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1.
矿化富集动力学模型及其在矿产预测中的应用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
文中研究了地壳中元素迁移聚集和成矿过程的混沌动力学机制 ,揭示了地质环境中非线性过程的相互作用是造成地壳的元素含量与矿化不均匀分布的原因 ,并由此导致元素含量、矿床储量及其空间分布的分形结构。Logistic映射为研究上述行为和过程提供了一个较好的数学模型。参数 μ ,即成矿潜能 ,可将区域划分为非成矿区和成矿区。以新疆某地金矿床为例 ,用实际数据来估计模型 (4 )中的参数 μ值 ,其预测结果与用其他方法 (例如特征分析 )的预测结果大体一致。从而为预测金矿床提供另一新的途径。 相似文献
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MA Tuhu ZHU Xingsheng LI Changjiang Institute of Geology Mineral Resources of Zhejiang Province Tiyuchang Ro Hangzhou 《《地质学报》英文版》1998,72(4):392-398
In this paper a nonlinear dynamic model for the distribution of element content and mineralization in the crust is suggested and the iteration relationship formula of this model coincides with the logistic equation. This shows that mineralization related with migration and enrichment of elements is in chaos, thus resulting in fractal structures of element content and ore reserves and their spatial distribution in the crust. 相似文献
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喜马拉雅构造-成矿域及其成矿效应初步分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过近年来的研究 ,提出了全新的喜马拉雅构造 -成矿域概念。从大喜马拉雅构造域及其成矿效应出发 ,通过构造域对矿集区的控制作用、成矿时代、成矿物质来源、深部过程与成矿效应的分析 ,从而较全面地评价了青藏高原及邻区的资源潜力和需要进一步工作的重要成矿带或矿集区。通过分析认为喜马拉雅构造 -成矿域内强烈的壳幔物质交换 ,下地壳翻天覆地的物质和流体交换 ,导致了在同一构造地质单元内可以有一个或多个超大型矿床的存在。并对多个重要矿床类型提出了更切合实际的观点 ,如西藏甲马铜钼银铅锌金多金属矿床属于矽卡岩 -斑岩复合型 ,云南羊拉铜钼金多金属矿床也属于矽卡岩 -斑岩复合型矿床等。在喜马拉雅构造域内形成的燕山晚期或喜马拉雅期矿床大多和大陆地壳深部复杂的动力学过程有关 ,所形成的矿床矿物组合及成矿元素组合复杂 ,特别是矿石中钴、银元素含量较高 ,许多矿床中银、钴已经作为主要成矿元素。最后明确提出了青藏高原主体及东缘重要矿集区的资源潜力 相似文献
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浅析热液对流成矿系统 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
热液对流系统中的酸-碱反应和氧化-还原反应往往共轭出现,与流体物理化学条件的交替转化有关,并控制了矿质活化-迁移-堆积过程。物理化学条件的交替变化还导致了成矿物质迁移方式和迁移能力的变化。SO4^2-在热液对流体系中是搬运许多金属元素的重要配位剂,SO4^2-向S^2-的临界转化是导致矿质堆积的因素之一。热液对流成矿过程还是导致成矿物质的多来源性及不同来源物质混合的重要原因,并决定了硫、氧、碳、铅等稳定同位素演化路径和混合机制的复杂性。成矿／成烃耦合是成矿热液对流循环的一种现象,对流循环系统成油机制可能具有普遍的意义,是在海底热液活动区或热异常区寻找油气藏的依据。 相似文献
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以深部地球物理资料为基础,结合大地构造环境、岩浆岩同位素示踪及矿产资源分布规律,加以综合分析.通过热力学计算可知,中国东部近2亿年来的上地幔岩石圈/软流圈构造可以存留至今,且能区分出中、新生代.软流圈上涌与矿集区:(1)中生代金属矿:(a)克拉通区,软流圈沿柱身上涌,其柱头上方形成幔壳混熔花岗质岩及相应Au、Cu、Mo、Pb-Zn等矿集区,并于柱身与岩石圈块体陡接触带,形成中基性杂岩及相应富Fe矿集区;(b)褶皱带区,在软流圈上涌柱上方形成近幔源型花岗质岩,相应为Cu、Au、Pb-Zn、Mo、Ag矿集区;(c)南岭带,软流圈层在适当深度、热量充足、较大范围内"平卧",因热传导而致使地壳内物质部分重熔,形成壳源型花岗质岩及相应的W、Sn、稀有元素矿集区;(2)新生代油气田:(a)与太平洋板块俯冲有关的软流圈上涌,其上方出露玄武岩,形成较大型油田;(b)与裂陷盆地有关的软流圈上涌,其上方形成大型油田,也有中小型油田.软流圈上涌与大地构造:中生代J-K时期,通过构造力特征等的综合分析,阐明燕山运动的根源及其影响;新生代侧重剖析大陆裂谷相关特征.总之,软流圈上涌是岩石圈减薄,以及中、新生代构造-岩浆-矿集区形成的根源. 相似文献
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最近若干年,许多金矿地质研究者在各类正式或非正式文献中,运用了金矿"集中区","密集区"、"聚集区"和"矿集区"等术语,用以表达金矿集中分布的趋势。据笔者所知,上述诸术语中,"金矿化集中区"使用最早,后几种术语是否和"集中区"的含义相同或相近,并未专门介绍,看来,似应旧话重提,以求内容表述尽量一起。 相似文献
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地球深部是大规模成矿作用的“驱动机”、“供应源”和“传输带”。深入揭示深部物质组成与分布、物质循环与能量转换、三维架构与动力过程,对理解成矿作用至关重要。岩浆岩“探针”及区域同位素(如全岩Nd、锆石Hf)填图是探索深部物质组成与演化过程的主要手段,可以探测地壳深部物质组成的三维架构,揭示新生地壳/古老地壳/再造地壳的空间分布与时空演变,从而为提升区域成矿规律认识提供深部物质制约证据,有助于成矿潜力的定量半定量评价及其区域成矿预测。文章重点总结和探讨了岩浆岩全岩Nd同位素和锆石Hf同位素区域填图在解决地壳三维架构与成矿规律方面的应用成果,深入探讨了巨量岩浆岩发育的深部驱动机制及其成矿制约,对比总结了不同类型造山带(如中亚增生造山带、青藏高原碰撞造山带、秦岭复合造山带等)和不同克拉通的地壳深部组成结构与成矿制约特色。研究显示：不论是什么造山带和克拉通,深部年轻地壳分布区制约了铜金、铜镍等矿床的形成分布;古老地壳控制了大型钼矿、铅锌矿、稀有金属等矿产;两者过渡地带常常发育铁矿等。这些研究不仅揭示了区域成矿规律,而且对成矿预测与成矿潜力评价有潜在的应用价值,有可能成为成矿规律研究特别是深部物质探测及成矿背景研究的新方向。 相似文献
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手持式X射线荧光光谱仪在富钴结壳资源勘查中的应用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
便携式X射线荧光光谱仪具有快速、无损分析的特点,本文重点研究了手持式X射线荧光光谱仪在富钴结壳碎块和浅钻岩心野外现场原位分析中的应用能力。采用压片法制样,以富钴结壳国家标准物质(GBW 07337~GBW 07339)和多金属结核国家标准物质(GBW 07249、GBW 07295和GBW 07296)作为校准样品,建立了手持式X射线荧光光谱仪测定富钴结壳样品的校准曲线。方法经国家标准物质GBW 07339验证,元素Mn、Fe、Co、Ni和Cu的精密度(RSD)在0.3%~3.0%之间,满足富钴结壳样品现场分析的要求。在海上资源勘查现场,应用手持式X射线荧光光谱仪对富钴结壳碎块和浅钻岩心原样进行了现场原位分析。富钴结壳碎块原样烘干后直接测试分析数据与实验室压片制样XRF分析数据对比表明,Mn、Fe、Co、Ni和Cu元素的测定值一致性良好;浅钻岩心的原位分析数据与实验室人工分层分析数据对比表明,各层位Mn、Fe、Co、Ni和Cu元素直接测试数据与实验室压片制样XRF分析数据分布趋势基本一致。实际应用研究表明,手持式X射线荧光光谱仪适合于现场原位分析,满足野外富钴结壳资源快速评价的要求,同时原位分析能更真实地反映原始富钴结壳岩心不同层位中各元素的变化特征,为进一步研究富钴结壳成矿机制提供更丰富的数据资料。 相似文献
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便携式X射线荧光光谱仪具有快速、无损分析的特点,本文重点研究了手持式X射线荧光光谱仪在富钴结壳碎块和浅钻岩心野外现场原位分析中的应用能力。采用压片法制样,以富钴结壳国家标准物质（GBW 07337~GBW 07339）和多金属结核国家标准物质（GBW 07249、GBW 07295和GBW 07296）作为校准样品,建立了手持式X射线荧光光谱仪测定富钴结壳样品的校准曲线。方法经国家标准物质GBW 07339验证,元素Mn、Fe、Co、Ni和Cu的精密度（RSD）在0.3%~3.0%之间,满足富钴结壳样品现场分析的要求。在海上资源勘查现场,应用手持式X射线荧光光谱仪对富钴结壳碎块和浅钻岩心原样进行了现场原位分析。富钴结壳碎块原样烘干后直接测试分析数据与实验室压片制样XRF分析数据对比表明,Mn、Fe、Co、Ni和Cu元素的测定值一致性良好;浅钻岩心的原位分析数据与实验室人工分层分析数据对比表明,各层位Mn、Fe、Co、Ni和Cu元素直接测试数据与实验室压片制样XRF分析数据分布趋势基本一致。实际应用研究表明,手持式X射线荧光光谱仪适合于现场原位分析,满足野外富钴结壳资源快速评价的要求,同时原位分析能更真实地反映原始富钴结壳岩心不同层位中各元素的变化特征,为进一步研究富钴结壳成矿机制提供更丰富的数据资料。 相似文献
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Tin-bearing granitic rocks of northeast Queensland range in age from Precambrian to Permian. They are high-level granites or adamellites enriched in volatile elements, such as Li, Be, B, and F. Tin contents are significantly higher than those of non-stanniferous granites, but lower than values reported for many tin granites elsewhere. A distribution of tin in which a high proportion of samples have tin contents significantly higher than background values, appears to be a useful criterion of potential tin mineralization. An uneven distribution of tin in the crust (or possibly the upper mantle) would explain the difference in tin contents of granites associated with tin mineralization, compared with granites from areas which do not contain tin deposits.No correlation of granite geochemistry with lead/zinc or copper mineralization was found. In particular, granites associated with such mineralization do not show anomalous abundances of Pb, Zn, or Cu. If mineralization is regarded as an independent by-product of magma generation rather than the result of differentiation processes, then this lack of correlation is explicable. 相似文献
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Phanerozoic primary tin and tungsten deposits and lithium–cesium–tantalum (LCT) type pegmatites define discontinuous belts that reach several thousand kilometers length. Mineralization along these belts is irregularly distributed, diachronous, and occurs in different tectonic settings on both sides of major sutures. Although these deposits formed during late magmatic differentiation processes, magmatism may be related to different geodynamic settings, in particular subduction, continental collision, and anorogenic extension. Here we test the hypothesis that the formation of these belts is explained by a generic process, involving three independent steps as prerequisite for the development of deposits: (i) intense chemical weathering of sedimentary rocks on a stable continent resulting in the enrichment of Sn and W in the protoliths, (ii) sedimentary—followed by tectonic—accumulation of the enriched debris at continent margins, and (iii) heating of the voluminous sedimentary protoliths generating Sn and/or W enriched melts. The Sn and/or W belts reflect the spatial distribution of enriched protoliths, whereas the discontinuous distribution of Sn and W mineralization within the belts reflects both, the locally extreme sedimentary and tectonic accumulation and the distribution of heat sources.
- (i)Intense chemical weathering results in the preferential loss of most feldspar-bound elements (e.g., Na, Ca, Sr, and Pb) and the residual enrichment of elements incorporated in or adsorbed on clay minerals (e.g., Li, K, Rb, Cs, Sn, and W), i.e., produces some of the hallmark geochemical signatures of tin granites that also are obtained by extreme magmatic fractionation of granitic melts. Intense chemical weathering occurs in tectonically stable areas with limited topography and may be particularly pronounced in the interior of large continental masses, such as late Proterozoic Rodinia, late Proterozoic to Cambrian Gondwana, and late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic Pangea.
- (ii)Sedimentary accumulation occurs when these blankets of chemically intensely weathered sediments are redistributed from the continent interior to the margins of the continent. This fluviatile redistribution is typically related to the fragmentation of megacontinents or supercontinents. Tectonic accumulation may occur when passive-margin sedimentary packages later are reworked in an active margin setting.
- (iii)The nature of the heat source controls type of mineralization and its relation to plate boundaries. Internal heating in orogenically thickened crust generates minimum-temperature melts that mobilize elements hosted in feldspar and muscovite and may generate granites and pegmatites with LCT-type signature. The formation of Sn and W mineralization requires higher temperatures to consume biotite. Such temperatures require heat advection from the mantle by (a) mantle-derived melts in subduction setting, (b) emplacement of ultrahigh-temperature metamorphic rocks that had been subducted to mantle depth during continental collision, or (c) mantle-derived melts in extensional settings. The age of mineralization within belt reflects the event of heat input.
15.
根据重磁场研究讨论桂北地区的铀成矿特点 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
桂北地区的重磁场与铀矿化有着密切的联系，地球物理场的特征反映了与铀成矿有关的地质环境。研究表明，桂北地区的铀矿化主要有如下一些明显的特点；（ｌ）铀矿化位于不同规模的地球物理场或异常的边缘，尤其是大规模的铀矿化产在区域重力低异常（对应于地壳增厚区即地幔拗陷区）的边缘；（２）深部地质作用如莫霍面的起伏、深部大规模的岩浆活动和深断裂作用是铀成矿的重要控制因素；（３）花岗岩体不仅是花岗岩型铀矿化，而且也是碳硅泥岩型铀矿化的铀源体，且岩浆的动力场愈强烈，岩体的铀含量愈高，对铀成矿愈有利；（４）与铀成矿有关的热液流体为非岩浆成因，具有很强的去碰能力，花岗岩为热液循环提供动力；（５）与铀矿化密切共生的黄铁矿主要源于岩体的“磁性壳”；（６）铀矿床形成于中－低温、浅地表的地质环境。 相似文献
16.
A. N. Glukhov 《Russian Journal of Pacific Geology》2014,8(3):177-186
The study of the distribution of the ore-forming elements in the Upper Proterozoic lithotectonic complexes of the Kolyma Terrane revealed their chalcophile affinity. Based on the sialic type of geochemical specialization, the mature composition of the continental crust of the region in the Late Proterozoic was suggested. It was shown that the epigenetic mineralization inherited the geochemical specialization of the host Late Proterozoic complexes, which indicates the active tectonomagmatic evolution of the Kolyma Terrane in the Phanerozoic. 相似文献
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The paper presents materials on a new (unconventional for the Urals) noble metal (platinum-gold-iron oxide) mineralization confined to terrigenous sequences of the Middle Riphean Mashak Formation on the western slope of the southern Urals. The mineralization is related to the percolation of reduced mantle fluids into upper levels of the crust at early stages of riftogenesis, their inversion in the crust, and redeposition of oreforming elements. 相似文献
18.
云南个旧锡铜多金属矿集区稀土元素分布特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对云南个旧锡铜多金属矿集区内与成矿关系密切的玄武岩、花岗岩以及不同类型的矿石、围岩的研究,并进行了有关稀土元素地球化学参数的计算,对原始测试数据进行球粒陨石标准化后,分别建立了各种岩石、矿石的稀土元素配分模式。并对印支期的玄武岩、燕山中晚期含锡花岗岩和围岩等进行稀土元素特征分析与研究,认为个旧不同类型矿体稀土元素分配特征与其相关的围岩之间具有一定的继承性,矿集区的成矿物质来源具有多元和多期叠加的成矿特点。 相似文献
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J. M. Santos Oliveira 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1982,17(2):81-92
Selected results of a geochemical survey using stream-sediment sampling for ore minerals are presented. The study was undertaken in the Mogadouro (Cravezes) region, northeastern Portugal in order to investigate prospecting parameters for scheelite (tungsten) mineralization within calc-silicate rocks (skarnoids).Statistical and mathematical treatment of the data obtained during prospecting aided the interpretation, particularly, factor analysis. Five factors explaining about 85% of the variability in the data, were extracted; some were characteristic lithological and mineralization factors which are still imprinted in the secondary environment. Two apparently non-correlated types of mineralization are demonstrated: a scheelite (tungsten)-tin mineralization, and a copper-lead-zinc mineralization.Anomalous patterns delineating the scheelite ore deposit are revealed by the spatial distribution of various chemical elements. This highlights the importance of some pathfinder elements which can be used for tungsten prospecting in this type of geological environment. Copper, Pb, Zn, Ni, Co, V, and Cr are suitable pathfinders for W and Sn in the Mogadouro region. 相似文献
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滇西富碱斑岩型矿床岩体和矿脉同位素地球化学研究 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
选取马厂箐铜钼金矿、金厂箐金矿、北衙铅金矿和姚安铅银金矿四个典型的富碱斑岩型多金属矿床，对岩体和矿脉的铅、硅、氢、氧、硫、碳及氦、氩同位素分析。结果表明，富碱岩浆和富硅成矿流体的最初和主要铅源均来自地幔，但混染了部分地壳或地层铅；富碱岩浆起源于地幔交代作用形成的富集地幔源区，而富硅成矿流体则具有原始地幔流体性质，前者的硅同位素组成表现为经历强烈动力分馏的高正值；后者则为几乎未经动力分馏的低负值。综合研究表明，该类矿床的成矿作用是在富碱岩浆的成岩过程中，伴随富硅成矿流体对岩体和地层围岩的(自)交代蚀变作用，并与岩石一定程度混染而实现的。因此，富硅成矿流体作用实质上是地幔流体交代作用在地壳内成矿作用中的延续。 相似文献