabWindows/CVI (C programming language Virtual Instrument) platform. This system has realized the integrity and automation of the comprehensive ground tests of the payload, improved the security, reliability, and efficiency of the ground tests, and provided a guarantee for the successful delivery of the payload.  相似文献   

14.
We have developed radiation detectors using the new synthetic diamonds. The diamond detector has an advantage for observations of “low/medium” energy gamma rays as a Compton telescope. The primary advantage of the diamond detector can reduce the photoelectric effect in the low energy range, which is background noise for tracking of the Compton recoil electron. A concept of the Diamond Compton Telescope (DCT) consists of position sensitive layers of diamond-striped detector and calorimeter layer of CdTe detector. The key part of the DCT is diamond-striped detectors with a higher positional resolution and a wider energy range from 10 keV to 10 MeV. However, the diamond-striped detector is under development. We describe the performance of prototype diamond detector and the design of a possible DCT evaluated by Monte Carlo simulations.   相似文献   

15.
The SOLAR-A spacecraft has spectroscopic capabilities in a wide energy band from soft X-rays to gamma-rays. The Wide Band Spectrometer (WBS), consisting of three kinds of spectrometers, soft X-ray spectrometer (SXS), hard X-ray spectrometer (HXS) and gamma-ray spectrometer (GRS), is installed on SOLAR-A to investigate plasma heating, high-energy particle acceleration, and interaction processes. SXS has two proportional counters and each counter provides 128-channel pulse height data in the 2–30 keV range every 2 s and 2-channel pulse count data every 0.25 s. HXS has a NaI scintillation detector and provides 32-channel pulse height data in the 20–400 keV range every 1 s and 2-channel pulse count data every 0.125 s. GRS has two identical BGO scintillation detectors and each detector provides 128-channel pulse height data in the 0.2–10 MeV range every 4 s and 4-channel pulse count data (0.2–0.7, 0.7–4, 4–7, and 7–10 MeV) every 0.25–0.5 s. In addition, each of the BGO scintillation detectors provides 16-channel pulse height data in the 8–100 MeV range every 4 s and 2-channel pulse count data (8–30 and 30–100 MeV) every 0.5 s. The SXS observations enable one to study the thermal evolution of flare plasma by obtaining time series of electron temperatures and emission measures of hot plasma; the HXS observations enable one to study the electron acceleration and heating mechanisms by obtaining time series of the electron spectrum; and the GRS observations enable one to study the high-energy electron and ion acceleration and interaction processes by obtaining time series of electron and ion spectra.After the launch the name of SOLAR-A has been changed to YOHKOH.  相似文献   

16.
DArk Matter Particle Explorer(DAMPE), the first Chinese astronomical satellite, was successfully launched at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on 2015 Dec. 17. DAMPE consists of four subdetectors: Plastic Scintillator array Detector(PSD), Silicon-Tungsten tracKer-converter(STK), Bismuth Germanium Oxide(BGO) imaging calorimeter and NeUtron Detector(NUD). The global hardware trigger signal, which is generated by hits from the BGO calorimeter and the trigger logic board in the data acquisition system(DAQ), is responsible for event selection and DAQ synchronization of DAMPE. On orbit,to improve the detection efficiency, different trigger logics are used for event selection in different regions of latitude. The DAMPE trigger system compresses the average on-orbit trigger rate to 60 Hz and reduces science data mass to less than 13 GB per day to meet the requirement for the satellite's data link. The whole trigger system has run stably up to now, ensuring excellent on-orbit operation of DAMPE.  相似文献   

17.
One of the scientific objectives of NASA’s Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope is the study of Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs). The Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor (GBM) was designed to detect and localize bursts for the Fermi mission. By means of an array of 12 NaI(Tl) (8 keV to 1 MeV) and two BGO (0.2 to 40 MeV) scintillation detectors, GBM extends the energy range (20 MeV to > 300 GeV) of Fermi’s main instrument, the Large Area Telescope, into the traditional range of current GRB databases. The physical detector response of the GBM instrument to GRBs is determined with the help of Monte Carlo simulations, which are supported and verified by on-ground individual detector calibration measurements. We present the principal instrument properties, which have been determined as a function of energy and angle, including the channel-energy relation, the energy resolution, the effective area and the spatial homogeneity.  相似文献   

18.
Basic principles of operation and characteristics of scintillation and semi-conductor detectors used for solar hard X-ray and gamma-ray spectrometers are presented. Scintillation materials such as NaI offer high stopping power for incident gamma rays, modest energy resolution, and relatively simple operation. They are, to date, the most often used detector in solar gamma-ray spectroscopy. The scintillator BGO has higher stopping power than NaI, but poorer energy resolution. The primary advantage of semi-conductor materials such as Ge is their high-energy resolution. Monte-Carlo simulations of the response of NaI and Ge detectors to model solar flare inputs show the benefit of high resolution for studying spectral lines. No semi-conductor material besides Ge is currently available with adequate combined size and purity to make general-use hard X-ray and gamma-ray detectors for solar studies.  相似文献   

19.
Recent reports of superhigh energy cosmic rays beyond the expected spectral cutoff have intensified interest in the unknown origin of the highest energy cosmic rays. There is a need for a much larger data base of more precisely measured air showers. This requires new sensitive detectors of enormous aperture. Combining a ground array of particle counters with an optical detector of atmospheric fluorescence yields a detector of outstanding capability. Such a hybrid detector provides far more accurate measurements of energies, arrival directions, and primary particle atomic masses than can be achieved by either type of detector separately.  相似文献   

20.
ATHENA is a large X-ray observatory, planned to be launched by ESA in 2028 towards an L2 orbit. One of the two instruments of the payload is the X-IFU: a cryogenic spectrometer based on a large array of TES microcalorimeters, able to perform integral field spectrography in the 0.2–12 keV band (2.5 eV FWHM at 6 keV). The X-IFU sensitivity is highly degraded by the particle background expected in the L2 orbit, which is induced by primary protons of both galactic and solar origin, and mostly by secondary electrons. To reduce the particle background level and enable the mission science goals, the instrument incorporates a Cryogenic AntiCoincidence detector (CryoAC). It is a 4 pixel TES based detector, placed < 1 mm below the main array. In this paper we report a scientific assessment of the CryoAC observational capabilities in the hard X-ray band (E > 10 keV). The aim of the study has been to understand if the present detector design can be improved in order to enlarge the X-IFU scientific capability on an energy band wider than the TES array. This is beyond the CryoAC baseline, being this instrument aimed to operate as anticoincidence particle detector and not conceived to perform X-ray observations.  相似文献   

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