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Crustal Composition of China Continent Constrained from Heat Flow Data and Helium Isotope Ratio of Underground Fluid 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Based on conservation of energy principle and heat flow data in China continent, the upper limit of 1.3 μW/m3 heat production is obtained for continental crust in China. Furthermore, using the data of heat flow and helium isotope ratio of underground fluid, the heat productions of different tectonic units in China continent are estimated in range of 0.58–1.12 μW/m3 with a median of 0.85 μW/m3. Accordingly, the contents of U, Th and K2O in China crust are in ranges of 0.83–1.76 μg/g, 3.16–6.69 μg/g, and 1.0%–2.12%, respectively. These results indicate that the abundance of radioactive elements in the crust of China continent is much higher than that of Archean crust; and this fact implies China’s continental crust is much evolved in chemical composition. Meanwhile, significant lateral variation of crustal composition is also exhibited among different tectonic units in China continent. The crust of eastern China is much enriched in incompatible elements such as U, Th and K than that of western China; and the crust of orogenic belts is more enriched than that of platform regions. It can also be inferred that the crusts of eastern China and orogenic belts are much felsic than those of western China and platform regions, respectively, derived from the positive correlation between the heat production and SiO2 content of bulk crust. This deduction is consistent with the results derived from the crustal seismic velocity data in China. According to the facts of the lower seismic velocity of China than the average value of global crust, and the higher heat production of China continent compared with global crust composition models published by previous studies, it is deduced that the average composition models of global continent crust by Rudnick and Fountain (1995), Rudnick and Gao (2003), Weaver and Tarney (1984), Shaw et al. (1986), and Wedepohl (1995) overestimate the abundance of incompatible elements such as U, Th and K of continental crust. 相似文献
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Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of the Geothermal Field in the North China Downfaulted Basin
Chen Moxiang Wang Jiyang Wang Ji' an Deng Xiao Yang Shuzhen Xiong Liangping Zhang Juming 《《地质学报》英文版》1990,64(3):329-343
The geothermal field is mainly controlled by the regional tectonic framework characterized by alternationsof uplifted and depressed basement. and exhibits a similar zoned distribution of temperatures. In the upliftedarea the geothermal gradient (G) and terrestrial heat flow value(q) of the Cenozoic sedimentary cover are rela-tively high, with G=3.5-5.0℃/100m and q=63-84mW/m~2; whereas in the depressions they are rela-tively low, with G=2.7-3.5℃/100m and q=46-59mW/m~2. In the whole region, G=3.58℃/100m and q=61.5±13.4nW/m~2, indicating a comparatively high geothermal background and the presence of localgeothermal anomalies. A comparison of the results of mathematical simulation of the geothermal field with themeasured values shows a good agrecment between them. The geothermal difference between various tectonicunits is caused chiefly by the lateral and vertical variation of thermal properties of shallow crustal rocks. Thisphenomenon can be regarded as the result of redistribution of relatively uniform heat flows from the deep crustin the surficial part of the crust in the process of their upward conduction. 相似文献
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中生代、新生代时期地壳剧烈运动将胶东半岛划分为胶北隆起、胶莱凹陷、胶南-威海隆起三大构造单元,其中隆起山地区广泛分布花岗岩、变质岩,凹陷盆地区主要分布砂岩沉积地层,胶北隆起区与威海隆起区相对于胶莱凹陷盆地区具有更高的大地热流值.为系统分析胶东半岛大地热流值分布特征及其形成机理,本文在分析胶东半岛构造-热发展史、地热地质背景、地温场分布、岩石热导率、钻孔岩性与测温数据、地热流体化学成分等基础上,发现胶东半岛地热资源均为断裂构造控制类型的中低温对流型,其热源主要为三元聚热:导热断裂带水热对流、大地热流传导、地下水运移传导-对流;构造分布、岩石热物性、地热热储分布、地下水活动等是影响地温场分布的主要因素.针对胶东半岛地温场特征及其控制因素,提出了适合该地区的隆起-凹陷分流聚热模式与概念模型,即隆起山地区岩性以导热率、渗透率相对较高的侵入岩、变质岩为主,凹陷盆地区岩性以导热率、渗透率相对较低的砂岩为主,低导热率、低渗透率的凹陷区底部更像是一个相对隔热、隔水的顶板,使得来自地壳深部的大地热流及携带热量的流体、气体等在上涌的过程中在凹陷区的底部发生折射与再分配,从而导致热流在隆起山地区的底部形成一个温度相对更高的聚热区,反映在地表即是隆起山地区相对凹陷盆地区具有更高的大地热流值,特别隆起山地区轴部位置为热流值最高的区域,高热流值区域分布形态呈NE、NNE向分布,基本与胶东半岛NE、NNE向的深大断裂走向一致,该模式的提出可以更好地为胶东地区的地热资源勘探提供指导方向. 相似文献
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早前寒武纪古地热状态的构造环境意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
区域变质作用是在造山运动中地热流和动力联合作用的体现。在早前寒武纪的造山带中,随着地壳的缩短,古地热流向构造边界聚敛,形成由高温到低温的区域变质相带序列,它既指示古地热流运移的方向,又是构造边界的指向。古地热流值的高低同构造环境的性质有关,如陆内裂陷带的区域变质仅达绿片岩相,而陆缘活动带的则可高达角闪岩相。古地热流从活动带的边界向中心运移,具有向心性,随着构造层的深埋,构成地热槽,它的片段则表现为地热斜。识别这些古地热状态,可为构造环境属性的鉴定提供有力的依据 相似文献
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中国东北地区地热资源及热结构分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在我国东北地区，盆地的热流高而在山区和地台区（额尔古纳和佳木斯地台）热流较低，通过对该区的研究发现，在地壳和上地幔中莫霍面埋深，高导层埋深和热流值之间存在着密切的联系，通过对该区热流数据分析我们可以得到这样的结论：该区的地壳和上地幔的热结构引起了热流分布的变化。计算结果还表明，该区地台的地幔热流，地壳中10km以下和10km以上的热流对地表热流的贡献不同。该区松辽盆地中广泛分布着传导型中低温地热资源，对松辽盆地地热资源的开发利用有着广泛的前景。最后结合已有的地质和物探资料，还给出了长白山天池火山地区长白温泉地热系统的概念性模型。 相似文献
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淮北煤田的高温热害问题愈发突出,但目前对该区系统的地温场特征及大地热流分布研究非常稀少.在系统分析淮北煤田大量地面钻孔井温测井数据和井下巷道围岩温度测试数据的基础上,结合72块岩石样品的热导率测试结果,全面阐述了该区现今地温梯度和大地热流的分布特征.研究表明:淮北煤田现今地温梯度众值介于1.80~2.80 ℃/100 m之间,平均地温梯度为2.42 ℃/100 m;大地热流值变化范围为39.52~74.12 mW/m2,平均热流值为55.72 mW/m2,地温梯度和热流值均低于同处华北板块的其他盆地以及南部的淮南煤田;大地热流受地温梯度控制明显,两者分布较为相似,整体表现为南高北低、西高东低的特点.结果表明,区内现今地温场和热流分布主要受区域地质背景和区内构造格局的控制. 相似文献
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Research on the characteristics and influencing factors of terrestrial heat flow in Guizhou Province 
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下载免费PDF全文 Wei Shuai-chao Liu Feng Zhang Wei Wang Gui-ling Yuan Ruo-xi Liao Yu-zhong Yan Xiao-xue 《地下水科学与工程》2022,10(2):166-183
Terrestrial heat flow is an important physical parameter in the study of heat transfer and thermal structure of the earth and it has great significance in the genesis and development and utilization potential of regional geothermal resources. Although several breakthroughs in geothermal exploration have been made in Guizhou Province. The terrestrial heat flow in this area has not been properly measured, restricting the development of geothermal resources in the province. For this reason, the terrestrial heat flow in Guizhou was measured in this study, during which the characteristics of heat flow were determined using borehole thermometry, geothermal monitoring and thermal property testing. Moreover, the influencing factors of the terrestrial heat flow were analyzed. The results show that the thermal conductivity of rocks ranges from 2.0 W/(m·K) to 5.0 W/(m·K), with an average of 3.399 W/(m·K); the heat flow varies from 30.27 mW/m2 to 157.55 mW/m2, with an average of 65.26 ± 20.93 mW/m2, which is slightly higher than that of the average heat flow in entire land area in China. The heat flow in Guizhou generally follows a dumbbell-shaped distribution, with high values present in the east and west and low values occurring in the north and south. The terrestrial heat flow is related to the burial depths of the Moho and Curie surface. The basaltic eruptions in the Emeishan led to a thinner lithosphere, thicker crust and lateral emplacement, which dominated the basic pattern of heat flow distribution in Guizhou. In addition, the dichotomous structure of regional active faults and concealed deep faults jointly control the heat transfer channels and thus influence the terrestrial heat flow. 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地热流场特征 总被引：19，自引：2，他引：19
鄂尔多斯盆地系统Ｕ、Ｋ、Ｔｈ含量和地壳结构分层的综合研究表明，盆地莫霍面的热流平均值为０．３７ＨＦＵ，比华北地洼型活化盆地（０．６４～０．９７ＨＦＵ）要低得多，尚有稳定构造区的热流特点。盆地地表平均热流值为１．４４６ＨＦＵ，与全球大陆中生代地洼型造山区（１．４５ＨＦＵ）很接近，说明鄂尔多斯残留地台型盆地，从大地构造性质角度上看，正趋于向活化的方向发展。从地表到莫霍面，各界面现今热流的分布形式一致，热流的变化梯度和趋势也一致，表明研究区热流场的表现形式，受上地幔热场格局的控制。盆地各界面现今热流北西低、南东高，在吴旗－靖边及其往两端延伸一线，存在一个明显的ＮＥＥ向梯度带，是油气在热动力驱使下而分散或富集的重要场所。 相似文献
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Guangdong Province in Southeast China is noted for its numerous geothermal resources due to tectonic episodes, mainly occurred during the Cretaceous. The surface heat flow and geothermal gradient are the most direct ways to understand the temperature of the Earth. However, geothermal resources are poorly utilized in Guangdong Province due to limited numbers of boreholes and surficial hydrothermal fluids. To improve the understanding of underground temperature distribution in Guangdong Province, we have applied power-density spectral analysis to aeromagnetic anomaly data to calculate the depth of the Curie isothermal surface. Upward continuation is applied and tested to the magnetic data. The calculated Curie isotherm is between 18.5 km and 25 km below surface. The fluctuation in the depth range reflects lateral thermal perturbations in the Guangdong crust. In particular, the eastern, northern, western and coastline areas of the province have a relatively shallow Curie isotherm. By comparing the surface heat flow, geothermal gradient, distribution of Mesozoic granite-volcanic rocks, and natural hot springs, we conclude that during Mesozoic, magmatism exerted great influence on the deep thermal state of Guangdong Province. A shallow Curie isotherm surface, as well as numerous natural hot springs and high heat flow,show clear signatures of shallow heat sources. 相似文献
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博罗—大亚湾断陷区位于广东省惠州市西南部,处在我国东南沿海构造活动带,自新生代以来,受太平洋板块和欧亚大陆板块俯冲作用的影响,洋陆系统相互作用导致构造活动活跃,岩浆侵入、火山喷发频繁,地震活动强烈,地表热流值较全国而言比较高,沿着北西走向的博罗—大亚湾线性断陷系统内发育厚层的陆相碎屑沉积,众多的高温热泉出露在裂陷边界,显示出良好的地热资源潜力。通过研究分析深部重磁电震等地球物理资料,发现区域内不仅拥有丰富的浅层次水热型地热热源,深部层位可能存在优质的干热岩储层,初步推断其热源来自新生代南海地幔底辟作用,其导致壳幔物质非均匀流动,在陆壳地区底部发生熔融,向浅部不断传导形成线性热隆伸展构造,控制着整个断陷内的地热系统。 相似文献
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位于罗霄山脉北支武功山西南地区的钱山地热田是研究武功山地热资源的关键地区。本文综合区域地质、研究区地质特征、热物性参数、水化学特征、锆石同位素等方法, 重点分析了钱山地区的地热系统特征, 深入研究了钱山地热的构造背景和热源机制。研究表明: ①NE–SW向的和平—三江断裂是钱山地热重要的导热和控热构造; ②水化学及同位素特征指示钱山地区的地热水和冷水均为大气降水补给; ③早志留世黑云二长花岗岩热导率特征表明花岗岩具有很好的导热效果和聚热能力; ④黑云二长花岗岩放射性生热率较低且时代久远, 揭示放射性元素生热和岩浆岩余热对热源做出的贡献非常小, 钱山地热的热源主要来自壳源深部地热。本研究可为武功山地区地热资源成因及合理开发利用等提供重要的启示。 相似文献
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华南陆块受多阶段超大陆聚合、裂解, 碰撞、陆内造山, 及伸展等作用影响, 造成其深部结构和构造极其复杂。岩石圈有效弹性厚度(Te)是表征地质时间尺度上岩石圈力学强度的定量指标, 可为深入认识岩石圈力学结构及演化提供有效约束。本文基于导纳和相关函数联合方法对地壳布格重力异常和地形数据进行计算, 获得华南陆块Te的空间分布。Te高值(>20 km)区域主要分布于扬子地块的四川盆地周边区域, 而Te低值(<20 km)区域集中于华夏地块和江南造山带区域。由于Te分布特征与地热场、地震关系密切。通过分析研究区Te与地热场(地表热流、居里面深度)、地震之间的关系, 本文得到如下认识: (1)Te与地热场参数具有较好的相关性, 但受浅部地壳被破坏, 深部仍为克拉通地壳影响, 导致龙门山断裂带和江南造山带区域的Te与地表热流或居里面深度之间的部分对应关系相反。(2)Te与地震关系复杂, Te较薄区域并不代表着地震频发区域, 地震活动性与其所处的深部环境相关。龙门山断裂带强震频发的原因是受周边两块体中上地壳刚性地层长期相互作用, 致使应力和能量积累较强; 华夏地块区域地震较少是因为深部热物质上涌对华夏地块的壳幔进行强烈改造, 且地壳中存在横向不均匀分布的软弱地层对应力吸收, 造成能量和应力不易积累; 扬子地块的岩石圈力学强度较强是该区较少发生地震的重要原因。 相似文献
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依据236口井共2 706组的静温数据以及25口井的系统测温数据,分析计算了渤海盆地地温梯度及大地热流;建立地壳分层结构模型,利用回剥法计算现今地幔热流、深部温度以及岩石圈厚度;在此基础上,利用地球动力学方法恢复本区热流演化史。结果表明：渤海盆地背景地温梯度为322 ℃/km,热流值为648 mW/m2;盆地现今热岩石圈厚度在61~69 km之间,地幔热流占地表热流的比例在60%左右,属于“热幔冷壳”型岩石圈热结构,盆地地壳底部或莫霍面温度变动在548~749 ℃之间;热流演化的特征与盆地的构造演化背景吻合,新生代以来盆地经历了3期岩石圈减薄并加热的过程,在东营组沉积末期热流达到最高(70~83 mW/m2）,这期间盆地内产出多期碱性玄武岩,表明盆地经历了波及地幔的裂谷过程,随后进入热沉降期,热流逐渐降低,盆地向坳陷型转变。 相似文献
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青藏高原内部及边缘分布大量地热田,主要有青海共和—贵德地热田、甘肃张掖盆地地热田、甘肃天水地热田、云南腾冲地热田等,所有地热田系统整体围绕青藏高原边缘呈带状展布,主要受控于青藏高原构造活动。对该区域多个地热田进行分析,均具有深部热源垂直传导供热、深大断裂和其发育的次级断裂为有利通道等特性。青藏高原深部分布多个通道流,在地震层析成像观测结果、远震P波走时层析成像等地球物理资料上均有显著反映,青藏高原中北部地壳低速-高导层是部分熔融层的岩石学证据亦被证实。主要地热田均分布在通道流沿线,根据地热田的研究成果,认为下地壳的通道流不仅为地热田提供热源,形成明显的大地热流异常区带,通道流区域的地壳厚度减薄、构造活动增强,热流易于向上传导运移。文章综合分析后初步建立了地热分布与通道流关系模型、与通道流相关的地热田地热模型,认为青藏高原东北缘地区分布的多个地热田均受控于其深部的通道流;通过对该区域地热资源前景进行分析,认为甘肃天水地区位于通道流的交汇部位,地热资源前景巨大。 相似文献
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本文在对前人地热成因认识归纳检验的基础上,通过演绎推理的方法,从几条基本的物理定律和基本假设组成的第一性原理出发,推理“地球内部热能从深部向浅表传输”的动力学过程,探讨深层地热能热源机制。热源机制问题从物理学的角度看,本质上就是热能从地球内部向近地表传输的问题。可以根据第一性原理,通过演绎法推理其可能的传输过程。深层热能传输的第一性原理由“温度的定义、热胀冷缩原理、阿基米德原理、热力学第二定律以及辐射、传导和对流三种热量传输方式的效率对比”5条基本的概念和定理组成。结合地球已知的圈层结构,通过演绎推理可知,在固态内核偏移驱动下,液态外核开始流动,在局部聚集导致地幔中形成上升的地幔柱;地幔柱在另一个地球圈层界面发生顶托作用,使得界面上凸,并产生烘烤加热作用,被烘烤的上层物质流变性增强发生侧向流动,于是物质垂直运动转换为水平运动。水平流动的热物质聚集到一定程度又会上浮产生垂直运动。如此垂直运动和水平运动不断转换,最终将地球深部地核中的热能传输到了地壳浅层。地球深部热能向浅表传输的过程会导致海底增生扩张、板块运动、盆山耦合等,同时也形成不同级别的控热构造系统。地球尺度的控热构造系统为:地球内核为生热构造,液态外核为储热构造,各级地幔柱和流动的高温物质为导热构造,地表的火山、温泉、地震为释热构造子系统。大陆地壳准固态流变物质的侧向流动是干热岩形成的主控因子,对于干热岩地热能勘查具有重要意义。 相似文献
18.
WANG Yang School of Earth Science Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing WANG Jiyang XIONG Liangping Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2000,74(2):375-380
On the basis of 723 heat flow measurements in the mainland of China and over 2000 data from the global heat flow data set, the authors compiled the heat flow map of the mainland of China and its adjacent areas to exhibit the overall variation of the heat flow pattern in the mainland. The heat flow pattern of the mainland is complex, and can not be simply summarized as "low in the north and west and high in the south and east". Significant difference exists between eastern and western China in the spatial pattern of heat flow. Divided by the 105°E meridian, heat flow values in eastern China show a westward-decreasing trend; and a northward variation is observed in western China. The high-heat flow regions correspond to tectonically active belts such as Cenozoic orogens and extensional basins, where mantle heat flow is high; and the low-heat flow regions correspond to stable units such as the Tarim and Yangtze platforms. This heat flow pattern is controlled by India-Asia collision in the west and Pacific 相似文献
19.
在系统分析淮南煤田大量地面钻孔井温测井数据和井下巷道围岩温度测试数据的基础上,结合58块岩石样品的热导率测试结果,全面阐述了该区现今地温梯度和大地热流的分布特征。研究表明,淮南煤田现今地温梯度的众值介于2.50~3.50℃/hm之间,平均地温梯度为2.9℃/hm;大地热流值变化范围为31.87~83.9 m W/m2,平均热流值为63.69 m W/m2,地温梯度和热流值区均高于淮北煤田;大地热流受地温梯度控制明显,其变化特征和地温梯度分布较为相似,整体表现为中东部高,西部其次,东南部最小的特征。分析揭示,区内现今地温场和热流分布主要受区域地质背景和区内构造格局的控制。 相似文献
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中国科学院地质研究所地热组 《地质科学》1979,14(1):1-12
本文报道的我国第一批正式热流数据,系几年来我们在开展地温普查、矿山地温等工作的同时,选取了一部分较为理想的钻孔进行大地热流测量的结果。测点主要位于华北平原及其近邻的山区,个别在江淮地区。这项工作得到煤炭、地质、冶金等部门的大力协助。 相似文献